Ой вариант контрольного задания
Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите в них сказуемые в страдательном залоге, подчеркните их и определите их видовременную форму. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Like cats owners, many scientists are intrigued by the cat’s behaviour and physical features. 2. Many experiments have been carried out to discover how birds find their way. 3. Land plants will be also badly affected and food chains in terrestrial habitats will be broken by high levels of ultraviolet radiation. 4. Special attention is being paid to the reproduction of the animal world.
2. Выберите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Перепишите эти предложения и переведите их письменно на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.
1. Cats may suffer from serious diseases. 2. There should be stricter laws on how people treat animals. 3. We know that ozone is formed when ultraviolet radiation splits up diatomic oxygen. 4. Social insects are like humans, they can only survive in communities such as anthills.
Перепишите следующие предложения и письменно переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов one, it, that.
1. When one looks across the snow-bound wasteland, it seems completely lifeless. 2. It is this type of oxygen (diatomic) that we need to breathe. 3. Birds of paradise range in size from that of a crow to that of a sparrow.
4. Перепишите следующие сложные предложения. Найдите в них бессоюзные придаточные предложения, подчеркните их. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Many people believe the ability of a bird to «talk» depends on the structure of its tongue. 2. The eucalyptus trees wild koalas used to live in have been burned up.
Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите в них инфинитив глагола, подчеркните его. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
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1. To explain everything let me tell you about an incident that occurred a few days ago. 2. The first English ship to visit Australia was the «Cygnet», a pirate ship looking for a place to hide. 3. The buoyancy of marine mammals enables them to sink effortlessly through the water. 4. To attach the cameras to the whales is to know more about their underwater life.
6. Прочтите без словаря и постарайтесь понять нижеследующий текст.
Order Primates – Monkeys, Apes and Man
1. The primates make their first appearance in the fossil in the Cretaceous in the form of Purgatorius, a rat-sized mammal found in the Rocky Mountains. The early primates resembled today’s tree shrews. In Europe, a squirrel-like fossil prosimian, Plesiadapis, was found in the Palaeocene (60 million years ago) deposits of France. Ancestral primates were arboreal, omnivores weighing around 150 g, moving around on all fours and obtaining their food from the ground and in the lower levels of tropical forests. Their ancestry can be traced directly from the Insectivores.
2. Primates are distinguished by their big brains, and tree-dwelling adaptations: 5 flexible digits on each foot, usually with nails not claws, sensitive pads on undersides of fingers and toes – designed for grasping objects with power and precision. They have mobile limbs, foreshortened muzzles and flattened faces, traits which indicate a decline in the importance of smell and increased reliance on vision.
3. Primates breed slowly, and have a long period of parental care, delayed sexual maturity and an extended lifespan. They also have complex societies. They generally eat a high proportion of fruit and foliage and little animal matter. They range in size from 100 g to more than 100 kg. Generally, primates are limited to lower latitudes due to their reliance on fruits, shoots and insects, all of which are scarce in a temperate winter. However, the macaques of Gibraltar are provisioned in winter.
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4. Two families of primate occur in Europe: the Cercopithecidae (Barbary Ape) and the Hominidae (Man). These families are quite closely related; they are both Old World primates, or catarrhines, i.e. they have paired, downwardly directed nostrils, close together, usually only 2 premolars in each jaw, the anterior upper molars always with 4 major cusps (platyrrhines, the New World monkeys, have flat, well-separated, outward facing nostrils, 3 premolars per jaw and 3-4 major cusps in the anterior upper molars). Cercopithecidae first appeared in the Miocene. They all have tails, except for the Barbary Ape, which serve as a balancing organ. The face is generally bare, the palms and soles are naked, and the underparts sparsely haired. The buttock pads are often brightly coloured. The muzzle is elongated, rounded, and usually larger in males. Some genera (including the Barbary Ape) have cheek pouches. The forelimbs are shorter than the hindlimbs, the hands and feet grasping with flattened nails. Cercopithecine monkeys are mostly diurnal, with good sight, hearing and sense of smell and they use many facial expressions in communication.
5. Hominidae are quite similar to Cercopithecidae, though they are more closely related to the great apes (chimps, oranges and gorillas) i.e. Pongidae. Mankind is the only surviving hominid. There are 52 modern genera of primates, 79 extinct genera and 181 modern species.
7. Составьте письменно на русском языке план текста, озаглавив назывными предложениями каждый абзац.
Образец: 1. Описание растения. 2. Способы размножения. 3. Территория распространения. 4. Целебные свойства.
Составьте письменно реферат текста на русском языке, используя для этого свой план.
9. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующий текст:
Triggering Volcanoes
Although both large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are violent manifestations of tectonic plate and mantle motions, they are not generally thought to be closely linked. But after observations that the 1992 Landers earthquake in southern California appeared to trigger seismicity and deformations about 400 km away at the magmatically active Long Valley caldera, Linde and Sacks have examined historical records and find many more eruptions within 750 km of a recent large earthquake than would be expected if there were no linkage. This raises the prospect than monitoring of seismic deformation in a region of active volcanoes could give early warning of an eruption.
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