ТЕКСТ №2 What Chemistry is ( Part II )
Прочтитайте Текст № 2, не пользуясь словарем.
Выполните лексические упражнения – 1 Лексические упражнения, используя словарь при необходимости (упр. 1.1.-1.5.).
Прочтите текст еще раз, используя словарь, переведите текст письменно.
Перед выполнением грамматических упражнений – 2 Грамматические упражнения (упр. 2.1.-2.5.) повторите следующий грамматический материал:
1. Видовременные формы группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в активном залоге (Active Voice).
2. Видовременные формы группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в пассивном залоге (Passive Voice).
3. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
What Chemistry is (Part II)
One may see at once that many things we use every day are chemically produced: perfume, cosmetics, dishes, and even food products.
People have already used all these products for various needs.
Many outstanding discoveries had been made by Russian chemists.
Great contributions to this science were made by Russian scientists A. Butlerov, D. Mendeleyev, N. Semenov among them.
Technological progress in the XXI century is closely connected with the science of chemistry.
Russian researchers play an important part in the world science of chemistry and development of all branches of industry.
Many new polymers with valuable properties have been created by chemists.
Many interesting experiments are constantly carried out by Russian and world scientists and as the results of these experiments many new materials will be created. These new materials will be used in construction industry, machine-building, space exploration, textile and others.
Chemists students must know about the contribution of Russian chemists into the world science of chemistry. Their research rapidly developed the science in the XIX century and made the foundation of modern chemical sciences.
Лексические упражнения
1.1. Переведите и запомните следующие слова и словосочетания.
| 1) transformation 2) nature 3) catalysis 4) structure 5) organic (inorganic) chemistry | 6) physics 7) geology 8) biochemistry 9) crystal structure 10) ceramics |
1.2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания без словаря.
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| 1) matter 2) reactivity 3) manufacture (v, n) 4) iron 5) glass | 6) separation 7) substance 8) valuable properties 9) complex bodies 10) subdivision |
1.3. Образуйте множественное число данных существительных (смотри упражнение № 1.3 текст №1).
Change, transformation, property, body, chemist, industry, century.
1.4. Образуйте прилагательные от данных существительных, выделите суффиксы прилагательных, используйте словарь при необходимости (смотри упражнение № 1.4. текст №1).
Change, nature, structure, chemistry, physics, description, theory, separation, synthesis.
1.5. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов, выделите суффиксы существительных, используйте словарь при необходимости.
To investigate, to discuss, to transform, to react, to subdivide, to separate, to connect, to create.
Грамматические упражнения
2.1. Найдите в тексте предложения в Present Perfect Tense (Active Voice), измените его по видовременным формам группы Perfect (Past, Future).
Model:
Chemists have introduced many new methods of diagnosis into medicine (Present Perfect)- исходное предложение .
Chemists had introduced many new methods of diagnosis into medicine (Past Perfect).
Chemists will have introduced many new methods of diagnosis into medicine (Future Perfect).
2.2. Внесите необходимые изменения в предложение – Chemists have introduced many new methods of diagnosis into medicine –, изменив сказуемое данного предложения в пассивный залог прошедшего (Past Perfect Passive) и будущего (Future Perfect Passive) времени.
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2.3. Найдите в тексте предложения с модальными глаголами, замените в каждом предложении модальный глагол на его эквивалент:
| can – | be able to | |
| may – | be allowed to | |
| must – | be to, have to |
Model :
Now chemists can produce more artificial materials for everyday use.
Now chemists are able to produce more artificial materials for everyday use.
People may use chemically made products in everyday life.
People are allowed to use chemically made products in everyday life.
Chemists must take care ofthe environment during the production of new materials.
Chemists have to take care ofthe environment during the production of new materials.
Chemists are to take care of the environment during the production of new materials.
2.4. Найдите в тексте предложения с модальными глаголами, преобразуйте данные предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную (общий вопрос) формы.
Model:
Chemists cannot (can`t) produce more artificial materials for everyday use?
Can chemists produce more artificial materials for everyday use?
People may not use chemically made products in everyday life.
May people use chemically made products in everyday life?
Chemists must not take care of the environment during the production of new materials.
Must chemists take care of the environment during the production of new materials?
2.5. Найдите в тексте предложение, сказуемое которого выражено глаголом действия в Present Simple, измените данное предложение по следующим видовременным формам: Progressive (Present, Past, Future), Perfect (Present, Past, Future).
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2.6. Найдите в тексте все предложения в Passive Voice, определите видовременную форму сказуемых в данных предложениях.
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