THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
Плани практичних занять з курсу
«Іноземна мова»
І курс
Спеціальність історія
2016-2017
Воробйова А.
Додаткова література:
Електронні ресурси
ІІ Семестр
ІІІ. Змістовий модуль „Велика Британія. Сполучені Штати Америки”
Тема: Велика Британія. Географічне положення та політична система країни.
Вивчити нову лексику. Підготуватись до диктанту . Скласти та записати речення с кожним словом
Vocabulary
a title –найменування, звання an island – острів
Ireland – Ірландія to hear – чути, почути, довідатися, впізнати
to refer – відносити, приписувати wet - вологий
to make up – утворити, гримувати several - окремий, кілька, декілька
far – далекий, набагато to divide – ділити, розколювати
to separate - розділяти, розколювати wide – широкий, просторий
a point – точка, пункт, крапка, пік coast – берег, узбережжя, ковзання
lowland – долина, низина highland – гірський, плоскогір’я
mountainous – гористий, скелястий a terrain – місцевість, територія, рельєф
a line – контур, лінія, рядок, межа to draw – малювати, описувати, креслити
an estuary – гирло річки, лиман adjacent – суміжний, стичний, сусідній
distinct – ясний, виразний, окремий rugged – міцний, важкий, суворий, лютий
to ensure – гарантувати, страхувати sparsely – рідко, слабо, негусто
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hilly - гористий, скелястий to boast – розривати, розвіювати, розривати
inland – внутрішній prevailing – пануючий, переважний, головний
wind – вітер to tend – плинути, керувати, прямувати
a spell – порція, частина mild – слабкий, помірний
Читання та обговорення тексту . Скласти план. Підготувати переказ за планом
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The UK is situated on two large islands called the British Isles. The larger island is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea. The population is 57 million people.
If you travel to Great Britain from Ukraine, it will take you two days to pass through several countries on the continent by train, and six more hours to cross the English Channel by boat. If you fly to Great Britain, it will take you only three and a half hours.
There are also mountain chains in Scotland, Wales and North-West England, but they are not very high. North-West England is also famous for its beautiful lakes. The longest river in England is the Severn and the deepest is the Thames. London stands on the river Thames. London is the capital of England.
The sea enters deeply into the land. It has a great influence on the climate. The climate is damp, but mild. The winter is not very cold and the summer is not very hot. The winds are very warm: refreshing breezes come from the sea. There is much rain during the year. In fact, no region in the country is dry for three weeks. England is also famous for its fogs. Englishmen call them "pea soups". However, in fact, there is no fog in England now. Antipollution helped.
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Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The formal head of the state is Queen Elizabeth II. But the prime minister is the real head of the state. He is the head of the government. Ministers govern Great Britain. Queen doesn’t have any power at all. She is only a symbol of Great Britain.
Parliament makes laws. It consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. People elect the members of the House of Commons (MPs). The members of the House of Lords inherit their titles. MPs receive a salary, and the members of the House of Lords do not receive a salary. The UK doesn't have any written constitution.
Great Britain has a very powerful economy. It is a manufacturing and trading nation. It exports cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles. But it doesn't produce enough food. The UK imports food. Englishmen raise sheep for meat and wool. They grow potatoes, sugar beets and wheat. Apple and cherry orchards in spring are very beautiful. Natural resources of the UK are gas, coal and oil.
3. Виконання після текстових вправ.
Ex 1.Compose the sentences with the following word combinations.
1. Great Britain is an _____ . 2. It's divided into three ____: England, Scotland and ____. 3. The _____Thames runs right through the city. 4. In summer many British _____spend their holidays by the ______. 5. England has some nice holiday resorts with lovely sandy ______ 6. If you want to see Nessie, then you must go to the famous British ______Loch Ness. 7. It is in Scotland and so is Great Britain's highest ______Ben Nevis. 8. If you climb Ben Nevis and the weather is fine, you will have a wonderful view over the ______below.
Ex 2. Learn these facts by heart:
Government: Forms of government: Constitutional Monarchy. In practice a parliamentary democracy.
Head of the state: Monarch (queen or king) Head of government: Prime Minister
Legislature: Parliament of two houses: 651 – member House of Commons; the House of Lords – about 1, 170 members.
Executive: Prime Minister (chosen by the House of Commons) and Cabinet
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Political subdivisions: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – four “countries” united under one government. Each country has units of local government.
Economy. Chief Products: Agriculture – wool, beef, cattle, milk, chicken and eggs, pigs, wheat, potatoes, barley, sugar beet. Manufacturing – foods and beverages, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, electrical and electronic goods, machinery, motor vehicles, textiles and clothing, rubber and plastics goods, iron and steel, meal manufactures, ceramics.
Money: Basic unit – pound, also called pound sterling.
4. Робота з граматичним матеріалом. Займенники.
Ex. l.Replace the Ukrainian possessive pronoun by its English equivalent.
1. Keep (твої) books on the shelves. 2. (Твої) hands are very dirty. 3. (Його) poems are very good. 4. These are (її) photos. 5. Where are (твої) friends now? 6. (Мої) students are at the lecture. 7. Are these (твої) newspapers?
Ex. 2.Insert the missing possessive pronouns. Try to use all persons.
1. Is it … girl-friend over there? Oh, no, she isn’t my friend, she is …friend. 2. Don't take this book. It is not my book, it is …book. 3. Tell… not to forget … ticket; and ask Helen not to forget … 4. Take English magazines and give me…
Ex. 3.Open the brackets using objective pronouns.
These are very good exercises. Do (they) at home, please. 2. This engineer works with (I). I know (he) well. 3. Write these words in your exercise-books and learn (they). 4. Read this letter and translate (it) into English, please. 5. I know this girl. She works with (we).
Ex. 4. Insert possessive pronouns.
1. Take this book and read … at home, please. 2. Is he going to speak to … about his new work? 3. These are very good exercise-books. Where do you get …? 4. My sister knows English well. I often do my homework with … 5. Read these words and learn … well. 6. I don’t know … . What’s his name?
Ex 5.Replace the underlined words by personal pronouns.
1. John, give the book to Henry. 2. Tell the studentsthe answer. 3. My sister and I have got room of our own. 4. Alec and Mary are engineers by profession. 5. Jane, buy a magazine for Granny. 6. Kate, read this story to Mary and me, please. 7. Tom has got no nephews or nieces. 8. His wife is not in London now. 9. Pete, bring flowers for your mother. 10. Send the letter to your parents.
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Ex. 6.Read the text, translate it into Ukrainian and retell.
THE REST OF TEENAGERS
Hello! I live in Beverly Hills. My name is Brandon. Now I am going to the club for teenagers. Oh, I am already here. Many teenagers are here too. I am writing an article for the college newspaper. Now I am asking the teenagers about their life. The first person is Linda. I am asking her about her hobbies. Her hobbies are meeting friends and music. Her favourite sport is basketball. She is a tall girl. It is good for basketball. She is 1.80 metre. I am asking John. He is 18 years old. His hobby is girls. They like him too. His favourite sport is football. He is a college champion. He is also fond of basketball, baseball, swimming and dancing. What a wonderful person he is! There are so many teenagers! But their hobbies are for the next newspaper. I am so tired!
5. Робота з текстом за професійним спрямуванням: текст “ EARLY BRITAIN»
Task: read the text; translate, be ready to answer the questions and retell the text
Britain has been many centuries in the making. The first inhabitants of the island were the Iberians. This race is supposed to have arrived from the Iberian Peninsular (the North of Spain). Soon after 700 B.C. Britain was invaded by the Celts. In the 1st century B.C. when the Celts still lived under the primitive communal system, the Roman Empire became the strongest slave-owning state in the Mediterranean. The Romans ruled all the civilized world and in the 1st century A.D. they conquered Britain. Britain was a province of the Roman Empire for about four centuries.
There are today many things in Britain to remind the people of the Romans: towns, roads, wells and the words. After the departure of the Romans Britain was attacked by the Germanic tribes of the Jutes, the Saxons and the Angels. The conquerors are generally referred to as the Anglo-Saxons. The Anglo-Saxons made up the majority of the population in Britain. The Anglo-Saxon language, or English, has been the principal language of the country since then.
In 793 the Danes from Denmark and the Northmen from the Scandinavian peninsular (frequently called as the Vikings) carried out their first raids in Britain. At last all England was in their hands. The Kingdom of Wessex alone was left to resist them. King Alfred (ruled 871-901) gathered his men and defeated the Danes.”
Ex 1. Answer the questions
1.Why did Britain invade Britain in the 1st century A.D.? 2. How long was Britain the Roman Empire province? 3. What ‘s the basis of the English language?
Ex. 2. Make up the plan of the text . Find additional information related to the subject.
Література:
1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.
2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.
3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.
4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.
Практичне заняття № 2
Тема: Освіта у Великій Британії і США.
1. Читання та обговорення текстів. Виконання після текстових вправ . Підготовка розповіді про освіту в Великій Британії та США.
THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
The four lands that make up the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland
and Wales) have different histories and distinctive culture. The UK educational systems
are similar in general structure, but cultural differences have influenced their organization, as well as attitudes, standards, and values.
Education is divided into three stages - primary education, secondary education, and further and higher education. Full-time education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16. A very high proportion of young people continue in full-time education, or part-time education and training, until the age of 18. Education during the primary and secondary stages is general rather than vocational.
Primary education takes place in infant schools (pupils aged from 5 to 7 years) and junior schools (from 8 to 11 years). Secondary schools are usually much larger than primary schools and most children - over 80 per cent - go to a comprehensive school at the age of 11. These schools are not selective - you do not have to pass an exam to go there.
At the age of 14 or 15, in the third or fourth form of secondary school, pupils begin to choose their exam subjects. At sixteen students take the General Certificate of Secondary Education. It replaced two previous examinations: the Certificate of Secondary Education, which indicated satisfactory completion of secondary education, and the General Certificate of Education, which was for higher academic achievers.
Further Education
Many people decide to leave school at the age of sixteen and go to a Further Education College. Here most of the courses are linked to some kind of practical vocational training, for example in engineering, typing, cooking or hairdressing. Full-time courses are provided in universities, polytechnics, Scottish central institutions, colleges of higher and further education, and technical, art and agricultural colleges.
Today there are over fifty universities in Britain, compared with only seventeen in 1945. They fall into four broad categories: the ancient English foundations, the ancient Scottish ones, the 'redbrick' universities, and the 'plate-glass' ones. They are all private institutions, receiving direct grants from central government.
Oxford and Cambridge, founded in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries respectively, are easily the most famous of Britain's universities. Today 'Oxbridge', as the two together are known, educate less than one tenth of Britain's total university student population. Nevertheless, they continue to attract many of the best brains.
There is also a highly successful Open University, which provides every person in Britain with the opportunity to study for a degree, without leaving his or her home. It is particularly designed for adults who regret missed opportunities earlier. It conducts learning through correspondence and through local study centers.
Ex I. Remember synonyms to these words:
1) to teach - to instruct - to coach - to train - to educate;
2) teacher - instructor - tutor - coach - trainer;
3) to enjoy - to take pleasure in - to take delight in - to derive pleasure from;
4) to make up - to collect - to get together - to constitute - to form - to compose;
5) to create - to originate - to bring into being - to call into existence - to make.
Ex II. Match the word with the corresponding definition:
1) compulsory a) training that teaches you the skills you need to do a
particular job;
2) vocational b) a system of education in which pupils of different abilities
go to the same school or are taught in the same class;
3) comprehensive c) something that is compulsory must be done because it is the
law or because someone in authority orders you to;
4) curriculum d) an official organization or a local government department
which controls public affairs, provides public services;
5) background e) an official plan that is intended to help people in some way;
6) scheme f) the events in the past that explain why something has
happened in the way that it has;
7) to site g) to persuade someone to do something;
8) to convince h) to make a judgment about a person or situation after
thinking carefully about it;
9) to assess i) be placed or built in a particular place;
10) authority j) the subjects that are taught by a school, college etc. or the
things that are studied in a particular subject.
Ex III. Find in the text the English for:
початкова освіта; широкий вибір предметів; обов'язкова освіта; підвищувати освітній рівень; підтримувати стару систему граматичних шкіл; реагувати на потреби та інтереси своїх учнів; вища освіта; підготовка до тестів; забезпечувати школу грошима, книжками і т. п.; оцінювати класну та домашню роботу учнів; професійне навчання; обдаровані діти; най здібніші діти; трирічний курс навчання; проводити навчання поштою (через листування).
THE US EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Americans believe that all citizens should be given the opportunity to study and learn in order to develop their talents and abilities. The aim of education is also to teach young citizens how to contribute to society through good citizenship.
Most Americans spend many years earning an education. There are several levels in the US system of education. Schools range from nursery schools for young children to universities for adult higher education. Many children attend nursery school, or preschool. Nursery school usually 
accepts children three and four years old. Many public school systems start with kindergarten classes for five- and six-year-old children. Many children enter the first grade of elementary school at the age of six. In elementary school students learn the building blocks of education - reading, writing, and arithmetic. The curriculum also includes subjects such as history, science, health, art, music and physical education. Children attend elementary school for five to nine years, depending on how the school system is arranged.
Grades 7, 8, 9 usually make up junior high school. Many school systems have replaced junior high schools with middle or intermediate schools. Middle schools usually include grades 5 or 6 through 8. Some middle schools include only grades 7 and 8.
Students who have completed the first eight or nine grades enter high school. There are generally three kinds of high schools. Academic high schools prepare students for college. Technical and vocational high schools enable students to learn a trade or occupation. Comprehensive high schools offer college preparatory work as well as technical or vocational courses.
The US higher education
The need for higher education in the United States has grown with advances in knowledge and technology. Many jobs now require college and university training. Therefore, high school students are encouraged to earn as much education as they can.
2. Робота з граматичним матеріалом Теперішній неозначений час.The Present Indefinite Tense.
Ex.1.Make these sentences interrogative and negative.
1. I often meet my friend here. 2. You go to the factory every day. 3. I read newspapers every morning. 4. His sisters always give me books. 5. He reads newspapers at home. 6. She goes to the disco every Sunday. 7. It helps. 8. They often come here. 9. We write questions at home. 10. He often sends me English books.
Ex. 2.Read quickly inserting DO or DOES.
1. … you like English? 2. …your friend like it? 3. … he often come here? 4. … your friend drink coffee in the morning? 5. … you smoke during the breaks? 6. … you like picture in my dining-room? 7. …they come in time? 8. … you know him? 9. … he live in a house or in a flat? 10. … she like tennis?
Ex. 3.Translate into English using the verbs in Present Simple.
1. Коли ви встаєте? — Я встаю о сьомій. 2. Коли встає твій брат? — Він встає о пів на восьму. — А твоя сестра теж встає о пів на восьму? — Ні. Мій брат ходить до школи, а моя сестра не ходить до школи. Вона ще не учениця. Вона встає о дев’ятій. 3. Мій брат працює в лікарні. Він лікар. Він встає о шостій. Він працює вранці та вдень. Увечері він не працює. Увечері він відпочіває (rest). 4. Твоя сестра розмовляє французською? — Ні. Вона розмовляє німецькою, а її чоловік розмовляє англійською.
3. Робота з текстом за профілем спрямування: EARLY BRITAIN Part 2.
Task: read the text; translate, be ready to answer the questions and retell the text
In the 11th century, the Normans invaded England. This was the fifth and the last invasion of England. The pretext for the invasion was the claims of Duke of Normandy, William, to the English throne. He gathered a numerous army and landed in the south of England. The battle between a numerous army and the Anglo-Saxons took place in 1066 at a little village near the town now called Hastings. The Anglo-Saxons were defeated. Thus the Norman Duke became king of England — William the Conqueror. He ruled England for 21 years (1066—1087). The Normans had to put down many rebellions in different parts of the country and the rebels were punished severely.
Gradually the Normans mixed with the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes and from this mixture the English nation finally emerged. For many centuries this country was simply known as England. To the west and north, Wales and Scotland fought for their independence so passionately that it took hundreds of years to bring them under English domination.
Ex. 1. Choose the right word or word-combination.
1. The first ... of the island were Iberians.
a) villagers b) settlements c) inhabitants
2. After ... of Romans the principal language of the country
was the Celtic. a) the departure b) the invasion c) the conquest
3. In the 11th century England ... by the Normans.
a) was conquered b) was captured c) was invaded
4. Duke of Normandy, William, gathered a numerous army and
...in Scotland. a) went b) landed c) moved
5. The rebels ... severely. a) were headed b) were punished c) were attacked
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences.
1. The Iberians arrived from ... . 2. In the 1st century B.C. the Celts still lived under ... . 3. The strongest slave-owning state in the Mediterranean was ... . 4. William the Conqueror ruled the country for ... . 5. The conquerors are generally referred to as ... . 6. Gradually the Normans mixed with...
Ex.3. Insert the right word:
(conquered, mixed, was invaded, took place, fought, ruled, was attacked, carried out)
1. Soon after 700 B.C. Britain ... by the Celts. 2. The Romans ... all the civilized world and in the first century A.D. they ... Britain. 3. After the departure of the Romans Britain ... by the German tribes of Jutes, the Saxons and the Angles. 4. The Danes and the Northmen ... their first raids in Britain. 5. The battle between a numerous army and the Anglo-Saxons ... in 1066. 6. Gradually the Normans ... with the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes and from this mixture the English nation finally emerged. 7. To the west and north, Wales and Scotland ... for their independence.
Ex. 4. Answer the questions on the text.
1. Who were the first inhabitants of Britain? 2. When did the Celts invade Britain? 3. When did the Romans conquer Britain? 4. How long was Britain a province of the Roman Empire? 5.What tribes attacked Britain after the departure of the Romans? 6. When did the Anglo-Saxon language become the principal language of the country?
Ex. 5. Make a short summary of the text.
Література:
1. О. Письменная. Английский язык: экология и охрана окружающей среды: - К.: ООО «ИП Логос-М», М.: ООО «Айрис-прес, 2007. – 368с
2. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.
4. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.
5. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.
Практичне заняття № 3
Тема: Дослідження американського континенту. Політична система країни та економічний розвиток США.
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