Якорная стоянка (место или стоянка на якоре). Anchorage
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
| 1. | temporary/permanent anchorage | временная/постоянная якорная стоянка |
| 2. | emergency/safe anchorage | запасная/безопасная якорная стоянка |
| 3. | fair/excellent anchorage | хорошая/отличная якорная стоянка |
| 4. | exposed anchorage | открытая якорная стоянка |
| 5. | sheltered anchorage | защищенная якорная стоянка |
| 6. | prohibited anchorage | запрещенная якорная стоянка |
| 7. | local knowledge | знание местных условий плавания |
| 8. | cable area | зона прокладки (или подводного) кабеля |
| 9. | to seek for shelter | искать укрытие, убежище |
| 10. | to have to anchor | быть вынужденным становиться на якорь |
| 11. | to ride on (to) | стоять на якоре, стоять на приколе |
| 12. | offshore - на некотором расстоянии от берега ( в открытом море ) | |
| 13. | to swing | разворачиваться, маневрировать |
| 14. | heavy swell/ heavy sea | сильное волнение |
| 15. | harbo(u)r | гавань |
| 16. | to afford; to obtain | предоставлять; получать |
| 17. | foul ground | плоходержащий грунт |
| 18. | good holding ground | хорошо держащий грунт |
| 19. | shingle | галька |
| 20. | pebbles | крупная галька |
| 21. | ooze | жидкий ил |
| 22. | stiff mud | плотный ил |
| 23. | clay | глина |
| 24. | fathom | сажень |
| 25. | fine/coarse/hard sand | мелкий/крупный/плотный песок |
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.
Anchorages
Ships may have to anchor at sea when necessary. Sometimes it may be necessary to seek for shelter from bad weather. Sometimes ships may have to anchor near some port waiting for a pilot or a tug. Ships may anchor at places where the depths are sufficient. Anchorages in depths of from 2 m may be afforded by small crafts. Anchorages in depths of not less than 7,5 m can be obtained by vessels of deep draught. It should be mentioned that some anchorages can be found only by vessels with local knowledge.
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Anchorage may be of different kinds. There are temporary, permanent, emergency anchorages. Also they may be safe, excellent, fair, sheltered or exposed to winds. There are usual or special-purpose anchorages such as the man-of-war or quarantine anchorages.
Temporary anchorages are taken by the ships when they need some shelter or protection to avoid heavy weather for a short time.
Permanent anchorages are usually outside or inside the ports when the ship has to wait for a vacant berth, or a pilot, or a tug.
In cable areas anchorage is prohibited and ships should not anchor there.
Before anchoring the captain of a ship must have full information as to the depth, character of bottom, prevailing winds, he must also know bearings from anchorage to some landmarks and so on. This information is usually given in a Pilot book.
Bottom at anchorages may be fine or coarse sand, mud, clay shells, stone, coral and etc. foul ground should be avoided.
At the anchorage the ships may ride to one or two anchors. If the ship is riding to one anchor they say that she is anchored. If she rides to two anchors, they say that she is moored.
Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. At what places may ships anchor? 2. When do the ships seek for shelter? 3. What do we call “temporary” anchorage? 4. What do we call “permanent” anchorage? 5. What information must any captain have before anchoring? 6. Where is anchorage prohibited? 7. In what case do we say that ship is moored? 8. Where may vessels obtain anchorage? 9. What holding ground is good/bad at the anchorage? 10. What is the sufficient depth for shallow-water vessels/deep-draft crafts?
Exercise 4. Read the text of the lesson once more and decide whether these statements are True (T) or False (F).
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1. Anchorages in depths of from 3 m may be afforded by vessels of deep draught.
2. Ships my anchor near some port waiting for a pilot or a tug.
3. Ships should not anchor where the depths are sufficient.
4. Permanent anchorages are sometimes outside the ports when the ships have to wait for a vacant berth.
5. All anchorages can be found only by vessels with local knowledge.
6. Ships may anchor at places where the cable runs.
7. After anchoring the Master of a ship must have full information concerning depths, character of bottom, prevailing winds.
8. Foul ground should be avoided.
Exercise 5. Give equivalents:
· in Russian: safe anchorage, sufficient, coarse sand, shingle, fair anchorage, mud, foul ground, local knowledge, exposed anchorage, swinging, vacant berth, tug, junction, bay, coast, offshore, temporary anchorage, vicinity, bottom, to avoid, heavy (bad) weather;
· in English: становиться на якорь, гавань, пирс, сильное волнение, получить якорную стоянку, суда с большой осадкой, штормовая погода, со знанием местных условий плавания, район прокладки кабеля, предоставить, аварийная якорная стоянка, укрытие, карантинная якорная стоянка, преобладающие ветры, береговой ориентир, пеленг, якорная стоянка для военных кораблей, достаточные глубины, плохо держащий грунт, запрещать, избегать или обходить, относительно характера грунта.
Exercise 6. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
1. A.: Is this anchorage convenient?
В.: I think, it is.
A.: What is the depth here?
В: It is at least 5 fathoms.
2. A: What is about bottom here?
В.: Тhе holding ground is good, mud and sand.
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A.: May we get a good anchorage in this bay?
В.: Of course, you may. It is strictly recommended.
A.: Is it sheltered from all winds?
В.: No, quite so. It is sheltered from western winds only.
Exercise 7. Match the term with its definition.
| term | definition |
| 1. heavy swell | a. a heavy object attached to a vessel by a cable or rope and cast overboard to keep the vessel in place |
| 2. anchor | b. an area away from a coast or a shore |
| 3. off | c. a body of water partially enclosed by land but with a wide mouth, affording access to the sea |
| 4. roadstead | d. a sea in which the waves run high |
| 5. bay | e. a place less enclosed than a harbor where ships may ride at anchor |
Exercise 8. Choose the right variant.
| 1. Anchorage is ______ within 0.2 mile of the cables in Milford Bay | a) prohibits | c) prohibited | ||
| b) prohibiting | d) to prohibit | |||
| 2. Sheltered anchorage can _____, in a depth of 20m, mud, with Bluefield Rock bearing 292°, distant 0.7 mile. | a) obtained | c) afford | ||
| b) be taken | d) given | |||
| 3. These ______ are safe, but the trade winds send in a continuous swell, making lighterage work difficult. | a) anchorage | c) anchoring | ||
| b) anhorages | d) anchorages | |||
| 4. Anchorage is prohibited within 1 mile of the SBM and 0.5 mile of the _______ pipeline. | a) submarine | c) bottom | ||
| b) seawater | d) underwater | |||
| 5. Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 8.2m, good holding ______, about 1 mile SW of Galeota Point. | a) earth | c) ground | ||
| b) land | d) aground | |||
| 6. Vessels can anchor off the SW extremity of the island, but the holding ground is ___ and may not be safe at all times. | a) badly | c) insufficient | ||
| b) poor | d) not enough | |||
| 8. The best anchorage in Tobago may be obtained within King’s Bay, which is sheltered from the ______ winds.
| a) stronger | c) preloaded | ||
| b) weaker | d) prevailing | |||
| 9. There is anchorage, clear of the dangerous _____, 1.5 mile SE of Puerto Limon. | a) racks | c) rags | ||
| b) wrecks | d) rats | |||
| 10. The bottom is soft mud, with excellent ______ ground.
| a) holding | c) taking | ||
| b) keeping | d) hanging |
Exercise 9. Read the following information. The text is full of useful for your specialty terms.
| 1 | tract | полоса, участок, пространство ( земли, леса, воды ) |
| 2 | jetty (jetties) | мол, пристань |
| 3 | quay | причал, набережная; стенка ( для причаливания судов ) |
| 4 | pier | волнолом; дамба, запруда, плотина |
| 5 | wharf | пристань; причал |
| 6 | dike | дамба, плотина |
| 7 | sound | узкий пролив, канал |
| 8 | bight | бухта |
| 9 | pond | искусственный пруд; маленькое озеро |
| 10 | roadstead | рейд |
TWO TYPES OF ANCHORAGE
a. Roadstead. Roadsteads are tracts of water near the coastline. They have good holding ground for anchors and some protection from heavy seas. They may be natural or created by placing breakwaters parallel to the coast.
b. Harbor. Sheltered anchorages in a harbor permit access for lighters. They are close enough to lighterage wharves to permit rapid unloading. In some locations, breakwaters and jetties can extend the area already protected by natural land forms.
A roadstead is a place outside a harbor where a ship can lie at anchor. It is an enclosed area with an opening to the sea, narrower than a bay or gulf. It has a surface that cannot be confused with an estuary. It can be created artificially by jetties or dikes. Natural roadsteads offer shelter from storms and are frequently used for naval bases.
A bay is an area of water surrounded by land. Bays generally have calmer waters than the surrounding sea. Bays also exist as an inlet in a lake or pond. A large bay may be called a gulf, a sea, a sound, or a bight.
A harbor is a place where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter through stormy weather, or else are stored for future use. Harbors can be natural or artificial.
Harbors and ports are often confused with each other. A port is a facility for loading and unloading vessels; ports are usually located in harbors.
Exercise 10.Decipher (расшифровывать) the following abbreviation from English Sea Charts about the quality of bottom.
1. G.Co.Oz.
2. S.Cy.M.
3. St.P.G.
4. bk.St.Sh.Sn.
5. S.f.Sh.
Exercise 11. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Good anchorage may be obtained between two light-buoys. 2. Excellent anchorage may be obtained north-eastward of Frail point. 3. Anchorage sheltered from winds may be obtained in Vagavik. 4. Safe anchorage may be obtained on the eastern side of this cape. 5. Temporary anchorage may be obtained outside the harbor. 6. This anchorage affords shelter during southerly winds. 7. During northerly winds a temporary anchorage provides safety. 8. East bay gives the best anchorage in ordinary summer. 9. There is much room to swing at the anchorage. 10. In the vicinity of a rock 2 feet high southward of this cape there is a certain amount of shelter. 11. Southern winds cause a heavy swell. 12. This anchorage is dangerous with northerly winds. 13. Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of the submarine cables southward of the point A. 14. Port authorities will indicate where to anchor.
Exercise 12. Translate the sentences into English.
l. B этом заливе суда могут укрыться от всех ветров, кроме северо-западного. 2. Судам, идущим в порт, разрешается становиться на якорь западнее того пирса. 3. Грунт на якорном месте - песок с ракушкой. 4. Зимой эта бухта удобна для укрытия от восточных ветров. 5. Глубина на якорном месте 9 м, грунт – песок и камень. 6. На глубине меньше 45 м грунт плохо держит якоря. 7. Лучшее якорное место в заливе находится на рейде к югу от порта 8. Грунт хорошо держит якоря. 9. Эта якорная стоянка защищена от северных ветров. 10. Лучшее якорное место в заливе находится на рейде к югу от порта. 11. При знании местных условий плавания суда могут стать на якорь у входа в гавань. 12. Якорная стоянка запрещена в районе прокладки подводных кабелей. 13. При восточных или южных ветрах может быть сильное волнение (heavy swell or heavy sea). 14. Якорная стоянка имеет много места для маневрирования (разворачивания, to swing).
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