TRANSLATION AND RENDERING SECTION
Task 1.
Read the article «Пять способов выучить английский язык. Какой из них лучше?» and write the gist of the principal ideas in FLL.
ПЯТЬ СПОСОБОВ ВЫУЧИТЬ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ. КАКОЙ ИЗ НИХ ЛУЧШЕ?
Для дела или для удовольствия, но большинству сейчас приходится заниматься английским языком. Но как разобраться во множестве методов, предлагаемых рекламой? Да и трудно ли вообще освоить английский (или другой язык)?
При сравнении с другими народами мы смело можем назвать себя двоечниками: ведь большинство канадцев, швейцарцев, бельгийцев, африканцев наряду с английским или французским свободно говорят кто на немецком, кто на фламандском, кто на итальянском, а кто на суахили. Да и живя в России, люди всех наций овладевают русским - не самым легким из языков! А во многих странах два или даже три языка в ходу на равных, и без любого из них не обойтись в повседневной жизни. Нас сделала "языковыми лентяями" история, но от этого не легче...
Все современные методы обучения направлены на то, чтобы с самого начала освободить учащегося от скованности и боязни общаться на неродном языке. И вес же, как выбрать наилучший метод, если вы хотите (или должны) освоить язык?
Здесь нет универсального ответа, и чудодейственных методов тоже нет. Поэтому для того, чтобы вы сами могли сравнить и выбрать наиболее подходящую для вас методику, расскажем о некоторых из них.
Индивидуальные занятия
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Занятия эти лучше проводить по часу в день один на один с преподавателем, который говорит с вами только наизучаемом языке. По мере необходимости используются телепередачи, видео иаудиозаписи, пресса, литература.
Назначение. Метод идеален для выработки автоматизма в общении. Рекомендуется тем, кто собрался надолго (навсегда) за границу.
Продолжительность. От 20 до 30 часов в неделю, а всего не менее 50 часов. Более четырех недель подряд мало кто выдерживает.
Плюсы. Очень гибкий метод. Возможность заниматься дома в удобное время. Индивидуальные занятия позволяют установить наиболее полное соответствие между предметом изучения и потребностями учащегося.
Минусы. Дорогостоящий метод. Слишком малые усилия со стороны учащегося, на котором преподаватель сосредоточен полностью. Индивидуальный курс не страхует от риска встретиться где-нибудь за границей с менее терпеливым и внимательным собеседником.
Занятия в группе
Возможность заметного прогресса за короткое время благодаря стимулирующему действию группы (6-10 человек). Группа с примерно од! лаковым уровнем подготовки формируйся с помощью тестов. Возможно использование аудио- ивидеоматериалов и прессы.
Назначение. Для любого уровня подготовки и любых целей обучения. Метод хорошо разработан, в частности, для обучения английскому языку технических специалистов.
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Продолжительность. Обычно от 40 до 60 часов в течение двух-трех недель (по 4 часа в день) или же более интенсивный 40-часовой недельный курс.
Плюсы. Дешевле любого другого метода обучения. Работа в группе стимулирует и помогает преодолевать комплексы. Обстановка малой группы обычно помогает учиться легко и с удовольствием.
Минусы. Групповому обучению может помешать различие в индивидуальных темпах усвоения материала. Преодоление этого зависит от педагогического таланта преподавателя.
Лингафонный курс
Это полная изоляция от внешнего мира с помощью наушников. Учитель обращается к вам с магнитофонной ленты, а вы должны повторять за ним и отвечать на вопросы. Исправление ошибок также возможно, если заниматься не дома, а в группе с преподавателем.
Назначение. Как для начинающих, так и для продолжающих изучение языка. Идеален для тех, кто собирается за границу надолго (навсегда).
Продолжительность. Занимаясь по часу в день в течение месяца, можно достичь хороших результатов. Если заниматься дольше, это становится скучным.
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Плюсы. Можно заниматься, не мешая окружающим. В рамках курса легко использовать аудио- и видеоматериалы и прессу, что оживляет занятия.
Минусы. При больших дозах монотонность приводит к снижению эффективности. Средний учащийся не способен быть сосредоточенным более часа, у него притупляется восприятие.
Обучение под гипнозом
Материал усваивается во время искусственного гипнотического сна, то естьбез осознанных усилий. Метод не вполне признан и оценивается критически большинством специалистов
Назначение. Рекомендуется начинающим, склонным к авантюрам.
Продолжительность. Зависит и от учителя, и от ученика (от нескольких часов до нескольких недель).
Плюсы. Возможность быстрого преодоления комплексов, мешающих выражать свои мысли на чужом языке. Добросовестные приверженцы метода указывают на необходимость некоторой подготовки по классическим методам и определенных умственных усилий.
Минусы. Одного гипноза недостаточно. Это не более чем вспомогательное средство. Как всякая "новая игрушка", воспринимается скептически большинством специалистов. Надежнее (и гораздо дешевле!) воспользоваться любым из классических методов.
Суггестопедия
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Это - "игра в театр". Практикуется в группах по 8-14 человек, с преподавателем, имеющим подготовку психолога. Учащийся включает свое воображение, входя в образ, к примеру, своего любимого актера. Задача: обучение в процессе игры и избавление от "тормозов" в развитии устной речи.
Назначение. От нулевого до среднего уровня. Обучение разговорному языку.
Продолжительность. 30 часов в течение одной недели.
Плюсы. Оригинальный метод, позволяющий учиться с удовольствием, избавляясь от комплексов. При хорошей постановке это "сладкое лекарство" для изучающих язык.
Минусы. Имеется риск, связанный с принципом ролевой игры. Трудность состоит в принятии се правил: ошибка ведет к серьезному срыву! От преподавателя требуется высокая квалификация психолога. Все это причины, по которым суггестопедия практикуется очень редко.
статья в журнале "Языкознание", №19, 1995 год, автор Л.Ананьев, кандидат педагогических наук.
LANGUAGES. COUNTRIES. PEOPLE
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
BASIC WORDS
Languages
| Official | approved of or done by someone in authority, especially the government | The official languages of Canada are English and French. |
| Native | the language you spoke when you first learned to speak | Lara's native language is Swedish. |
| Predominant | more powerful, more common, or more easily noticed than others | The predominant part of any mountains is the highest peak. |
| Monolingual | speaking or using only one language | a monolingual dictionary |
| Bilingual | written or spoken in two languages | a bilingual dictionary |
| multilingual | written in several different languages or able to speak several different languages | a multilingual phrasebook covering English, French, German, and Italian |
People
| Ethnic composition | ||
| Majority | most of the people or things in a particular group | The majority of lone parents are divorced or separated women. |
| Minority | a small group of people or things within a much larger group | Gaelic is still spoken in Ireland by a tiny minority. |
| Racial groups | connected with the various races that humans can be divided into | a broad range of racial and ethnic groups |
| Mixed origin | consisting of many different types of origin, race or class from which someone or their family comes | Americans are people of mixed origin. |
| identity | who someone is; someone's name, origin, etc | He was chased and shot by the police in a case of mistaken identity. |
| Nation | a country, considered especially in relation to its people and its social or economic structure | the President's radio broadcast to the nation |
| Nationality | the legal right of belonging to a particular country | people of the same nationality |
| International | connected with or involving more than one nation | an international conference |
| Multinational | involving people from several countries | a multinational force sponsored by the UN |
| To come from | to have started, been produced or first existed in a particular place, thing or time | Where do you come from originally? |
| To be inhabited by | if animals or people inhabit an area or place, they live there | The island is mainly inhabited by sheep |
| nationalism | the belief that your own country is better than any other country | the rise of nationalism in Eastern Europe |
| native | your native country, town etc is the place where you were born | They never saw their native land again. |
| Political life | ||
| A federal republic | a federal country or system of government consists of a group of states which have their own government to decide their own affairs, and are controlled by a single national government which makes decisions on foreign affairs, defense etc | Switzerland is a federal republic. |
| a sovereign state | a sovereign country or state is independent and governs itself | The UN was designed as an association of sovereign states. |
| A (constitutional) monarchy | the system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen | Britain is a constitutional monarchy. |
| A presidential republic | a country governed by elected representatives of the people, and led by a president, not a king or queen | |
| amendment | a written change or improvement to a law or document, or the process of doing this | an amendment to the resolution |
| congress | the group of people chosen or elected to make the laws in countries | The President has lost the support of Congress. |
| Commonwealth | an organization of about 50 countries that were once part of the British empire and which are now connected politically and economically | A Commonwealth of Nations was at last reorganized. |
| dictator | a ruler who has complete power over a country, especially when their power has been gained by force | a real little dictator |
| democracy | a system of government in which everyone in the country can vote to elect its members | |
| executive | the part of a government that is responsible for making sure that new laws and other decisions are done in the way they have been planned | The executive brunch is presented by the Parliament. |
| government | the group of people who govern a country or state | The new military government does not have popular support. |
| governor | the person in charge of governing a country that is under the political control of another country | |
| illegal | not allowed by the law | They were caught selling illegal drugs. |
| immigrant | someone who comes from abroad to live permanently in another country | France is full of immigrants and this is a vital problem nowadays. |
| judicial | connected with a court of law, judges, or their decisions | the judicial system |
| justice | fairness in the way people are treated | Sometimes I wonder if there's any justice in this world. |
| legal | allowed, ordered, or approved by law | He had twice the legal limit of alcohol in his bloodstream. |
| legislate | to make a law about something | There are plans to legislate against computer-related crime. |
| legislative | a legislative institution has the power to make laws | a legislative assembly |
| majority | most of the people or things in a particular group | The majority of lone parents are divorced or separated women. |
| migrant | someone who goes to another area or country, especially in order to find work | migrant workers in the depression of the 1930s |
| migrate | if birds or animals migrate, they travel from one part of the world to another, especially in the autumn and spring | People often migrate from towns to cities to find a better job. |
| patriot | someone who loves their country and is willing to defend it | Mr Bush praised Weinburger as `a true American patriot'. |
| political party | Left-wings political parties | |
| president | the official leader of a country | President Kennedy |
| representative | a person who has been chosen to speak, vote, or make decisions for someone else | an elected representative of the people |
| republic | a country governed by elected representatives of the people, and led by a president, not a king or queen | A federal republic |
| senate | one of the two parts of the government that has the power to make laws, in countries such as the US, Australia, and France, which is smaller than the other part but has a higher rank | The Senate may veto this year's spending bill. |
| veto | a refusal to give official permission for something, or the right to refuse to give such permission | There is the threat of a presidential veto on this legislation. |
Countries
| Economical geography | ||
| agriculture | the practice or science of farming | Developed agriculture |
| area | a particular part of a country, town etc | Many areas of Africa have suffered severe drought this year. |
| beach | an area of sand or small stones next to the sea or a lake | It was a hot day, and the beach was already crowded with people. |
| border | the official line that separates two countries, or the area close to this line | The town lies on the border between the US and Mexico. |
| borderland | the land near the border between two countries | Strict borderland |
| boundary | the official line that marks the edge of a town, country etc | the boundary between the US and Canada |
| capital | an important town or city where the central government of a country, state etc is | Albany is the capital of New York State. |
| city | a large important town, especially one with a cathedral | New York City |
| community | a group of people who share the same nationality or religion or who are similar in another way | There are many different ethnic communities living in New York. |
| county | an area of Great Britain, the US and some other countries that contains several towns that are governed together | British county |
| developed | a rich industrial country, nation etc with a lot of business activity | a study of farming methods used in developed countries |
| developing | a poor country that is trying to increase its industry and improve trade | One of the basic needs in many developing countries is water. |
| district | a particular area of a town or the countryside | a semi-detached house in a pleasant suburban district |
| global | affecting or including the whole world | AIDS is a global problem which needs a global response. |
| industrialized | having a lot of factories, mines, industrial companies etc | the industrialized nations of the West |
| international | connected with or involving more than one nation | an international conference |
| industry | the production of goods, especially in factories | a decline in manufacturing industry |
| manufacturing | the process or business of producing goods in factories | Thousands of jobs had been lost in manufacturing. |
| metropolitan | connected with or belonging to a very large city | the Los Angeles metropolitan area |
| migration | the movement from one place to another of a large group of people, birds, animals etc | the great migrations to America of the 19th century |
| mobility | the ability to move easily from one job, place to live, or social class to another | In America, social mobility is an everyday reality. |
| population | the number of people living in a particular area, country etc | a city with a population of over two million |
| province | also Province [countable] one of the large areas into which some countries are divided | Sichuan is China's most populous province. |
| region | a fairly large area of a country or of the world, usually without exact limits | The invaders occupied important coastal regions |
| resource | something such as land, minerals, or natural energy that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth | Canada's vast mineral resources |
| revolution | a complete change in ways of thinking, methods of working etc | Computer technology has caused a revolution in business practices. |
| rotation | the action of turning around a fixed point | the rotation of the Earth on its axis |
| rural | happening in or connected with the countryside, not the city | a peaceful rural setting |
| settlement | a group of houses and buildings where people live, in an area where no group lived before | Wrangell is Alaska's second oldest settlement. |
| status | the legal position or condition of a person, group, country etc | What is her immigration status? |
| technology | knowledge about scientific or industrial methods or the use of these methods | nuclear technology |
| trade | the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods within a country or between countries | There has been a marked increase in trade between East and West. |
| urban | connected with a town or city | the urban population |
| industrialized | having a lot of factories, mines, industrial companies etc | the industrialized nations of the West |
| Steel | strong metal that can be shaped easily, consisting of iron and carbon | A bridge made of steel |
| Metal | a hard, usually shiny substance such as iron, gold, or steel | The frame is made of metal. |
| Vehicles | a thing such as a car, bus etc that is used for carrying people or things from one place to another | “Is this your vehicle, sir?” asked the policeman. |
| Shipbuilding | a company that makes ships | |
| Shipping | the delivery of goods, especially by ship | |
| Banking | the business of a bank | the international banking system |
| Insurance | an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, such as an illness or an accident | health insurance |
| Textiles | a word used mainly in business for woven material that is made in large quantities | Their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton. |
| Chemicals | a substance used in chemistry or produced by chemistry | |
| Electronics | the industry connected with making electronic equipment | |
| machinery | machines, especially large ones | agricultural machinery |
| corn | grains of plants such as wheat, barley, and oats or their seeds | |
| Grains | the seeds of crops such as corn, wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food, or these crops themselves | |
| Vegetables | a plant such as a cabbage, carrot, or potato which is eaten raw or cooked and is usually not sweet | vegetable oil |
| Sugar beets | a vegetable that grows under the ground from which sugar is obtained | |
| Fruits | failing to achieve what was wanted, especially after much effort | a fruitless attempt to settle the dispute |
| Mineral resources | ||
| coal | a black mineral which is dug from the earth and burnt to produce heat | Bring in some coal for the fire. |
| Oil | a smooth thick mineral liquid that is burned to produce heat, or used to make machines run easily | Check the oil level in your car every week. |
| Gas | a substance like air, which is not solid or liquid, and usually cannot be seen | hydrogen gas |
| Tin | a soft white metal that is often used to cover and protect iron and steel | a tin box |
| Iron | a common hard metal that is used to make steel, is magnetic and is found in very small quantities in food and blood | There were huge iron gates in front of the mansion. |
| Lead | a soft heavy easily melted greyish-blue metal, used for water pipes, covering roofs etc | lead piping |
| Copper | a reddish-brown metal used for making wire | |
| Gold | a valuable soft yellow metal that is an element (=simple substance) and is used for making coins, jewellery etc | |
| Nickel | a hard silver-white metal that is an element (=a simple substance) and is used in the production of other metals | |
| Silver | a shiny, whitish, valuable metal that is used to make jewellery, knives, coins etc, and is a chemical element | |
| phosphates | one of the various forms of a salt1 (1) of phosphorus, widely used in industry | |
| Physical geography | the study of the Earth's surface and of its rivers, mountains etc rather than of the countries it is divided into | |
| land | the solid dry part of the Earth's surface | After 21 days at sea we sighted land. |
| climate | the typical weather conditions in a particular area | Los Angeles' warm, dry climate |
| coast | the area where the land meets the sea | We drove along the Pacific coast to Seattle. |
| continent | a large mass of land surrounded by sea | the continents of Asia and Africa |
| deforestation | the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area | |
| density | the degree to which an area is filled with things or people | population density |
| distance | the amount of space between two places or things | Sylvia could only run a short distance without getting out of breath. |
| distribution | the way in which people, buildings etc are arranged over a large area | population distribution |
| ecosystem | all the animals and plants in a particular area, and the way in which they are related to each other and to their environment | |
| environment | the air, water, and land in which people, animals, and plants live | More legislation is needed to protect the environment. |
| equator | an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the Earth that is exactly the same distance from the North Pole and the South Pole | |
| land | the solid dry part of the Earth's surface | After 21 days at sea we sighted land. |
| Mainland | the main area of land that forms a country, as compared to islands near it that are also part of that country | a ferry service between the islands and the mainland |
| Inland | an inland area, city etc is not near the coast | |
| isle | a word for an island, used in poetry or in names of islands | the Sicily Isles |
| Peninsula | a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a large mass of land | |
| Archipelago | a group of small islands and the large area of sea around them | |
| Farmland | land used for farming | |
| Grassland | a large area of land covered with wild grass | |
| foreland | knowledge that something is going to happen before it actually does | The senator denied having any foreknowledge of the affair. |
| Flora | all the plants of a particular place or country | the flora of the Alps |
| fauna | all the animals living in a particular area or period in history | |
| location | a particular place or position, especially in relation to other areas, buildings etc | Could you give me your precise location? |
| Frontier | an area where people have never lived before, that not much is known about, especially in the western US before the 20th century | the settlement of the Oklahoma frontier |
| To be bounded by | if a country or area of land is bounded by something such as a wall, river etc it has the wall etc at its edge | a yard bounded by a rusty fence |
| To stretch from…to | to make something bigger or looser by pulling it, or to become bigger or looser as a result of being pulled | My big, blue sweater has stretched completely out of shape. |
| To occupy | to live or stay in a place | The Jackson family have occupied this apartment for the past six months. |
| To be separated by | if something separates two places or two things, it is between them so that they are not touching each other or connected with each other | The two towns are separated by a river. |
| To extend | to continue for a particular distance or over a particular area | The River Nile extends as far as Lake Victoria. |
| To comprise | to consist of particular parts, groups etc | The house comprises 2 bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. |
| hill | an area of land that is higher than the land around it, like a mountain but smaller | |
| Peak | the sharply pointed top of a mountain | peaks covered with snow all the year round |
| Plateau | a large area of flat land that is higher than the land around it | |
| Highland | from or about an area with a lot of mountains | workers in highland Ecuador |
| Lowland | an area of land that is lower than the land around it | the Scottish lowlands |
| (extinct) volcano | a mountain with a large hole at the top, through which hot rocks, lava, and ash sometimes rise into the air from inside the earth | Pompeii was destroyed when the volcano erupted in 79AD. |
| Water areas | ||
| lake | a large area of water surrounded by land | Lake Michigan |
| Pond | a small area of still water, especially one that has been artificially made | a duck pond |
| Swamp | land that is always very wet or slightly covered with water | |
| River | a natural and continuous flow of water in a long line across a country into the sea | the Mississippi River |
| Stream | a natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river | a mountain stream |
| Ocean | the great mass of salt water that covers most of the Earth's surface | She stood on the beach, gazing at the ocean. |
| Gulf | a large area of sea partly enclosed by land | the Gulf of Mexico |
| Channel | a passage that water or other liquids flow along | an irrigation channel |
| Canal | a passage dug out of the ground, either to connect two areas of water so boats can travel between them, or to bring or remove water from somewhere | the Panama Canal |
| Bay | an area of the sea that curves inwards towards the land | I had a view across the bay to white sand and pine trees. |
| Tide | the regular rising and lowering of the level of the sea | driftwood on the beach, brought in by the tide |
| iceberg | a very large mass of ice floating in the sea, most of which is under the surface of the water | |
| waterfall | water that falls straight down over a cliff or big rock | |
| glacier | a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley | |
| current | a continuous movement of water in a particular direction in the sea or in a river | The current was very strong. |
| coastline | the land on the edge of the coast, especially the shape of this land as seen from the air | rocky coastline |
| To be washed by | ||
| To flow from | to come from a particular idea, place, or person | the political wrangle that has flowed from this decision |
| To drain from | to make the water or liquid flow away from something | Brad drained all the oil from the engine. |
| relief | a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened | I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness. |
| Plain | a large area of flat dry land | the vast plains of central China |
| Cavity | a hole or space inside something | |
| canyon | a deep valley with very steep sides of rock that usually has a river running through it | |
| national park | an area of natural, historical, or scientific interest which is kept and protected by a government for people to visit | Yosemite National Park |
| Prime Meridian | the imaginary line drawn from north to south on the earth, from which east and west are measured in degrees on a map | |
| rain forest | a tropical forest with tall trees that are very close together, growing in an area where it rains a lot | environmental groups campaigning against the destruction of the rain forest |
| south | the direction that is at the bottom of a map of the world, below the equator, and is on the right of someone facing the rising sun | I'm lost; which direction is South? |
| temperate | a type of weather or a part of the world that is never very hot or very cold | the temperate zone, north and south of the tropics |
| tropic | one of the two imaginary lines around the world, either the Tropic of Cancer which is 23¼º north of the equator, or the Tropic of Capricorn which is 23¼º south of the equator | |
| tropical | coming from or existing in the hottest parts of the world | the tropical rain forests |
| time zone | one of the 24 areas that the world is divided into, each of which has its own time | |
| west | the western part of the world and the people that live there, especially Western Europe and North America |
IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS
1. within a stone’s throw of…
2. up hill and down dale
3. to go West
4. at the end of the world/ earth
5. to take a French leave
6. a drop in the ocean/in the bucket
7. to be a Dutchman.
8. to bring smb back ( or down) to earth
PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
1. Every country has its customs.
2. So many countries, so many customs.
3. Rome was not built in one day.
4. When at Rome, do as the Romans do.
5. East is East, West is West.
6. The Dutch have taken Holland.
7. Every bird likes its own nest best.
8. Dry bread at home is better than roast meat abroad.
9. A great ship asks a deep water.
10. A land flowing with milk and honey.
CULTURE WORDS
The Stonehenge, the English Channel, Channel Tunnel, the Commonwealth, Greenwich, Wall Street, Uncle Sam, John Bull, Millennium Dome.
VOCABULARY WORK
Exercise 1.
Look up the English equivalents for the following Russian words and word combinations.
Растительность, исполнительная власть, часовой пояс, правительство, опустынивание, законодательная власть, континент, судебная власть, нефть, машиностроение, мигрировать, представитель, страхование, политическая партия, право, запрет, сенат, доминирующий язык, регион, национализм, провинция, индустриализация, принадлежность, развитый, президентская республика, сельское хозяйство, поправка, диктатор, район, развивающийся, сообщество, конституционная монархия, официальный язык.
Exercise 2.
the following examples illustrating the proper use of idioms and expressions. Render the sentences into Russian paying special attention to the translation of the italicized phrases.
1. The House is aware that experiments in this direction have already been made, with conspicuous success, but such experiments are but a drop in the bucket. (J. Galsworthy. The Silver Spoon.)
2. Then, in the midst of this grave, rather transparent, explanation of changed policy, his eyes twinkled. “This’ll astonish Timothy’s weak nerves. That precious young thong will have something to say about this, or I’m a Dutchman! (J. Galsworthy. The Man of Property)
3. In his exuberance, he hardly noticed that the grave expression on the solicitor’s face had not altered. But the latter’s words brought him down to earth with a bump. (A. Christie. The Witness for the Prosecution)
4. “You are too kind,” he said in his most chilling manner. “If you had let me know that you wanted to speak to me I would have called on you.” Seeing that he evidently wished her at the end of the earth, Gemma hastened to state her business. (E.Voynich. The Gadfly)
5. “If I get out of this safely”, he said to himself, “this is the end. I am going West, and going into some other line of business.” (Th. Dreiser. The Financier)
Exercise 3.
Match the Russian expressions on the left with their English equivalents on the right.
| 1. уйти не прощаясь 2. открыл Америку, называется 3. встреча на Эльбе 4. в лес со своими дровами 5. что ни город, то норов 6. всяк кулик свое болото хвалит 7. свой хлеб сытнее чужих пирогов 8. капля в море 9. большому кораблю – большое плавание 10. все пути ведут в Рим 11. у черта на куличках 12. молочные реки кисельные берега | a) to carry coals to Newcastle b) to take a French leave c) The Dutch have taken Holland d) link up on the Elbe e) a drop in the ocean f) a great ship asks a deep water g) a land flowing with milk and honey h) all roads lead to Rome i) at the end of the earth j) every country has its customs k) every bird likes its own nest best l) dry bread at home is better than roast meat abroad |
Exercise 4.
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