Complete the text with the words in the box
| a) components b) current c) turn on d) branch e) amount f) positive g) appliances h) continue i) burns out j) path |
The (7) … of a circuit can be wired in two different ways: series or parallel. If components are arranged one after another to form a single (8) … between the terminals and the components, the circuit is known as a series circuit. In this type of circuit, the (9) … flows from the negative terminal to the (10) …terminal, passing through all the other components of the circuit. This means that the (11) … of energy passing through all the components in the series is the same. The main disadvantage of a series circuit is that when a single component in the path (12) …, the entire circuit stops operating (e.g. Christmas tree lights).
A parallel circuit consists of several paths connecting the different components. Each separate path is called a (13) … of the circuit. Current from the source divides and flows through the different branches. Unlike series circuit, if one of the components in the parallel circuit burns out, the other paths (14) … to operate. Parallel circuits are commonly used to connect (15) … at home, so that each socket can function independently. For example, you don`t have to (16) … the light in your room for the TV socket to work.
Translate from English into Russian
17. An electric circuit or network is a pathway through which the electric current can flow.
18. A simple circuit consists of a power source, two conducting wires, each one attached to a terminal of the source and a device through which electricity can flow.
19. This device is called a load and it`s attached to the wires.
20. If all the parts are properly connected, the current flows and the lamp lights up, this kind of circuit is called “closed”.
21. On the contrary, if the wires are disconnected the circuit is called “open” or “broken”.
22. When an abnormally high amount of current passes through a network, you get a short circuit.
23. In order to prevent short circuits, it is best to use fuses, which melt when too much current flows through them, interrupting in this way the circuit.
Part IV
Итоговый тест
для студентов Образовательной программы (8)
Cargo transportation
On the brink of the third millennium, the role of the Commonwealth`s (1) ... is significantly changing. Thanks to objective preconditions, the system will transform into a “locomotive” capable of invigorating industrial development, intensifying economic activity and of raising the living standards in many Russian regions. The development of international Euro-Asian (2) ... ... will provide solutions to global ... ....
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All this is directly related to the fact that the world`s economy has grown rapidly during these last decades. This includes a global division of (3) ... ... and correspondingly, a radical increase in the ... ... between different parts of the world. Industrial supplies have intensified and large markets are more competitive due to accelerated capital flow.
(4) “... ... ...” cargo delivery with maximum reliability and ... ... in minimum time is now especially relevant.
World (5) ... ... is regrouping in a focused search for more ... ..., including Eurasian ones. At present, cargo travels between Asia and Europe through the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. It takes 35 days to get to Europe from Japan through the Suez Canal. Reliable cargo delivery schedules depend on sea conditions. It is therefore not surprising that cargo owners are currently searching for alternative routes.
Practically all CIS states have strong prospects for development based on a close interaction with each other. However, the most attractive routes for cargo owners cross Russian territory. By the year 2010, Russia could have the main portion of the Eurasian international (6) ... ... thanks to its geographical location and powerful infrastructure which includes railway, motor and ... ....
1. a) navigation system
b) transportation system
c) transport corridors
d) logistics system
2. a) territory, social problems
b) logistics system, international problems
c) navigation system, foreign trade problems
d) transport corridors, social-economic problems
3. a) world labour, exchange of goods
b) international labour, delivery of goods
c) world workers, transportion of goods
d) international workers, shipment of goods
4. a) “Door to door”, cost effectiveness
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b) “Window to window”, expenditure effort
c) “Man to man”, charges effectiveness
d) “Customer to customer”, expenditure estimate
5. a) cargo travels, effective ways
b) cargo turnover, possible ways
c) cargo flow, effective routes
d) cargo carriage, possible routes
6. a) cargo travels, water traffic
b) freight traffic, international freight
c) freight flow, water transportation
d) cargo turnover, transport corridors
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