V. Give synonyms to the following words.
To consist of, following, to keep, to fasten, to convert, to transfer, to be equipped with, to examine, inner surface, high quality, to make, to join, operation.
VI. Give antonyms.
To connect, short, close, top end, cooling, thin, rough, high grade, inside, compression, to prevent, power, to admit, heavy, small-size, double-acting.
VII. Put the proper English equivalents instead of Russian words.
1. The diesel engine (состоит) of the following parts: engine frame and crankcase.
2. The crankcase (сделан) steel.
3. Cylinders are clamped to the frame (при помощи анкерных болтов).
4. (Крышки цилиндра) close the (верхнюю часть) of the cylinders.
5. (Втулка) is a comperatively thin cylinder.
6. (Внутреннее отверстие) is carefully finished (чтобы обеспечить) perfect roundness and uniform diameter.
7. (Обработка) is giving by boring grinding or reaming.
8. (Согласно размеру) the piston (снабжен) compression rings and scraper rings.
9. The correct function of the scraper rings (способствует) to the low lubricating oil (расход).
10. The connecting rod (соединяет) the piston to the crank on the crankshaft.
VIII. Answer the questions.
1. What are the essential parts of a diesel engine?
2. What do a bedplate and a crankcase make and why?
3. How are cylinders clamped to the frame and what are they provided with?
4. What is a cylinder liner?
5. What is fitted in the cylinder head?
6. What rings does a piston have and what are their functions?
7. What is a piston made of?
8. What is the function of a connecting rod?
9. What valves are there in the cylinder cover?
10. What do valves serve for?
11. What are the functions of the camshaft and crankshaft?
12. What material is used to make the engine parts?
IX. Tell about engine parts and their functions.
Вариант 2
I. Прочитайте и переведите текст « Major Running Parts » на русский язык.
Diesel engine major parts are: crankshaft, connecting rod, crosshead, piston rod, piston. Marine Diesel engine crankshafts are usually made of open hearth steel. For large engines it is customary to build up the crankshafts, each pair of webs with its crank pin being forged solid and the web forgings bored and shrunk on the shaft. Standard type of connecting rod has a flanged out rectangular foot which rests on the top crank pin box and to which the box is bolted. It tapers slightly towards the top end and is there forked cut to form a support for the crosshead pin boxes. The rod is drilled through its length to afford a passage for lubricating oil. The marine type crosshead is a forged steel block with wrist pins projecting from the fore and aft sides. The block is bored to receive the end of the piston and the cast steel slipper is secured to the block by through bolts or studs. The piston rod may be solid but in some cases hollow rods are used as a means of getting cooling water or lube oil into and out of the piston. The upper end is formed into a flange for bolting to the upper side of the piston. Pistons in general may be divided into trunk and crosshead types. A typical trunk piston length is slightly more than twice its diameter. The reason is that the piston is required to perform two major functions: to form a gas-tight and movable cylinder end and to transmit side thrust to the stationary part of the engine structure. For the 2-cycle, crosshead type engine the piston is usually made in two parts: the prison proper and the skirt. The use of a long skirt on the piston is necessary to keep the exhaust and scavenging ports closed when the piston is in the upper part of the cylinder. Pistons are cooled by oil or water and for this purpose the upper part of the prison is made in the form of a closed box. In the case of oil cooling the lubricating oil is used. If water cooling is used or if the piston cooling oil is kept separate from the bearing oil, the cooling fluid is led into the piston through a telescopic or knuckle jointed pipe.
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II. Translate English word-combinations into Russian.
Running parts, connecting rod, piston rod, open heart steel, crank pin, rectangular foot, crank
pin box, crosshead pin box, forged steel block, wrist pin, trunk piston, gas-tight piston skirt.
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