Ый вариант контрольного задания
Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите в них сказуемые в страдательном залоге, подчеркните их и определите их видовременную форму. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The old beds of rivers and lakes are densely populated with ducks, snipe and gulls. 2. The zone is also being energetically settled with improved American mink. 3. The systematic study of animals was encouraged by Aristotle’s extensive descriptions of living things. 4. Food will be grown with fewer fertilizers, which means the soil will be healthier.
2. Выберите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Перепишите эти предложения и переведите их письменно на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.
1. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. 2. About 270 kinds of snakes have venom that is harmful to fatal to human beings. 3. The male has to keep the chick alive until the weather improves and the female returns from the sea with food. 4. This may take a few days or even a week.
Перепишите следующие предложения и письменно переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов one, it, that.
1. The overall picture is no less bleak than the one described four years ago. 2. It is the damage being caused to the ozone layer that is worrying people. 3. One has to get out of the warm house and spend long hours in the freezing cold to learn about winter life.
4. Перепишите следующие сложные предложения. Найдите в них бессоюзные придаточные предложения, подчеркните их. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Poisonous snakes people are afraid of the most inject venom through their fangs when they bite. 2. Scientists have long warned animals and plants are disappearing at an alarming rate.
Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите в них инфинитив глагола, подчеркните его. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
|
|
|
1. James Cook became the first European to sight and explore Australia’s fertile east coast. 2. Ocean mammals’ lungs are designed to collapse progressively with increased pressure. 3. The males and the chicks stand close together in big groups to protect themselves from the icy winds and storms. 4. To install antipollution equipment is to take care of our health and the health of future generations.
Прочтите без словаря и постарайтесь понять нижеследующий текст.
Order Cetacea – Whales and Dolphins
1. More than 50 million years ago three was an amazing group of hooved-predators called the mesonychids. They were members of the Condylarthra (the first ungulates, abundant in the Palaeocene and Eocene, 65-38 million years ago) which evolved from small insectivores, and probably gave rise to all later ungulates. Today, the idea of a hooved-predator seems a contradiction in terms, but the early mammalian predatory niche was occupied by the hooved descendents of these early herbivores. However, with the evolution of modern carnivores these mesonychids became extinct, but they bequeathed one remarkable line of decent: the whales. Early, otter-like mesonychids became progressively more aquatic, perhaps escaping competition from new land predators. In the early Eocene, 50 million years ago, Pakicetus was about 1,8 m long, could not dive deep or hear well when submerged, but it was one of the first now extinct first whale suborder, the Archaeoceti. Today’s suborders, Mysticeti (baleen whales) and Odontoceti (toothed whales) arose from the Archaeoceti and replaced it in the Oligocene.
2. Whales and dolphins are the apogee of mammalian adaptation to an aquatic lifestyle. With their system of tail-fluke propulsion, reduced forelimbs, absent hindlimbs, complex communication and use of echolocation, they are as adept under water as are fish, except for their need to surface for air. Nonetheless, even that constraint is reduced by their marvelously efficient breathing system: they use about 10% of the oxygen they breathe in, in contrast to about 4% used by terrestrial mammals. Whales and dolphins are characteristically large, and usually give birth to only a single young.
|
|
|
3. Cetacea have been hunted for many centuries and provide many useful products. Last century the first signs of over hunting appeared (with respect to sperm whaling). In belated response to this the International Whaling Commission was set up in 1946, at that time protecting right whales, grey whales and humpbacks in the Antarctic. However, this was largely ineffective until in 1982 a ban on all commercial whaling was agreed upon, to take effect in 1986.
4.Another problem is that many of the small Cetaceans are caught incidentally in fishing nets – the notorious capture of several species of dolphins in the tuna purse-seine fishery in the eastern tropical Pacific is a major example, but dolphins are caught in all kinds of nets all over the world. Increased boat traffic, pollution (e.g. heavy metals, pesticide and agro-chemical residues and oil) along with competition with Man for krill are all threats.
5. There are two modern suborders, Odontoceti and Mysticeti, which together include 9 families. The Cetacea include 150 extinct genera, 38 modern genera with 76 modern species. Today, 31 species from 20 genera and seven families of Cetacea are represented in Europe. Of the mysticetes these are the Balaenopteridae and Balaenidae. Of the odontocetes they are the Delphinidae, Phocoenidae, Monodontidae Physeteridae and Ziphiidae. The mysticetes together with the Physeteridae are referred to as the great whales.
7. Составьте письменно на русском языке план текста, озаглавив назывными предложениями каждый абзац.
Образец: 1. Описание растения. 2. Способы размножения. 3. Территория распространения. 4. Целебные свойства.
Составьте письменно реферат текста на русском языке, используя для этого свой план.
|
|
|
9. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующий текст:
Above the Salt
From an unexpected source comes a glimpse of what could be subsurface oceans on two of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. The Galileo spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter since December 1995 and has amassed an impressive set of data, some of which show that Europa and Callisto have no internal magnetic field. But both of these satellites do perturb Jupiter’s own magnetic field as they pass through it. Khurana et.al. explain this as a result of induced magnetic fields. This implies the presence of a conducting layer beneath the surfaces of the moons, best explained by the presence of salt water oceans just beneath the surface.
Дата добавления: 2018-06-27; просмотров: 214; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!