I. diploma — degree — certificate — licence — qualifications.
A diploma is often a lower qualification than a degree and may be awarded for a practical or more specialized skill.
E.g. Pat has a degree is maths. I did/took my degree at York. I did a course in hairdressing and gained a diploma.
A certificate is a document marking official recognition of smth.: a birth/marriage/death certificate.
A licence (Am.E.: license) is an official written/printed statement giving permission to do something, usually for a fixed payment and sometimes after a test: a driving licence/a dog licence.
E.g. When did you get your driving license/diploma?
Qualifications: proof of having passed essential exams.
E.g. What qualifications do I need to teach English as a Foreign language?
II. college — university
A university is an institution that awards degrees.
A college is any institution of higher learning, not always leading to a degree; in the UK a university may consist of different colleges; some independent schools use College as part of their title: e.g. Eton College.
E.g. Ann’s at York University .
Our daughter started college last October. Tom’s at college for three years to study engineering.
Ann’s going to college next October.
III. professor — teacher
A professor (BrE) has the highest position in a university department, or (AmE), teaches at a university. We address a man as Mr + surname or as Sir, and a woman as Miss/Mrs + surname; we address a professor, male or female, as Professor + surname. A teacher teaches in a school.
E.g. He was Professor of Physics and head of his university department at the age of 26. Mr Jones was a teacher of History before he became a headmaster.
IV. director — manager — headmaster (principal)
A headmaster/headmistress — a man/woman in charge of a school.
Syn.: the head, the headteacher, the principal
E.g. When I was at school, the headmaster always took charge of morning assembly.
A manager is a person who runs part of a business.
A director is someone in charge of a business. We can speak of the director of a language school because it’s a business.
E.g. Jack is very young to be a bank manager/a manager of a supermarket.
It has never been my ambition to be a company director.
V. programme — syllabus — curriculum — program.
A syllabus is set in one subject either by a school or by an examination board.
A curriculum is the general programme in all subjects.
E.g. There is a new syllabus for next year’s Certificate in Advanced English.
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Art isn’t on our school curriculum.
A programme is a sequence of planned activities, or an information booklet.
E.g. What’s your programme for today?
This concert programme (BrE)/program (AmE) is very expensive.
A program is a computer program (BrE/AmE)
E.g. Have you seen Microsoft’s new program?
GETTING STARTED
1. What do you know about the system of higher education in Great Britain?
2. Do you think British universities differ much from those in your country?
ACTIVITY A
SCAN THE TEXT 1
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
DIRECTIONS:
You are going to read the text about the system of higher education in Great Britain. Before you read, look at the sentences below and decide if you think they are true or false.
1. Students of the Open University get their education through the medium of television and radio.
2. Undergraduate courses in British Universities normally take three years of full-time study.
3. The Academic Year starts in October.
4. It is not necessary for pupils going on to higher education to take any qualifications at all.
ACTIVITY B
READING
DIRECTIONS:
Now read.
Higher Education in Great Britain
The UK post-school institutions of higher education are universities, polytechnics and other higher education colleges.
In general, there are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty former polytechnics (now also universities), plus 350 colleges and institutes of higher education (some of which train teachers).
They are divided into three types: the old universities (Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh Universities), the 19th century universities such as London and Manchester universities, and the new universities.
Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take «A» level examinations in two or three subjects. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their «A» level results, although they may interview them as well.
In 1971 the Open University was started. It is a unique institution, which, as its name suggests, is open to all. It is not necessary for students of the Open University to have any previous qualifications. Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students follow its degree courses through the medium of television and radio. The first graduates received their degrees in 1973.
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Besides the Universities there are other institutions such as Polytechnics and Technical Colleges. These tend to offer courses of vocational nature as well as academic courses. Colleges of Education provide training and education for prospective teachers.
Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study, although a number of subjects take longer, including medicine, architecture and foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). They lead in most cases to a Bachelor's degree in Arts or Science. There are various postgraduate degrees, including Master and Doctor of Philosophy. The last two are awarded for research in arts or sciences. It may take any number of years to finish the original research work necessary to get these degrees.
Degrees are awarded either by the institution itself, or by the Council for National Academic Awards, particularly in vocational areas. Students of law, architecture and some other professions can take qualifications awarded by their own professional bodies instead of degrees.
At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses.
Parents with higher incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990 the grant did not have to be paid back, but now a system of loans has been introduced.
The Academic Year has three terms; it starts in October, each term lasting eight weeks at Oxford and Cambridge, or ten weeks at other universities. Students have vocations at Christmas, at Easter, and the so called «Long Vac» in summer.
British universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, size, history, traditions and general organization. The most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge, called «Oxbridge». They are famous for their academic excellence.
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ACTIVITY C
VOCABULARY STUDY
PART I
DIRECTIONS:
Match the synonymous pairs.
| to go on a qualification a scholarship to interview a postgraduate degree to cover the cost training a student of correspondence courses | to inquire a part-time student an academic title preparation a grant to continue to defray the expenses an examination |
PART II
DIRECTIONS:
Match the words from the list with their definitions:
| vocational, graduate, grant, academic, fee, term, tuition, undergraduate, keep, course, degree |
1. - concerning education, esp. in a college or university (adj.)
2. - necessary goods and services, esp. food and lodgings
3. - a title given by a university to a student who has completed a course of study
4. - a set of lessons or studies
5. - a sum of money paid for professional services
6. - instruction or teaching
7. - a person who has completed a university degree course for a first degree
8. - preparing one for a job (adj.)
9. - a student who is doing a university course for a first degree
10. - any of the three periods of time into which the teaching year is divided at schools, universities.
11. - money given esp. by the state for a particular, purpose, such as to a student during a period of study.
PART III
DIRECTIONS:
Translate the sentences into Russian. Be ready to give their back translation.
1. She graduated from Oxford with a first-class degree in physics.
2. She’s a full-time student at the University.
3. I obtained my diploma by correspondence, but it’s none the less valuable for that.
4. Did you pass your history exam?
5. When will you know the exam results?
6. She failed her exams and will have to take them again.
7. In order to become a student one must pass a university entrance examination.
8. When do you take your finals?
9. You’ll be examined in French and German.
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PART IV
DIRECTIONS:
Teacher and its alternatives.
Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
| 1.coach | a. person who trains athletes or animals |
| 2. educationalist | b. person who teachers in a college or university |
| 3. governess | c. person who trains sportsmen and athletes or a student for an exam |
| 4. guru | d. female teacher who lives with a family and educates their children at home |
| 5. instructor | e. private teacher; directing the studies of undergraduates |
| 6. lecturer | f. an expert in educational methods |
| 7.schoolmaster | g. female teacher in a school |
| 8. tutor | h. one who gives information or knowledge or teaches particular skills |
| 9. trainer | i. trusted adviser |
| 10. schoolmistress | j. influential or revered teacher |
| 11. mentor | k. male teacher in a school |
PART V
DIRECTIONS:
Fill in the blanks with the words from Vocabulary Extension.
1. Mr. Brown is a _________ of history at Oxford University.
2. That was a terrible meal; I’m going to complain to the ___________.
3. My husband is a physics ________ at the local school.
4. He is on board of ___________s.
5. I decided to include Mathematics into my college ___________.
ACTIVITY D
READING COMPREHENSION
PART 1
DIRECTIONS:
Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1. It is not necessary for students of the Open University to have any previous qualifications.
2. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their «A» level results.
3. Polytechnics and vocationally oriented schools give higher education.
4. British students do not get grants.
5. It usually takes 5 years to get a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree.
PART II
DIRECTIONS:
Answer the questions:
1. What is necessary to go on to higher education?
2. What types of higher educational establishments are there in the UK?
3. What courses of study are offered by higher education establishments?
4. What is the procedure of awarding degrees?
5. What are the conditions of receiving grants?
6. What are the Oxbridge universities famous for?
PART III
DIRECTIONS:
Translate into English:
1. В университеты принимают студентов в соответствии с результатами сдачи ими экзаменов продвинутого уровня.
2. В открытом университете не нужны формальные результаты.
3. В открытом университете учатся взрослые студенты-вечерники и заочники.
4. Вузы Великобритании подразделяются на следующие типы: университеты (в том числе бывшие политехнические институты), колледжи и институты.
5. Обучение на дневном отделении обычно длится три года и более.
6. Обучение студентов обычно приводит к получению степени бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук.
7. Степень магистра присуждается за исследования в области гуманитарных или естественных наук.
8. Экзамены на присуждение степеней сдаются в вузе, Национальном совете по присуждению ученых степеней или в профессиональных органах.
9. Студенты получают стипендии от местных органов власти, которые обязательно покрывают стоимость обучения и иногда - стоимость проживания.
10. Была введена система займов, и сейчас студенты должны возвратить стипендию.
11. Университеты Оксбриджа известны великолепным качеством обучения.
ACTIVITY E
ORGANIZING YOUR THOUGHTS
PART I
DIRECTIONS:
Working in groups discuss possible answers:
Would you like to be a student of the Open University of Great Britain? Why / why not?
ACTIVITY F
WRITE AND SPEAK
PART I
DIRECTIONS:
Give a summary of the text.
PART II
DIRECTIONS:
Express your opinion:
What are some differences between the educational system in the United Kingdom and the educational system in your country? Read the passage again and then write a paragraph describing some of the main differences.
PART III
DIRECTIONS:
Express your opinion and fill in the following table:
| Britain’s higher education | Belarusian higher education | |
| Pros | ||
| Cons |
ACTIVITY G
LISTENING COMPREHENSION:
PART I
DIRECTIONS:
Listen to the conversation between Helen and Toshi about Allen High School in Britain and then answer the alternative questions below, choosing the right alternative.
1.Are there any course requirements left at Allen High School or are the students allowed to choose all their courses?
2.Does Helen see any advantages in this way of organizing the studies or is her attitude to it negative?
3.Does Toshi like everything about the idea of «free» subject choice or does he see some weak points in it?
4.Did Toshi and Helen find any point they could agree on or did they go on arguing?
Allen High School
Helen: You know, Toshi, I heard that at Allen High School they're allowing students to choose their own courses from now on.
Toshi: Hey, that's great! You mean they're getting rid of course requirements entirely?
H: That's right. If you don't want to take English or math, you don't have to. Can you believe it?
T: What do you mean? I think that's a great idea! I mean, choosing your own courses makes students more motivated so they'll learn and achieve more that way.
H: Oh, I don't think so! I think students will end up taking only fun courses, like music, gym, and art.
T: Oh, come on! Teenagers are old enough to make responsible choices.
H: We'll end up with a country full of people who can't think and don't know anything about history or math or geography...
T: Oh, I don't think so. I mean allowing them to choose their own courses and teachers prepares them to be adults in the real world. I mean, they can't have choices made for them forever.
H: But students need to be told what to study. Forcing them to take subjects like math, science, and foreign language is the only way to get them to try new things.
T: Well, maybe, but if you take courses you don't like, you end up hating school. This way, you'd end up loving school!
H: Mm, I don't know. I disagree.
T: Well, hey! Here's something we can both agree on. There's a free rock concert in the park at eight o'clock tonight...
H: You're right! I'm sick of arguing! Let's go!
PART II
DIRECTIONS:
Express your own opinion:
Do you approve or disapprove the fact that some educational establishments in Great Britain allow students to choose their own courses? Prepare arguments for and against.
ACTIVITY H
SELF-WORK:
PART I
DIRECTIONS:
Study the following topical vocabulary:
compulsory — обязательный
further education— дальнейшее образование (исключая университетское)
primary — начальный
secondary — средний
fee-charging — платный
book-keeping — бухгалтерия
shorthand — стенография
commerce — торговля, коммерция
research— (научная) исследовательская работа
PART II
DIRECTIONS: Now read.
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