III. FIBRILLATION AND DENERVATION HYPERSENSITIVITY
The denervation of a skeletal muscle (lower motor neuron lesion) causes fibrillation with flaccid paralysis and denervation hypersensitivity.
Fibrillation
Fibrillation means fine irregular contractions of individual muscle fibers.
Denervation Hypersensitivity
After denervation, the muscle becomes highly sensitive to acetylcholine released from neuro-muscular junction. This is called denervation hypersensitivity.
IV. MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
In this disease, grave weakness of the muscle occurs. This is due to the inability of neuro-muscular junction to transmit impulses from nerve to the muscle. It is a serious and sometimes a fatal disease.
Cause of Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease. The body develops antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors. These antibodies destroy the acetylcholine receptors. So, though the acetylcholine release is normal, it cannot act because of the destruction of the receptors.
Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis
Because of the defective neuro-muscular activity, the muscular contraction is very slow and weak. Fatigue occurs quickly when the patient attempts repeated muscular contractions.
In severe conditions, there is paralysis of muscles. The patient dies mostly due to the paralysis of respiratory muscles.
EMG APPLICATION IN DENTISTRY DIFFERENT BRANCHES
Local electromyography is used in surgical dentistry at masticatory (chewing) muscles dystrophies and hypertrophies; in stomatoneurology – at traumatic and infectious injuries of nerves of maxillo-facial region; in dentistry of children – for determining the soft palate muscles bioelectrical activity in children under norma and congenital developmental anomalies.
Stimulatory electromyography is used in stomatoneurology and surgical dentistry at face nerve injuries for its conduction and impulses spreading velocity through the nerve determining as well as for the assessment of expression muscles paresis degree.
Interferential electromyography has the biggest spreading in various dentistry branches. For example, it is used in therapeutical dentistry for the registration of masticatory muscles contraction force regulation at parodontites because there are functional-dynamic disturbances of masticatory apparatus at this disease. It is usually performed in parallel with gnatodynamometry for the assessment of mandibular (lower jaw) force during chewing. In surgical dentistry interferential EMG is used at:
– jaws fractures;
|
|
|
– maxillar-facial region inflammatory diseases (phlegmones, abscesses, osteomyelitis);
– during myoplastic operations at expression muscles pareses.
In orthopedic dentistry this method is applied for study of bioelectrical activity of chewing muscles under the condition of complete teeth absence in course of adaptation to the new demountable (removable) dentures. In dentistry of childhood interferential EMG is used for zygomatic and masticatory muscles coordinating correlations reorganization control while bite anomalies treatment.
EMG application in therapeutical dentistry.
EMG investigations are performed at parodontitis for registration the changings of masticatory musculature contractive force regulation because masticatory apparatus functional-dynamic disorders are observed at this widely spread dental disease. It is performed with gnatho-dynamometric probes (mandibule force determining) which allow to know about correlation between muscles excitement intensivity and their force effects. There are disorders of correct alternations of bioelectrical activity and bioelectrical resting periods during mastication in patients with inflammatory-dystrophic parodontitis and with periodontitis.
EMG application in surgical dentistry.
All mentioned below 3 EMG types are applied during operations. Global or interferential one is used at jaws fractures, mandibular-facial region inflammatory processes (phlegmones, abscesses, periostitis, osteomyelitis), during myoplastic operations at tongue and mimic musculature strong paralyses. Local one – at masticatory muscles dystrophies and hypertrophies; in stomato-neurology during mandibular-facial region nerves traumatic and infectious injuries. Stimulational one – in stomato-neurology and surgical dentistry at facial nerve determining for its conductance and excitement velocity distribution determining as well as for mimic musculature paresis degree assessment.
Дата добавления: 2018-02-15; просмотров: 904; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!