Choose the correct prepositions. Translate the text into Russian.
Many things can go wrong. For example:
If the battery is dead, you cannot turn over the engine to start it.
If the bearings that allow the crankshaft to turn freely are worn (of, out, away), the crankshaft cannot turn so the engine cannot run.
If the valves do not open and close (with, on, at) the right time, air cannot get (out, in, away) and exhaust cannot get (out, in, away), so the engine cannot run.
If someone sticks a potato up you tailpipe, exhaust cannot exist the cylinder so the engine will not run.
If you run (into, out of, from) oil, the piston cannot move (to and, up and down, on and on) freely I the cylinder, and the engine will seize.
Complete the following text using words given in the box. Translate the text into Russian.
| combustion | piston | valves | power |
| compression | compression | engine | switch |
What exactly happens when you turn the key to start the engine? The starting system consists of an electric starter motor and a starter solenoid. When you turn the ignition key, the starter motor spins the engine a few revolutions so that the combustion process can start. It takes a powerful motor to spin a cold engine. The starter motor must overcome all of the internal friction caused by the piston rings; the compression pressure of any cylinder(s) that happens to be in the compression stroke; the energy needed to open and close valves with the camshaft; all of the other things directly attached to the engine, like the water pump, oil pump, alternator, etc.
Because so much energy is needed and because a car uses a 12-volt electrical system, hundreds of amps of electricity must flow into the starter motor. The starter solenoid is essentially a large electronic power that can handle that much current. When you turn the key, it activates the solenoid to switch the motor.
Arrange the instructions about changing a flat tire in the correct order and translate the text. The first number is given for you.
__ Find a safe spot to pull over. If you're on the freeway, getting off is the safest bet, even if you have to drive on a blown tire. Otherwise, pull as far onto the shoulder as possible. Don't park in the middle of a curve, where approaching cars can't see you. Also choose a flat spot; jacking up your car on a hill can be a disaster. If you have a manual transmission, leave your car in gear. Be sure to set your parking brake!
__ Make sure the lug nuts are tightened. With the car back on the ground, you can now tighten the lug nuts. Rather than tightening them one by one in order, start with one lug nut, tighten it about 50%, move to the opposite nut (across the circle) and tighten that one about the same amount. Keep tightening opposite lug nuts gradually in turn until each lug nut is as tight as it can be.
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__ Turn on your hazard lights. Get the jack, wrench, and spare tire from the trunk of the car and bring them over to the tire that is flat. Use other tools or supplies if needed.
__ Put on the lug nuts. Don’t put them on tightly, just make sure they’re on enough for the spare to stay on the car for a moment.
__ Lower the car back to the ground. Use the jack to bring the car back down to ground level. Remove the jack from underneath the car.
__ Use the wrench to loosen the lug nuts. You may need to remove the hubcap. Don’t remove the lug nuts at this point; simply loosen them by turning the wrench to the left (counter-clockwise). If the lug nuts are really tight, try placing the wrench on the nut and standing on the wrench arm to use your full weight on it. You can also try hitting the wrench arm with a rock.
__ Remove the lug nuts and pull the tire off the car. Make sure to place the lug nuts in a pile that won’t get scattered, and pull the tire straight toward yourself to remove it from the wheel base.
__ Place the spare on the car. Line up the lug nut posts with the holes in the spare, and push the spare all the way onto the wheel base until it can’t go any farther.
__ Put your flat tire and tools back in your trunk. Make sure you don’t leave anything on the side of the road.
__ Use the jack to lift the vehicle off the ground. Different car models may have different places to put the jack; consult your owner’s manual for specific locations. Once the jack is securely in the correct spot, jack up the car until the tire is about six inches off the ground.
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