Различия между герундием и отглагольным существительным
| Герундий | Отглагольное существительное |
| 1. Не может иметь артикля: I remember meeting in Moscow. - Я помню, как встретил его в Москве. 2. Не может иметь формы множественного числа: I don’t mind your opening the window. - Я не возражаю, если вы откроете окно. 3. Может иметь прямое дополнение: Не began doing his exercises when I left him. - Когда я ушел от него, он начал выполнять упражнения. 4. Может определяться наречием: I don’t like your speaking so loudly. - Я не люблю, когда вы так громко разговариваете. 5. Имеет формы времени и залога: Mother disapproved of her son’s having come so late. - Мать неодобрительно отнеслась к тому, что ее сын пришел так поздно. | 1. Может иметь артикль: The meeting began at 7. - Собрание началось в 7 часов . 2. Может иметь форму мн. числа: All these shuttings and openings of the door disturb me greatly. - Все эти открывания и закрывания дверей страшно мне мешают. 3. Может иметь предложное дополнение: The doing of the exercises didn’t take him long. - Выполнение упражнений не отняло у него много времени. 4. Может определяться прилага-тельным: My attention was attracted by his loud speaking. - Мое внимание было привлечено его громкой речью. 5. Не имеет форм времени и залога. |
Exercise 1. Перестройте предложения по образцу. Переведите их.
Example: It takes a long time to learn a foreign language. –
Learning a foreign language takes a long time.
1. It takes time to adjust to new surroundings.
2. It's forbidden to walk on the grass.
3. It's not very pleasant to be in hospital.
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4. It can be dangerous to lie in the sun at midday.
5. It costs a lot of money to run a car.
6. To know how to drive is useful.
Exercise 2. Закончите предложения, образуя нужную форму герундия от глаголов в скобках.
Example: Our aim is mastering (master) English.
1. Her job is (design) men's clothes. 2. My uncle's hobby is (collect) ancient coins. 3. I think the most tiring occupation is (look) after your neighbour's children. 4. Tom's favourite pastime is (watch) TV. 5. Ned Swanson is an outdoors man. His favourite activities are (hunt) and (fish). 6. Jenkinson was a retired colonel whose chief occupation was (garden). 7. Our manager doesn't allow (smoke) in his office.
Exercise 3. Перестройте предложения, используя герундий от глаголов в скобках.
Examples: Avoid making (make) the same mistake again.
He narrowly escaped being run (run) over.
1. Hurry up! We mustn't risk (miss) the train.
2. Do you enjoy (study)?
3. Would you mind (lock) the door?
4. Has he finished (clean) the car?
5. You mustn't miss (see) such an interesting exhibition.
6. I want to postpone (get) married until next year.
7. Does her job really involve (meet) so many people?
8. I wish you wouldn't keep (interrupt).
9. Susan denied (hit) by her husband.
Exercise 4. Используйте глаголы в скобках в правильной форме и с нужным предлогом. Выполните перевод.
Example:I thanked her for inviting (invite) me for lunch. –
Я поблагодарил ее за приглашение на обед.
1. You can't prevent him (spend) his own money. 2. The cold water didn't stop her (have) a swim. 3. Forgive me (interrupt) you but I must ask you a question. 4. Jim congratulated me (pass) my exams. 5. I warned James (stay) at the hotel near the airport. 6. The teacher accused the boy (pay) little attention to what she had said. 7. Lesley's rather anxious (see) the doctor next week – she thinks it might be something serious. 8. I'm tired (see) the same old faces every day – I need a change! 9. Doctor Green is famous (forget) people's names – I'm surprised he can remember his own! 10. She's fond (ski). 11. I was accustomed (be) the only child at a table full of adults. 12. I'm fed up (read) how women should dress to please men.
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Exercise 5. Используйте глаголы в скобках в правильной форме. Дайте 2 варианта, где это возможно.
Example:She continued talking / to talk (talk) all through the film.
1. She never ceased (complain) about prices.
2. I am beginning (realize) why he acted as he did.
3. We intended (go) to the theatre but we were both ill.
4. Joan has just begun (cook) the dinner.
5. The orchestra is starting (play).
6. I intend (see) him tomorrow.
7. I didn't insist (answer).
8. Where would you recommend me (go) for my holiday?
9. Tom's parents have always encouraged him (study) hard.
Exercise 6. Составьте предложения, используя а) притяжательное местоимение + герундий и б) личное местоимение в объектном падеже + герундий. Сделайте перевод.
Example: Do you mind (I / ask) you a question? –
Do you mind my asking you a question?
Do you mind me asking you a question?
1. They insisted on (we / stay) for dinner with them.
2. Sarah’s parents don’t like (she / go) to bed late.
3. I don’t mind (you / borrow) my car.
4. His parents didn’t approve of (he / stay) out so late.
5. Do you fancy (he / wear) long hair?
6. There’s no point in (you / stay) here any longer.
7. The new job will involve (they / work) overtime.
Exercise 7 . Заполните пропуски предлогами.
1. The girls insisted ___ going out with Jenny. 2. I am looking forward ___ getting married soon. 3. She concentrated ___creating the designs and her husband on printing and merchandising them. 4. The stranger apologized ___ calling late in the evening. 5. It was cool out and Mary felt ___ staying at home. 6. She often complains ___ having nightmares. 7. On a hot summer day, who doesn’t think ___ spending the afternoon with a fishing pole? 8. He was afraid ___ being caught by the police. 9. How many years does it take to be good ___ playing guitar? 10. Have you ever dreamed ___ starting your own business?
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Exercise 8. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.
1. She has always dreamt of living in a small house by the sea. 2. She disliked living in her old house. 3. She was thinking of buying a new one. 4. Now, she enjoys living in a beautiful new house. 5. She misses seeing the neighbours, of course. 6. She enjoyed talking to them and didn't mind helping them usually. 7. She likes cooking and is very good at it. 8. But she doesn't like washing and ironing. 9. She hates getting up early, but she has to. 10. She doesn't mind working a lot, you know.
Exercise 9. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.
1. She enjoys driving an expensive car. 2. She has always dreamt of travelling round the world. 3. But she hates flying and she's never been overseas. 4. She has risen to be head of the company in spite of being a woman in a man's world. 5. She loves meeting people because she can't bear being alone. 6. She loves talking to the press and appearing on TV shows. 7. She enjoys being photographed because she thinks she's beautiful. 8. She hates being laughed at. 9. She likes being stared at because she thinks she's attractive. 10. But she hates being ignored.
Exercise 10. Прочитайте рассказ. Выпишите из него предложения с герундием. Объясните, какую функцию выполняет герундий в каждом предложении.
One Man in a Boat
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Fishing is my favourite sport. Every Sunday I go fishing. I begin fishing at 7 o’clock in the morning and finish fishing at 6 o’clock in the evening. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But it does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of fishing fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. Some fishermen are very impatient. They can’t stand sitting and waiting for a long time without saying a word. I enjoy spending my time near water. But I am even less lucky. I never catch anything – not even old boots. After having spent whole days on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. Everybody laughs on seeing me with this empty bag. “You must give up fishing!” my friends say. “It’s a waste of time.” “It’s no use going to the river with a fishing rod,” says my wife. She always looks forward to getting some fresh fish. But they don’t realize one thing. I’m not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! Though sometimes I dream of becoming a lucky fisherman.
Библиографический список
1. Агабекян И.П. Деловой английский / И.П. Агабекян. – Изд. 6-е. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2009. – 317, [1] с. – (Высшее образование).
2. Английский язык для инженеров: учеб. / Т.Ю. Полякова, Е.В. Синявская, О.И. Тынкова, Э.С. Улановская. – 6-е изд., испр. – М.: Высш. Шк., 2003. – 463 с.
3. Блинова С.И. Практика английского языка. Сборник упражнений по грамматике / С.И. Блинова, Е.П. Чарекова, Г.С. Чернышева, Е.И. Синицкая. – СПб.: «Издательство Союз», 2000. – 384 с.
4. http://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/grammar/
5. http://englishgrammarliterature.blogspot.com/
6. http://www.answers.com/topic/grammar
7. http://www.lexilogos.com/english/english_modern_late.htm
8. http://ulpan.technion.ac.il/technical_english.htm
9. http://frenglish.ru/18-eng-longman-everyday-technical-english.html
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Unit 1. Глаголы to be, to have, to do...…………………...……...……..…3
Unit 2. Конструкция there is / there are………………………...…….…14
Unit 3. Артикли ……………………..…...………………..…….……....19
Unit 4. Имя существительное…………..……......……………….….….28
Unit 5. Времена ……………………...…………..…………………..…..35
Unit 6. Модальные глаголы……………………………..………..…..…74
Unit 7. Местоимения……………………………………………........….96
Unit 8. Имя прилагательное………………………......………...…..…126
Unit 9. Наречие………………………………………...……...…..…....134
Unit 10. Числительные…………………………………………………138
Unit 11. Предлоги………………………………………..…..…………145
Unit 12. Типы вопросов…………………………...…...……...…..…...152
Unit 13. Страдательный залог…………………………………....……159
Unit 14. Косвенная речь…………………………………………..……167
Unit 15. Инфинитив…………………………………...…………….….172
Unit 16. Причастие……………………..............................................…178
Unit 17. Герундий………………………………………………....……186
Библиографический список ………………………………..……...….197
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