Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык .
1. One object may be larger than another one, but it may weigh less.
2. Mass can also be defined as a measure of inertia.
3. Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.
4. Plastics should be reinforced by different kinds of fibres (to reinforce - усиливать, укреплять).
Вариант 3
Прочтите и переведите на русский язык.
SEVASTOPOL
1. In translation from the Greek Sevastopol means "a magnificent city", "a city of glory". That is really so. Sevastopol's history has many glorious chapters. Everybody knows about the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean war (1853 - 1856). The sailors, soldiers and the entire population fought against the enemy. Lev Tolstoy wrote about it in his "Sevastopol Sketches".
2. We know and remember the defense of Sevastopol in the Great Patriotic War. For 250 days the city was engaged in combat. It cost the nazi invaders 300,000 officers and men.
3. After the fascist invasion Sevastopol was in ruins. There were only a few buildings in the centre of the city. Today Sevastopol stretches for dozens of kilometers.
4. Sevastopol is a naval city. Its yards build passenger ships and repair merchant vessels.
They build powerful floating cranes as well.
5. Sevastopol is also a research center. Scientists of the country's oldest Institute of Biology of Southern Seas investigate the World Ocean. They have modem expeditionary ships at their disposal.
6. A museum-city is yet another name of Sevastopol. Monuments of culture, memorials, obelisks and sculptural groups form an organic part of its image.
7. There is an entry in the visitors' book of the Panorama of the 1854 - 1855 defense of Sevastopol: "Malakhov Hill is a small hill, but what a good view opens from it of Russia, the whole, the entire history of its people and their heroic exploit."
2. Прочтите 7-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос :
What is the entry in the visitors' book of the Panorama of the 1854 - 1855 defense of Sevastopol?
3. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
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Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The lecturer gave several examples of the Sevastopol scientists' international ties.
2. The foundation of Sevastopol dates back to 1783.
3. The author mentions this phenomenon in his article.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. His father was one of the leaders of the partisan movement during World War П.
2. The reporter spoke about the fulfillment of the Food Programme in the region.
3. Not long ago our family moved into a large three-room flat.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The more I studied the English language, the more I liked it.
2. My friend is one of the best students of our group.
3. This room is smaller than that one.
Вариант 4
1. Прочтите и переведите
LISE MEITNER (1878-1968)
1. In 1938, an Austrian physicist named Lise Meitner announced the splitting of the atom in the laboratory. That announcement confirmed once again the beginning of the Atomic Age. At that time Lise Meitner was one of the few persons in the world who had a thorough understanding of atomic energy and the use which could be made of this great power.
2. Lise Meitner, the daughter of a lawyer, was born in Vienna on the 17th of November 1878. She grew interested in science when she reed of the Curies' discovery of radium. The example of Marie Curie showed that a woman was able to achieve something in science. Lise Meitner became the first woman in the history of the University of Vienna who earned her doctorate in physics.
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3. In 1906 she went to the University of Berlin to continue her studies by attending the theoretical lectures of Max Planck and by doing experimental work. There she began her research in the new field of radioactivity. She focused her attention on the behaviour of beta radiation from radioactive elements, experimenting with the primitive methods then available for measuring and analyzing radioactivity. Meitner's work in the 1920s and early 1930s emphasized the physical aspects of radioactivity.
4. In 1938 she left Germany for Sweden. Lise Meitner declined to work on the development of the atom bomb remaining in Sweden throughout the war. She was concerned with the properties of new radioactive isotopes, produced by the cyclotron. Her career was illustrious and productive (she published more man 135 scientific papers), but throughout her life she remained a shy person, with a deep interest in music. Her devotion to science had been total. She never married. In 1960 she moved to Cambridge, England, where she died in 1968.
2.Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Why can we say that Meitner's career was illustrious and productive?
1. ... because she was concerned with the study of thermal conductivity in non-homogeneous bodies.
2. … she was measuring and analysing radioactivity.
3. ... because she published more than 135 scientific papers.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. The reactor is fast becoming a major source of heat and electricity.
2. Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies in the Universe.
б) 1. Elements are transformed into other elements both by man and by nature.
2. The launching of Sputnik I was followed by many achievements in science and engineering.
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4. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глаголя-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык .
1. These reactions convert hydrogen into helium, giving off a great amount of light and heat.
2. The formula E = me2 deduced by Einstein is perhaps the most well-known equation in the world.
3. Soils containing too much sand or clay are of less value in agriculture.
4. Plastics articles are often difficult to repair if broken.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждой из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения да русский язык .
1. Laser light can be used to transmit power of various types.
2. The application of digital (цифровой) computers should include all forms of automatic control in science and industry.
3. These new materials had to withstand much higher temperatures than metals.
4. Ethylene gas may be obtained by cracking petroleum.
Вариант 5
Прочтите и переведите .
D.I. MENDELEEV (1834 - 1907)
1. A Russian name appeared in 1964 on the honorary board of science at Brigeport University, USA: Mendeleev was added to the list of the greatest geniuses - Euclid, Archimedes, Copernicus, Galilei, Newton and Lavoisier. D.I. Mendeleev, the explorer of nature, is the greatest chemist of the world. The Mendelyeev system has served for almost 100 years as a key of discovering new elements and has retained its key capacity until now.
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2. D.I. Mendeleev was the fourteenth, and last child of the Director of the Gymnasium at Tobolsk. At 16 he was taken by his mother to St Petersburg to seek higher education. He entered the Pedagogical Institute where his father had also studied. In 1856 he took a degree in chemistry and in 1859 he was sent abroad for two years for further training. He returned to St. Petersburg in 1861 as Professor of Chemistry.
3. In 1869 Mendeleev began to write a great textbook of chemistry, known in its English translation as the "Principles of Chemistry". In compiling this, he tried to find some system of classifying the elements - some sixty in all then known - whose properties he was describing. This led him to formulate the Periodic Law, which earned him lasting international fame. He presented it verbally to the Russian Chemical Society in October 1868 and published it in February 1869.
4. In this paper lie set out clearly his discovery that if the elements are arranged in order of their atomic weights, chemically related elements appear at regular intervals. The greatness of Mendeleev’s achievement lies in the feet that he had discovered a generalization that not only unified аn enormous amount of existing information but pointed the way to further progress.
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