Образец выполнения 3 ( к упр . IV )

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Present Perfect Passive
The main question has already been discussed.	Главный вопрос уже обсудили.
Present Indefinite Passive
His scientific work is much spoken about.	О его научной работе много говорят.
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II )
1. It is necessary to use the latest means of control in industry.		Необходимо использовать в промышленности новейшие средства контроля.
2. One should agree that experiment was of great importance for our research.		Следует согласиться, что тот эксперимент имел большое значение для нашего исследования.
3. It is hydrogen that will be the main source of energy in the car of the future.		Именно водород будет основным источником энергии в автомобиле будущего.
Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. IV)
1. What is the name of the book you are reading?		Как называется книга, которую ты читаешь?
2. The region we must explore possesses great natural wealth.		Район, который мы должны исследовать, обладает огромными природными ресурсами.

Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published. 2. This lecture is listened to with great interest. 3. English is spoken in many countries of the world. 4. They have constructed the new building for the theatre.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is proved that light needs time to travel any distance. 2. One must take part in scientific work. 3. Specialists consider that in future city transport will reject gasoline.

III . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. You have to come to the language laboratory to work at your pronunciation. 2.This material does not possess elastic properties. 3. Scientists had to create new materials for industry. 4. The exam was to start in the morning.

IV . Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. We know electricity produces heat. 2. The new materials the chemists developed were used in space technology.

V . Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. It is necessary for a specialist to know a foreign language. 2. Our idea was to design a new device for automatic control.

VI . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Science and Technology

In recent years scientific and technological developments have changed life on our planet. Today science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn, technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.

When we speak of technology today, we mean industrial technology or the technology that began 200 years ago with the development of power driven machines, mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology.

The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and a system of lifting water. However, it was not until the 19th century that technology truly was based on science.

In a sense, the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.

Вариант 2

I . Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.When much had been done in the study of ecology by our institute it became an important scientific centre. 2. The research of planets will be developed with the help of cosmic apparatus. 3. This material is unaffected by solar radiation. 4. Several new office buildings have been constructed in the town lately.

II . Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is necessary to find new sources of cheap energy. 2. It was Einstein who came to the conclusion that the electromagnetic field is influenced by the gravitational field. 3. This metro station was opened last year and that one will be put into operation in two years.

1. Man had to learn to obtain electric power directly from the Sun. 2. At present most of the industrial enterprises have their own electric power stations. 3. Specialists do not use solar cells in industry as they are too expensive. 4. The engineers are to study the problem of using cosmic rays.

1. The methods we have just described are very effective. 2. The instruments our plant produces help to automate production processes.

1. То translate a sentence is to discover its meaning. 2. The teacher told her students to learn the poem by heart.

VI . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

X - Rays

Have you ever thought about the time when there was no radio, when flying was a dream, and cinema was only one year old? It was the time when the first motor cars had just appeared It was in 1895 when a German professor Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered a new kind of invisible rays These rays could pass through clothes, skin and flesh You can imagine the impression this announcement produced at that time

Let us see how Roentgen came to discover these all - penetrating rays He had discovered that if lie put two electric wires in л glass lube, connected the wires to opposite electric poles, a stream of electric particles would emerge out of the cathode These cathode rays made certain chemical glow ( свечение ) in the dark. One day Roentgen was working in his darkened laboratory He put glass tube in a box made of thin black cardboard and switched on the current to the tube. The black box was lightproof, but Roentgen noticed a strange glow at the far corner of his laboratory He found that glow had come from a small screen ( экран )

Roentgen knew that the cathode rays could make the screen glow. But he also knew that cathode rays could not penetrate the box If the effect was not due to the cathode rays, what mysterious new rays were causing it? He did not know, so he called them X - rays

Вариант 3

1 The radar has been used for the automatic control of ground transport.
2 Today plastics are being widely used instead of metals.
3 The construction of the dam has been completed this month.
4 The alloys were experimented upon our lab.

II . Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is the number of electrons within the atom that determines the properties of a substance. 2. The territory of Moscow is larger than that of London. 3. In London one must get used to the left-side traffic.

1. Some substances do not conduct heat. 2. Our plant is to increase the output of consumer goods. 3. Soon our industry will have new and cheap sources of energy. 4. These computers will have to perform millions of operations per second.

1. The hostel our students live m is situated not far from the Academy.
2. I think he has made a mistake in his calculations.

V . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1.The experiment to be carried out is of great importance for our research. 2.To prove this fact is very difficult.

VI . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Plastics

Many of us can not imagine our life at present without plastics. But we can not realize what a great part they play in raising our standard of living.

You can not go through a single day without some association with plastics. Your toothbrush, the cap of your toothpaste tube, your comb, the handle of your table knife, your pen, the door knob. These are but few examples. Plastics are everywhere. No other material can be used as limitlessly as plastics. Very few materials are as durable and simple in production as plastics.

Plastics has become the raw material only since 1928. But during that short period of time furniture, footwear, building materials, textiles have been manufactured from it.

Almost all plastics are produced from coal, air and water. But each material possesses different properties. Knowing the structure of plastics you can, for instance, produce from polyvinyl a hard sheet or a soft film. Nylon is a non conductor of electricity and that is very important m electrical industry. Unlike metals, plastics require no finishing.

Вариант 4

1. The automatic equipment is being installed in our shop. 2. The construction of this building will be completed in a month. 3. The engineer was asked about the new technology used at the plant. 4. Radioactive isotopes have been made in nuclear reactor.

II . Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. The successes in chemistry made it possible to obtain a lot of new materials. 2. It is the energy of falling water that is used to drive turbines.
3. One must apply the material that can be machined easily.

1. The operators dealing with radioscopes must have protective suits.
2. The engineers are to study the problem of using solar energy. 3. The chemical industry is one of the leading branches of economy.

1. I think the project will be ready by tomorrow. 2. Every substance a man comes in contact with consists of molecules.

1. То design new buildings is the work of an architect. 2. To measure volumes we must know the dimensions of a body.

VI . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Space Exploration

Exploration of outer space in the 20th century has produced discoveries and inventions that will forever change the way people live, learn and interact.

The dream of space travel is as old as history but in the 20th century the dream became reality. The launch of sputnik, the first man - made object to overcome gravity, began the space age. The former Soviet Union achieved many other firsts. In 1961 Yuri Gagarin was the first man put into space. The first long space flights, a woman in space and space walk were all Soviet achievements.

In the early 1960s the United States organized the Apollo space program. This research program concentrated on landing a man on the moon. Two Americans, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrim, walked on the с lunar surface in July 1969.

Since the first moon landing, many nations have developed programs of space exploration. A network of communication satellites made world-wide television and telephone service possible. Space shuttles allowed regular trips between Earth and space. Voyages to Venus were made by the Soviet spaceships, voyages to Mars, Jupiter and Saturn - by the American spaceships.

Вариант 5

1. Scientific and engineering progress opens up wide prospects before man. 2. The properties of materials are affected by solar radiation. 3. The sputniks are used for the research of magnetic fields and cosmic rays.
4. Many houses with all modern conveniences are being built in this part of the city.

II . Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is necessary to obtain accurate data on the possibility of living and working in space. 2. We had to find new methods of investigation because the old ones were unsatisfactory. 3. The peoples know that their joint efforts can secure peace in the whole world.

1. The speed of electrons is almost the same as that of light. 2. We had to change the design of this room. 3. Russian people do not receive their salary regularly. 4. A plan for the construction of the new shopping centre is to be carried out this year.

1. We know radio and radar systems play a very important role at any airport. 2. The information science gets about other galaxies comes through radiotelescopes.

1. The main purpose of the computers is to solve complex problems quickly 2. The Soviet science was to contribute a great deal to the development of space technology.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Computers

Computers are sometimes called «electronic brains». Computers are machines for solving problems. Theoretically any of the problems solved by computers can also be solved by human calculators but the computers are very much faster and never get tired.

Mechanical calculators were designed in the 17th century by Pascal and Leibnitz.

A computer can do anything that we can express as a series of arithmetical operations. There is much work that can be put into a mathematical form. The speed of computers is phenomenal. Most electronic computers can do over 1,000 operations every second which saves time.

There are 2 main types of electronic computers analog and digital. In analog computers problems are solved by analogy. However in digital computers problems are solved counting. Both of them process information at an unprecedented velocity.

A computer, whether analog or digital, is a device for solving problems automatically. The word «automatically» indicates that (here is as little human intervention as possible. Modern computers can solve problems so quickly because they are electronic devices.

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