Задание I . Прочитайте и переведите текст.
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND GREAT BRITAIN
Education is very important in the modern world, which is full of technological advances.
All countries have traditional systems of education, according to which pupils start school at the age of 5, 6 or 7 and study at school for 11 or 12 years. This system of education seems good because pupils are taught by well-qualified teachers and they get the necessary amount of knowledge specified by a national curriculum. But some people believe that the current system is a failure because it doesn’t teach children how to become good thinkers. School is about passing exams, but education should be about life.
In many countries education is compulsory, but school isn’t. So many parents choose alternative ways of education for their children, for example, home education. Everyone continues studying after finishing school. There is no doubt that without good education you won’t be able to find an interesting and highly-paid job because every company needs well-qualified employees. University life is usually interesting and exciting.
Education in Russia
Citizens of Russia have the right to education which is guaranteed by the Constitution and ensured by the broad development of compulsory secondary education, vocational, specialized secondary and higher education, by the development of correspondence and evening courses, by the provisions of state scholarships, grants and privileges for students.
In Russia there is a nine-year compulsory education, but to enter a university one has to study two years more. School starts at the age of 6 or 7 for Russian children. At school pupils study academic subjects, such as Russian, Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, foreign languages and others.
After finishing secondary school, lyceum or gymnasium one can go on to higher education. Entrance competitive examinations are held in July and August.
Higher educational institutions are headed by Rectors. Prorectors are in charge of the academic and scientific work. Higher educational institutions train undergraduates and graduate students in one or several specializations. The faculties are headed by the Deans.
Institutions of higher education include: technical training schools, teachers training colleges, universities which offer master’s and doctoral degrees programs. The faculties have specialized councils for conferring advanced academic degrees.
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University education in Great Britain
There are about 90 universities in Britain. Oxford and Cambridge, the oldest universities are world-known for their academic excellence. The University of London has the size and breadth to rank among the UK’s top universities.
A university usually consists of colleges. The departments of the colleges are organized into faculties.
An undergraduate program consists of a series of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes which in total account for about 15 hours per week.
Lectures are given to large groups of students (from 20 to 200). Seminars and tutorials are much smaller than lecture classes and in some departments can be on a one-to-one basis (one member of staff and one student). Following a particular program students take series of lecture courses which may last one academic term or the whole year.
Students prepare work in advance for seminars and tutorials. And this can take the form of researching a topic for discussion by writing essays or by solving problems. Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all one hour in length, laboratory classes last two or three hours.
The academic year is divided into three terms. Formal teaching takes place in the first two terms which last for twenty four weeks in total. The third term is reserved for classes and examinations and lasts for six weeks.
University degree courses extend from three to four years. After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. He can continue to take his Master’s Degree and then the Doctor’s.
Notes:
well-qualified – квалифицированный
curriculum – учебный план
compulsory – обязательный
competitive – конкурсный
extramural – заочный
scholarship – стипендия
graduate student – аспирант
tutorials – практические занятия
term – семестр
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Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science – степень бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук
essay – письменная работа
staff – штат преподавателей (персонал)
academic year – учебный год
degree course – курс, ведущий к получению степени
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