Goals and objective regularities of science development.

A classification of the practical direction of the science is usually reduced to division of the scientific research for fundamental, applied and industrial. The last two types of the scientific research do not require any comments, the basis of their planning, methods of carrying out and order of accounting are obvious – they are subordinated to the Objective and Schedule plan of the Requester (“who pays that orders the music”).

The social-psychological problem is a conception of “fundamental research”, that is that process of knowledge, which obeys the relations (1) - (21). What is the “fundamental research” and what they are necessary for (“fundamental” – strong, hard, large, basic, deep, substantial). In the Large Soviet Encyclopedia the conception of the fundamental scientific research is defined the following way: «Scientific research – is a process of production of knowledge, one of types of cognitive activity.

Scientific research is characterized by objectivity, reproducibility, conclusiveness, accuracy (what is understood differently in different field of science). There are two levels interrelated with each other: empirical and theoretical. There are established new facts of science and on the base of their generalization the regularities, general for this subject field, are formulated, which allow explaining the earlier discovered facts and empirical regularities, and also prognosticating the future events and facts.

The basic components of the scientific research are the problem formulation; preliminary analysis of the information available, conditions and methods of problems solution; formulation of the initial hypothesis; planning and organization of the experiment; carrying out of experiment; analysis and generalization of the results obtained; final formulation of new facts and laws; obtaining of explanations or scientific prognostications. For the applied scientific research the additional stage: implementation of the obtained results into the industry.

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