Ex.4. Find in the text sentences with the following words and word-combinations and translate them into Russian.
Monitor, retail, improve, success, succeed, successful,, according to the plan, go bankrupt, hire, benefit, handle, customer, merchandise, prevent, resources, strength, weakness, rent, evaluate, deliver, equipment, available, purchasing, execute the plan, make sure, keep an eye on, adjust the plan, contingency, fix, rewarding experience.
Ex.5. Answer the questions.
1.Why can we describe management as art? 2.Why is it science at the same time? 3.What are the four basic pillars of management? 4. What is the value of management? 5.What does management start with? 6.What questions should be answered while planning? 7.How can you make the plan happen? 8.Why can we compare directing people with conducting an orchestra? 9.What should be done if something doesn’t go according to the plan? 10.Can one improve management skills, do you think?
Ex.6. Give the main ideas of the text.
Ex.7. Study the functions of management at different levels.
Levels of management
Most organizations have three management levels: first-level, middle-level, and top-level managers. These managers are classified in a hierarchy of authority, and perform different tasks.
Top-level managers (board of directors, president, vice-president, CEOs, etc.)
They are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business. In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources and are accountable to the shareholders and stakeholders.
According to Lawrence S. Kleiman, the following skills are needed at the top managerial level: broadened understanding of how: competition, world economies, politics, and social trends effect organizational effectiveness.
Top management's role is:
· Lay down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.
· Issue necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules, etc.
· Prepare strategic plans and policies for the enterprise.
· Appoint middle level executives, i.e., departmental managers.
· Control and coordinate activities of all departments.
· Maintain contact with the outside world.
· Provide guidance and direction.
· Answer to shareholders for the performance of the enterprise.
Middle-level managers (general managers, branch managers and department managers). They are accountable to the top management for their department's function. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. Their roles can be emphasized as executing organizational plans in conformance with the company's policies and the objectives of the top management, they define and discuss information and policies from top management to lower management, and most importantly they inspire and provide guidance to lower level managers towards better performance. Their functions include:
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· Design and implement effective group and inter-group work and information systems.
· Define and monitor group-level performance indicators.
· Diagnose and resolve problems within and among work groups.
· Design and implement reward systems that support cooperative behavior.
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