How does the doctor check the heartbeat?
Your doctor usually checks your heartbeat in two ways.
Taking your pulse
Your pulse can usually be felt at the wrist just below the level of the bottom of the thumb. Use your forefinger and middle finger of the other hand and gently press on this area - you will feel the pulse beating. Your doctor will check for its speed and consistency.
Using a stethoscope
Your doctor may listen to the heart with a stethoscope.
The sound of the heart is often described as 'lub-dub'. The first heart sound (lub) is caused by the movement of blood through the heart and its vibration. This is due to the valves of the upper chambers closing. The second heart sound (dub) is caused by the same movement of blood, but this time vibrations are linked to the closing of the valves in the lower chambers.
Lexis
Work in pairs. Complete the following sentence from the text above
1. The heart is the .. ……………organ.
2. The heart consists of two ……………
3. Each charmer has the ….... and the ……….
4. The vascular system consists of three groups of vessels:…………..
5. The aortic valve is at the exit of the.…………..
6. The semilunar valve of the pulmonary artery is in the…………………..
7. The mitral valve is for the ………………………
Speaking
Discuss information given above in small groups and describe in short the points below. Think about what you will say and what language you will use.
| Parts of the heart | cardiac cycle |
| Valves of the heart | heartbeat |
| Conduction system of the heart | Checking pulse |
Close up
(be) going to
1. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
a)'I going to carry on singing.'
b) 'I'm definitely not go to forget my real friends.'
c)'What kind of music are you going play?,
*2. Work with a partner. Complete the following situations by answering the questions in italic with your own ideas. Read out one of your completed situations to the class.
a) Last year's holiday was a disaster. What happened?
This year, we've decided to go somewhere else. What are you (not) going to do?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
b) My last exams were a disaster. What happened?
This year, I've decided to prepare for them properly. What are you (not) going to do?
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………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
c) The last party we held was a disaster. What happened?
This time we've decided to prepare it differently. What are you (not) going to do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) My last relationship was a disaster. What happened?
This time I've decided to do things differently. What are you (not) going to do?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Work with a partner. How many decisions have you already made about the rest of today / this week / this month / this year /your life? Use the prompts below and your own ideas to ask and answer questions about the decisions you have made.
| Question | Answer | |||||||
| What Where | are you going to | do go be | after the lesson this evening tomorrow this weekend next summer for the New Year | ? |
| X (You don't know.) ,/ (You know.) | → → | I've no idea. I haven't decided yet. I’m going to |
Future Forms
| Future Simple (Will) | Be Going To | Future Continuous | Future Perfect |
| decisions taken at the moment of speaking(on-the-spot decisions) Since it's getting dark, I'll turn on the light. | actions intended to be performed in the near future She's going to visit her parents tomorrow. | actions in progress at a stated future time He'll be sunbathing in Hawaii this time next week. | actions which will be finished before a stated future time She will have come back by the end of July. Note: by or not... until/till are used with Future Perfect. Until/till are normally used with Future Perfect only in negative sentences. She will have finished by 8 o'clock. (Not:aa+il/til|) She won't have finished until 8 o'clock. |
| hopes, fears, threats,offers, promises, warnings, predictions, requests, comments etc, esp. with: expect,hope, believe, I'm sure, I'm afraid, probably etc. I'm afraid I'll be a little late. | planned actions or intentions Now that they've settled in their new house, they're going to have a party. | actions which are the result of a routine (in- stead of Present Cont.) I’ll be seeing John tomorrow. (We work in the same office so we'll definitely meet.) | |
| actions or predictions which may (not) happen in the future She'll probably buy the dress. (prediction) or actions which we cannot control and will inevitably happen He will be ten next year | evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future Ann is going to have a baby. Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It's going to rain. | when we ask politely about people's arrangements to see if they can do sth for us or because we want to offer to do sth for them Will you be going to the supermarket? Can you buy me some tea? | Future Perfect Cont. duration of an action up to a certain time in the future. By the end of this year she will have been working here for two years. |
| things we are not sure about or haven't decided to do yet She'll probably be promoted. (not sure yet) | things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future He's going to be promoted. (The boss has decided to do it.) | Present Simple (future meaning) timetables/programmes The plane reaches London at 9.45. | Present Continuous (future meaning) fixed arrangement in the near future Sally is seeing her dentist this week. (Sally has fixed an appointment). |
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Grammar 1
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Will - going to
Mr Corona's holiday plans
Mr Corona is from Rome. He works at a factory in Hamburg. His work isn't very interesting, so he's looking forward to his holidays. This year he ……… (take) his holiday early in September: he's lucky because he ………… (get) one day more than last year. He………. (spend) his holidays in Rome, of course, because he wants to see his family again and he ………….(visit) some good friends as well.
He …………(fly) because it's too expensive for him. He ………. (have) to go by train. At least he hopes …………. (be able) to get a seat in the train because the journey ………..(take) almost twenty hours and the train ……… (be) full - so it ………….(not be) a very nice journey.
Future Mix
Put the verbs into the correct form (will, going to, simple present or present progressive).
1. I love London. I……………. (probably / go) there next year.
2. Our train …………………(leave) at 4:47.
3. What…………………. (wear / you) at the party tonight?
4. I haven't made up my mind yet. But I think I ……………(find) something nice in my mum's wardrobe.
5. This is my last day here. I …………(go) back to England tomorrow.
6. Hurry up! The conference ……………..(begin) in 20 minutes.
7. My horoscope says that I ……………(meet) an old friend this week.
8. Look at these big black clouds! It…………….. (rain) .
9. Here is the weather forecast. Tomorrow …………….(be) dry and sunny.
10. What does a blonde say when she sees a banana skin lying just a few metres in front of her? - Oh dear! I……………….. (slip) !
Future Perfect
Make the future perfect. Choose positive, negative or question.
1. (I / leave by six) _______________________________________________
2. (you / finish the report by the deadline?) _____________________________
3. (when / we / do everything?) ______________________________________
4. (she / finish her exams by then, so we can go out for dinner)
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_______________________________________________________________
5. (you / read the book before the next class) ___________________________
6. (she / not / finish work by seven)___________________________________
7. (when / you / complete the work? __________________________________
8. (they / arrive by dinnertime)_______________________________________
9. (we / be in London for three years next week) _______________________
10. (she / get home by lunchtime?) ___________________________________
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Lexis
| Language toolbox | |
| respiratory lateral mediastinum pleura lobe cover capacity vital capacity of the lungs colour layer proper border extend external | shape left infant pale upward above level thin vary heavy serous visceral subserous |
1. Work with a partner and write down any derivatives of the following words
Pattern
| respire | Respiratory, respiration |
| lobe | |
| Dilate | |
| pleura | |
| apex | |
| to pass |
1. Work with a partner. Fill in the missing word from the words below
1. The aorta ........ from the upper part of the left ventricle.
2. The shape of the vessels.. ….. when they dilate.
3. The right lung is ........ than the left one.
4. The lungs are……... with the pleura.
varies, covered, extends, heavier
Reading
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