Complete the text with the words in the box
| a) capital turnover b) freight traffic c) transportation d) flows of freight e) transport logistics system f) transportation organizations g) transport services h) logistics i) freight rates j) loading and unloading |
Logistics
The development of (7) … influences on the cargo transportation. The introduction of new technologies into logistics develops this branch of (8) ….. There are 2 new technologies in this area: 1) «kanban», 2) «just-in-time». These systems are widely used in logistics.
The technology of these systems allows doing without unhandly and expensive storage facilities and increasing the (9) ….
Under the influence of logistic systems «kanban» and «just-in-time» the customers of (10) … … prefer such criteria, as adherence to delivery in accordance with time schedules.
Today cargo-carrying logistics has great development. The automation of information flow, attending (11) … …, - is one of the most important technical parts of the logistics.
Modern trends of information management replace paper carriage documents with electronic and try simplify carriage documents of (12) … …, systems of mutual settlements for transportation between senders, receivers and (13) ….
In developing of new technologies. It should be focused not only on the existing technical means of automation, but also take into account the future prospects for their development. The technical basis of the creating of advanced technologies and construction of (14) … … … is:
- Multiprocessor computers, minimarko PC of the fifth-generation;
- Channels;
- Wite all of PCs Officials freight stations
- In addition to the application of advanced technological base, by creating an entirely new technology.
The main object of the development of promising an entirely new technology is to automate fully the process of receiving, tracking and accounting of goods, tracking their movements at all stages of transport, including the maintenance phases of material (15) … … terminal virtually paperless. As a result of the work abolition on registration of transport documents and office records substantially is the procedure for receiving and issuing of goods simplified, there is no set of operations, including preparation of complex transportation documents, filling the book receiving the goods to the administration. And the cargo checking delivered cargo in the station technology center and commercial office, drawing up the operational report of (16) … … …; preparation decadal applications and decadal job orders for cargo loading; preparation of banking and financial documents.
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Translate from English into Russian
17. He said he had made arrangements for discharging at two berths.
18. He arranged a separate stevedore gang to at each hold.
19. He asked the captain if he had enough gear and appliances aboard for discharging.
20. Packed goods must be received on board only in sound packing.
21. Finally the agent took all the notices of readiness which had been prepared and signed by the captain.
22. The agent had advised the part authorities and the receivers of the ship`s arrival.
23. The captain wanted a surveyor to be invited as he feared that some damage to the goods might have happened during the voyage.
4.2 Итоговый тест для студентов Образовательной программы (8)
Holds and hatches
The inner space of a ship between the (1)… of a double bottom and … is designed for carrying cargoes. We call this space a hold.
Holds have different capacity. Big vessels have cargo (2) … divided into several separate compartments by … . Each dry-cargo vessel has four or five holds. The holds have bilges which serve to give way for flowing the water which may condensate on metal (3) … or collect on … . The water collected in the bilges is pumped out by a hold pump. Cargo battens or "spar ceiling", as they are often called, comprises portable wooden battens fitted to the inner edges of the frames and so from a sheathing to the ship's side. "Spar ceiling’’ is made up of boards and arranged either horizontally or vertically between frames. The purpose of this wooden sheathing is to prevent packages of cargo from damage by moisture which may collect on the side of the ship. The space so formed between the (4) … and the ship's side helps to provide a complete air space around the cargo and thereby improves ….
When the cargo work is over, it is necessary to cover the ship's hatches. Hatches should be covered with special covering systems. Despite the covering system used, the hatchbeams should be fitted into sockets riveted to the inner side of coamings. The hatchbeams serve to support the hatch covers. The hinged sections are stowed at the ends of the hatchway. Where space is restricted at the (5) …, a side rolling system is used, thwartships from the ….
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The use of the modern form of hatch coverings has the following advantages: quick working, reduced cargo handling time, belter use of the space» elimination of damage due to the presence of coamings. After finishing (6) … and before leaving the port it is compulsory to cover the hatches with … to ensure water-lightness.
1. a) Limber boards, the decks
b) cargo battens, bilges
c) inner edge, coaming
d) spar ceiling, bulkhead
2. a) limber boards, watertight bulkheads
b) cargo holds, bilge
c) cargo holds, watertight bulkheads
d) limber boards, bilge
3. a) cargo space, wooden floorings
b) bulkheads, wooden floorings
c) permanent ceiling, limber board
d) battens, spar ceiling
4. a) compartment, holds
b) air space, hatchway
c) hatches, compartment
d) spar ceiling, ventilation
5. a) hatchway, compartment
b) hatch ends, holds
c) hatchway, holds
d) hatch ends, compartment
6. a) breakage, tarpaulins
b) loading, dunnage
c) breakage, dunnage
d) loading, tarpaulins
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