UNIT 2. THE INFINITIVE / -ING FORM / PARTICIPLE
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Волгоградский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет
Корниенко О.П. Петий А.А. Локтаева Р.В.
ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
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ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
| Предисловие………………………………………………………. | 3 |
| UNIT 1. Tense forms…………………..………………………….. | 4 |
| UNIT 2. The Infinitive/-ing form/Participles……………………… | 36 |
| UNIT 3. Modal verbs……………………………………………. | 50 |
| UNIT 4. Passive voice …………………………………………….. | 65 |
| UNIT 5. Reported speech…………………………………………. | 79 |
| UNIT 6. Questions/short answers..………..……………………... | 93 |
| UNIT 7. Conditionals..…………………………………………….. | 78 |
| UNIT 8. Adjectives and adverbs….……………………………… | 87 |
| UNIT 9. Prepositions………………………………………………. | 94 |
| Appendix 1………………………………………………………… | 122 |
| Appendix 2………………………………………………………… | 134 |
| Appendix 3………………………………………………………... | 139 |
| Appendix 4………………………………………………………… | |
| Appendix 5…………………………………………………………. | |
| Appendix 6…………………………………………………………. | |
| Appendix 7…………………………………………………………. | |
| Appendix 8…………………………………………………………. | |
| Appendix 9…………………………………………………………. | |
| Библиографический список……………………………………… | 222 |
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
В современных условиях одной из главной составляющей профессиональной компетентности специалиста технического профиля становится практическое владение иностранным языком, т.е. приобретение иноязычных навыков и умений эффективного использования иностранного языка в профессиональной интеракции. В профессиональной сфере студент технического вуза должен уметь общаться с зарубежными партнёрами в рамках тем и ситуаций, обозначенных в стандарте; перекодировать полученную на иностранном языке информацию виде реферата, аннотации, доклада; уметь представить результаты своей деятельности на международных конференциях и в научных публикациях.
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Вопрос о роли учебного пособия в обучении иноязычным грамматическим навыкам в техническом вузе является проблемным в современной методике преподавания иностранных языков. Пособие «Грамматика английского языка. Сборник упражнений» написано в соответствии с учебной программой дисциплины «Английский язык», являющейся дополнительной в подготовке специалистов ВолгГАСУ. Целью пособия является формирование грамматических умений и навыков, необходимых специалистам для осуществления успешной деятельности в иноязычной среде. Структура учебного пособия, система упражнений, наличие справочного материала, отбор словаря-минимума являются ключевыми моментами и определяются спецификой изучения иностранного языка в технического вузе.
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Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов первого и второго курсов всех специальностей очной и заочной форм обучения, изучающих английский язык. Пособие состоит из девяти разделов, каждый из которых включает системные тренировочные упражнения по определенной грамматической теме. Целесообразным является предварительное изучение специальных приложений, прилагаемых к каждому разделу пособия. Бесспорной ценностью пособия является актуальность и аутентичность используемого материала, а также методически обоснованная подборка упражнений, удовлетворяющих грамматический аспект в изучении иностранного языка студентами технического вуза.
UNIT 1. TENSE FORMS
! Study the information in Appendix 1.
Ex.1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present forms.
Dear Mr and Mrs Williams,
I 1) am writing (write) to thank you for coming to our wedding last month. I hope you enjoyed yourselves. Sheila and I 2) __ (just/return) from our honeymoon in Kenya and 3) __ (now/look forward to) starting our new life together. We 4) __ (just/move) into our new house and since our honeymoon we 5) __(spend) all our free time decorating. The house 6) __ (actually/begin) to feel like home now and we 7) __ (gradually/settle) into a routine. 8) We __ (have) breakfast together in the morning, but then we 9) __ (not/see) each other until late in the evening when we 10) __ (get) home from work. I hope both of you 11) __ (be) well since we last saw you.
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Love,
David and Sheila
Ex.2. Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
1. Let’s go out. It isn’t raining (not/rain) now.
2. Julia is very good at languages. She speaks (speak) four languages very well.
3. Hurry up! Everybody__ (wait) for you.
4. “__(you/listen) to the radio?” “No, you can turn it off.”
5. “__(you/listen) to the radio every day?” “No, just occasionally.”
6. The River Nile__ (flow) into the Mediterranean.
7. Look at the river. It__(flow) very fast today - much faster than usual.
8. We usually__ (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we __ (not/grow) any.
9. “How is your English?” “Not bad. It__ (improve) slowly.”
10. He is in London at the moment. He__ (stay) at the Park Hotel. He __ (always/stay) there when he’s in London.
11. Can we stop walking soon? I__ (start) to feel tired.
12. “Can you drive?” “I__ (learn). My father __ (teach) me.”
13. Normally I __ (finish) work at 5.00, but this week I__ (work) until 6.00 to earn a bit more money.
14. My parents__(live) in Bristol. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Where__ (your parents/live)?
15. Sonia __ (look) for a place to live. She __ (stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere.
16. “What __ (your father/do)?” “He’s an architect but he (not/work) at the moment.”
17. (at a party) Usually I __ (enjoy) parties but I __ (not/enjoy) this one very much.
18. The train is never late. It__(always/leave) on time.
19. Jim is very untidy. He__ (always/leave) his things all over the place.
Ex.3. Fill in with the present simple or continuous.
1.A: I am seeing (see) an old friend tonight.
B: I __ (see) - so you won’t be able to meet me after work, will you
2.A: Why__ (you/smell) the milk
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B: It __ (smell) a bit strange. I think it might have gone off.
3.A: __ (you/enjoy) reading Jane Austen’s novels?
B: Not usually, but I __ (enjoy) this particular one.
4.A: Why__ (John/be) so bad tempered today?
B: I don’t know. He __ (be) usually so easy to get on with.
5.A: Carol and I __ (think) of getting married.
B: __ (you/think) that’s a good idea? You haven’t known each other for very long
6.A: __ (you/have) the phone number of a good business consultant?
B: Why? __ (you/have) problems at work?
7.A: __ (the singer/appear) tonight?
B: Unfortunately not. She __ (appear) to have lost her voice.
8.A: Why __ (you/taste) the baby’s drink?
B: It __ (taste) a little bitter. I think I’ll add some more sugar.
9.A: I hear the Fords __ (look) for a bigger house.
B: Yes, it __ (look) as if they are going to move.
10. A: How much __ (the parcel/weigh)?
B: I’m not sure. The assistant __ (weigh) it at the moment.
Ex.4. Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form.
come get happen look make start stay try work
1. “You are working hard today.” “Yes, I have a lot to do.”
2. I __ for Christine. Do you know where she is?
3. It __ dark. Shall I turn on the light?
4. They haven’t got anywhere to live at the moment. They........................ with friends until they find somewhere.
5. “Are you ready, Ann?” “Yes, I __ ”
6. Have you got an umbrella? It __ to rain.
7. You __ a lot of noise. Could you be quieter? I __ to concentrate.
8. Why are all these people here? What __ ?
Ex.5. Use the words in brackets to complete the questions.
1. “Is Colin working this week?” “No, he’s on holiday.”(Colin/work)
2. Why __ at me like that? What’s the matter? (you/look)
3. “Jenny is a student at university.” “Is she? What __ ?” (she/study)
4. __ to the radio or can I turn it off? (anybody/listen)
5. How is your English? __ better? (it/get)
Ex.6. Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative (I’m not doinget c.).
6. I’m tired. I am going (go) to bed now. Goodnight!
7. We can go out now. It __(rain) any more.
8. “How is your new job?” “Not so good at the moment. I__(enjoy) it very much.”
9. Catherine phoned me last night. She’s on holiday in France. She __ (have) a great time and doesn’t want to come back.
10. I want to lose weight, so this week I __ (eat) lunch.
11. Angela has just started evening classes. She __ (learn) German.
12. I think Paul and Ann have had an argument. They (speak) __each.
Ex.7. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate present forms.
1. George Smith has been training (train) for this match for months. He __ (practice) at least four hours a day for the last two weeks and he __ (say) that now he __ (feel) confident. However, he __ (face) a difficult opponent tonight. Palmer __ (win) several games recently, and he __ (look) determined to win this one too. The match __ (be) about to start, so let’s watch and see what __ (happen).
2. Louisa usually __ (go) to work by tube, but today she __ (go) there in a chauffeur-driven limousine. The reason for this __ (be) that she __ Gust/win) the young business person award, and as part of the prize people __ (treat) her like royalty.
3. Mary __ (dye) her hair for years. She __ (go) to the hairdresser once a week and __ (try) every colour you can imagine. She __ (say) she __ (want) to match her hair with her clothes. I __ (ask) her for ages why she __ (not/keep) her natural colour but she __ (say) she __ (forget) what it is!
Ex.8. What has happened in these situations?
1. Jack had a beard. Now he hasn’t got a beard. He has shaved off his beard.
2. Linda was here five minutes ago. Now she’s in bed. She __.
3. The temperature was 25 degrees. Now it is only 17. The temperature __.
4. The light was off. Now it is on. Somebody __
5. The tree was only three metres high. Now it is four. The tree__.
6. The plane was on the runway a few minutes ago. Now it is in the air. The plane __.
Ex.9. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
1. “Where’s your key?” “I don’t know. I have lost it.” (lose)
2. I __very tired, so I lay down on the bed and went to sleep, (be)
3. Mary __ to Australia for a while but she’s back again now. (go)
4. “Where’s Ken?” “He __out. He’ll be back in about an hour.”(go)
5. I did German at school but I most of it. (forget)
6. I meant to phone Diane last night but I__ (forget)
7. I __ a headache earlier but I feel fine now. (have)
8. Look! There’s an ambulance over there. There__ an accident. (be)
9. They’re still building the new road. They __ it. (not/finish)
10. “Is Helen still here?” “No, she __ out.”(just/go)
11. The police __ three people but later they let them go. (arrest)
12. Ann_ me her address but I’m afraid I __ it. (give, lose)
13. Where’s my bike? It __ outside the house. It__ ( be, disappear)
14. What do you think of my English? Do you think I__? (improve)
Ex.10. Make all the necessary changes and additions to make a complete letter.
Dear Sirs ,
I write/apply/position of French teacher/advertised /The European. academic qualifications include/ degree in French/Oxford University. I spend several years/Paris/have excellent practical knowledge of French. I work/assistant French teacher/two years/school outside London. I be unemployed/at the moment. I enclose references/former employer and CV. I trust you give/application/serious consideration. I look forward/hear you/earliest convenience.
Yours faithfully,
Dear Sirs ,
I’m writing to apply….
Ex.11. Choose a suitable verb with either the present perfect or past simple for these sentences.
agree appear continue disappear move reach show solve write
1. Research has shown at cycling can help patients overcome their illnesses.
2. The rabbit just __ in my garden one day last week.
3. With this promotion, I feel that I __ a turning point in my career.
4. Oh, no! My car__!
5. Quite early in the negotiations, they __to lower the prices.
6. In 1788 he __ his last great work in Vienna.
7. There’s not much more to do, now that we __ the main problem.
8. Throughout the summer of 1980 Malcolm __ to divide his time between London and New York.
9. When he was 13, his parents __ to the United States.
Ex.12. Suggest a verb that can complete both sentences in each pair. Use either the present perfect or the past simple.
1. a The price of houses __ dramatically in recent years.
b Unemployment __ every year until 1985 and then started to fall.
2. a At his wedding he __ a green suit and red tie.
b These are the glasses I __ ever since I was 30.
3. a The company __ many setbacks in its 50-year history, but it is now flourishing.
b Few of the trees in our village the storms during the winter of 1991.
4. a This __ his home for over 20 years and he doesn’t want to leave it.
b When I picked up the coffee I __ surprised to find it that it was cold.
5. a So far it’s been so cold that we __ in the house all day.
b We__ with Mike and Sue last weekend.
6. a I last __ you in Beijing three years ago.
b I never __ anyone play so well in my whole life.
Ex.13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.
When she 1) was (be) only fifteen Helen 2) __ (leave) school without any qualifications. Nevertheless, she 3) __ (be) very ambitious and 4) __ (want) to work in the fashion industry. Luckily she 5) __ (find) a job immediately as an assistant in a small fashion company. While she 6) __ (work) there she 7) __ (decide) to go to evening classes to get a qualification in business studies. Once she 8) __(successfully/complete) the course she 9) __ (be/promoted) to the position of assistant manager. After she 10) __ (do) that job for some years she 11) __ (want) a change. She 12) __ (think) of moving to London for some time, so she 13) __ (apply) for a job which she 14) __ (see) advertised in a fashion magazine. Helen 15) __ (get) a job as the manager of a small but prestigious fashion company in central London. She 16) __ (achieve) her ambition of becoming a successful businesswoman at last.
Ex.14. Complete these sentences with the verb given. Choose the present perfect or past simple.
1. According to yesterday’s newspapers, astronomers in Australia have discovered a planet in a galaxy close to our own. (discover)
2. To help today’s customers make a choice, a company in New York __ a video trolley − a supermarket trolley with a video screen to display advertisements and price information. (develop)
3. At the start of his career, Cousteau __ he aqualung, opening the oceans to explorers, scientists, and leisure divers. (invent)
4. He proudly told reporters that the company __software to prevent the recent increase in computer crime. (produce)
5. John Grigg __ the comet now called Grigg-Skjellerup, at the beginning of the 20th century. (discover)
Ex.15. Complete the sentences with appropriate verbs. Use the same verb for each sentence in the pair.
Use either the present perfect or the past simple.
1. a A lot of people have asked about the painting, and I always say it’s not for sale. (ask)
b The police asked me several questions about my car before they let me go.
2. a Until she retired last month, she __ in the customer complaints department. (work)
b Sullivan __ hard to change the rules and says that the campaign will go on.
3. a I __ skiing ever since I lived in Switzerland. (enjoy)
b She once __ the support of the majority of the Democratic Party.
4. a His father __ so many complaints about the noise that he told Chris to sell his drums. (receive)
b We __ over 50 letters of support in the last 10 days.
5. a The Bible __ more copies than any other book.
b When it became clear that we would be moving to Austria, we __ the house to my brother. (sell)
6. a I __ moving to London from the day I arrived. I’d love to go back to Rome. (regret)
b At first I __ inviting them to stay, but we soon became great friends.
Ex.16. Here are some parts of a newspaper article. Study the underlined verbs. Correct them if necessary.
CYCLE ROUTE SUCCESS IN BIRMINGHAM
New cycle routes (1) have been built in and around the centre of Birmingham and speed limits (2) have been reduced on selected roads...The scheme (3) was now in operation for a year and (4) has been hailed as a great success. Since the new speed limits (5) were introduced, the number of accidents in the area (6) fell dramatically...It (7) has taken only six months to draw up the plans and mark the routes. This (8) has been done in consultation with groups representing city cyclists… Jane Wills, a keen cyclist who works in the city centre, told us: ‘When the new routes (9) have been introduced, I (10) have sold my car and 1(11) bought a bike. I (12) cycled to work ever since. It’s the best thing the council (13) did for cyclists and pedestrians in the time I’ve been living in Birmingham.“...The success of the scheme (14) has led to proposals for similar schemes in other cities.”
Ex.17. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.
Christopher Columbus 1) was born (be/born) in Italy in 1451. He 2) __ (work) as a woollen cloth weaver with his father before he 3)__ (begin) his nautical career at the age of 22. After several merchant voyages he 4) __ (settle) in Lisbon, Portugal in 1478. By this time he 5) __ (teach) himself Portuguese and Latin and 6) __ (read) many geographical and navigational books. In 1481 he 7) __ (marry) Felipa Parestrello. They 8) __ (have) one son, Diego. They 9) __ (be/married) for two years when his wife 10) __ (die). At this time he 11) (work) for John II of Portugal. Columbus 12) __ (always/wish) to sail around the world westward but John II wouldn’t agree. Finally King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain 13) __ (decide) to finance the voyage. He 14) __ (set off) for the first time in April 1492. There 15) __ (be) three ships; the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria and a crew of 90 men. They 16) __ (have) many false alarms before they finally 17) __ (spot) the “New World” at 02.00 on Friday the 12th of October, 1492. Columbus 18) __ (make) another three voyages after this. He 19) __ (retire) to Valladolid 12 years after his first voyage and in 1517 he 20) __ (die) there.
Ex.18. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or continuous.
A few years ago a friend of mine, Tom, 1) was travelling (travel) in Java. One day he 2) __(decide) to visit an ancient temple. The walls were covered in beautiful old paintings of mysterious-looking faces. While he 3) __ (walk) around the temple, he 4) __(feel) an inexplicable desire to remove one particular face which seemed to be staring at him. Nervously, checking to see that no one 5) __ (look), he 6) __ (peel) the face from the wall and 7) __ (put) it carefully in his bag. Tom 8) __ (think) no more about the incident until two years later. At that time he 9) __ (live) in London and 10) __ (work) in a shop selling old books and manuscripts. One day an extremely old man 11) __ (walk) slowly through the door. Tom could hardly see him but he 12) __(notice) the man’s piercing black eyes. He 13) __ (stare) at Tom, fixing him with his gaze, saying nothing. As the man 14) __ (stare) at him, Tom 15) __ (have) an awful, terrifying feeling of shame and fear. Suddenly, the man was gone. When Tom got home that evening he 16) __ (search) frantically through all his things until he 17) __ (find) the face from the temple. It was the face of the old man from the shop! He 18) __ (know) then that he had to return the picture to the temple, or something terrible would happen.
Ex.19. Complete the sentences using these pairs of verbs. Use the past simple in one space and the past continuous in the other.
arrive/get go/get met/work look/slip wait/order ski/break
1. Just as I was getting into the bath the fire alarm went off.
2. Helen __ her leg while she __ in Switzerland.
3. We __ when I __in a music shop.
4. When his mother __in the other direction Steve __ away quietly.
5. I __ a drink while I __for Pam to arrive.
6. Our guests were early. They __ as I __changed.
This time, use the sametense in both spaces.
close/sit come/put not concentrate/think shut/start take/place write/drive
7.She __ the door and __ down quickly.
8.I __the windows as soon as it __ to rain.
9. I’m sorry, I __. I __ about Jim.
10.It was an amazing coincidence. Just as I __ to Anne, she __to my house to come and see me.
11.When the taxi__ I __ my suitcase on the back seat.
12.He __ the cake out of the oven and __it carefully on the table.
Ex.20. Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1. I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday but she __ (not/see) me. She (look) the other way.
2. I and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago. They (go) to Berlin and I __ (go) to Madrid. We__ (have) a chat while we __ (wait) for our flights.
3. I __ (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man__ (step) out into the road in front of me. I __ (go) quite fast but luckily I (manage) to stop in time and __ (not/hit) him.
Ex.21. Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1. Jane was waiting (wait) for me when I __ (arrive).
2. “What __ (you/do) this time yesterday?” “I was asleep.”
3. “__ (you/go) out last night?” “No, I was too tired.”
4. “Was Carol at the party last night?” “Yes, she __ (wear) a really nice dress.”
5. How fast __ (you/drive) when the accident __ (happen)?
6. John __ (take) a photograph of me while I __ (not/look).
7. We were in a very difficult position. We __ (not/know) what to do.
8. 1 haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last __ (see) him, he __ (try) to find a job in London.
9. I __ (walk) along the street when suddenly I __ (hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody__ (follow) me. I was frightened and I __(start) to run.
10. When I was young, I __ (want) to be a bus driver.
Ex.22. Fill in with the present perfect or past simple.
1. The president 1) has announced (announce) the introduction of a new set of measures to deal with unemployment. The problem 2) __ (become) worse in recent months, and yesterday the president 3) __ (state) that action must be taken now. She actually 4) __ (sign) the new bill during this morning’s session of Parliament.
2. George 1) __ (arrive) late to work again this morning. He 2) __ (be) late at least five times this month. The supervisor 3) __ (speak) to him about it yesterday but he obviously 4) __ (not/pay) any attention.
3. John Keats, who 1) __ (die) when he __ (be) only 26 years old, 3) __ (write) a lot of beautiful poem. I 4) __ (read) most of his poetry, but I 5) __ (never/manage) to get to the end of Endymion. It’s too long for me!
4. Clare 1) __ (be) in New York for almost a year now. 2) __ (go) to visit her last month and I have to say I 3) __ (be) very impressed. I 4) __ (visit) most of the major cities in Europe but I 5) __ (never/see) any place as exciting as the Big Apple.
5. I 1) __ (see) five films this month, but I 2) __ (not/like) any of them very much. Actually, I think the films they 3) __ (make) ten years ago 4) __ (be) much better than anything I 5) __ (see) for ages.
Ex.23. Complete these sentences with an appropriate verb. Use either the present perfect or past simple.
1. Maria hasn’t wanted to drive since she crashed her car.
2. I __ really hard this morning. Another two shelves to put up and then I think I’ll have lunch.
3. Since the eruption __, all the villages on the slopes of the volcano have been evacuated.
4. So far this week there __three burglaries in our street.
5. I __ a committee meeting since 1986, so I don’t want to miss the one today.
6. It was so hot today that I__ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
7. A great deal __ since I last spoke to you.
8. We __ £200 on food this month already.
9. Since he__ the girl from the frozen pond, he has been on TV and in the newspapers almost every day.
Ex.24. Choose one of these verbs and write Have you ever... or Did you ever... at the beginning of these questions.
be eat have hear learn meet talk think
1. Have you ever been in a cave?
2. __ durian (= a fruit) when you lived in Malaysia?
3. __ somebody really famous?
4. __what it must be like to be a cat?
5. __to play a musical instrument as a child?
6. __ to Michael when you worked in the same company?
7. __a song called “Close to the Edge”?
8. __ a pet when you were young?
Ex.25. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate past forms.
1. Alexander the Great was born (be/born) in 356 BC in Macedonia. He__ (become) King when he was 20 and __ (continue) the work that his father __ (begin). In 334 BC he __ (invade) Persia and by his thirtieth birthday he __ (conquer) most of south-west Asia. However, while he __ (plan) the invasion of Arabia he__ (catch) a fever and __ (die).
2. Last month Albert and I __ (go) on a skiing trip to Scotland. We __ (save up) for months and so we __ (be) very excited when the time__ (come) to leave. We __ (pack) our bags, __ (get) in the car and __ (set off). We __ (drive) for six hours when Albert suddenly __ (remember) something - we __ (forget) to pack the skis.
3. George Grimes __ (wake up) feeling very odd. All through the night he __ (dream) about strange creatures which __ (try) to break in through his window. The: __ (have) horns and big green eyes and they __ (seem) to be threatening him. “Oh well,” he __ (think), “at least they aren’t real.” Just at that moment, however, a big scaly hand __ (come) crashing through the window!
4. When Bob __ (invite) me to go fishing with him I __ (be) excited because __ (never/go) fishing before. But as we __ (drive) to the river WI __ (see) the first black clouds and ten minutes later it __ (rain) heavily Three hours later, soaking wet, we __ (still/look for) somewhere to get warm and dry
5. “__ (you/enjoy) your holiday?” “No, it __ (be) a disaster! As I __ (get on) the plane, I found I __(leave) my holiday money at home! I __ (save) for months to get that money. My father __ (send) me a cheque, but it __ (take) five days to reach me.”
6. Alan __ (work) in the same office for ten years before he __ (apply) for another post with “Mask Ltd”. He__ (wait) for an answer for weeks when he __ (be/asked) to attend an interview with the Personnel Manager. He __ (go) there dressed in an expensive suit which he __ (buy) the day before, only to find that they __ (want) someone to work as a cleaner.
Ex.26. Fill in the correct present or future forms.
Welcome to Nut field Valley Health farm!
After you 1) have settled in (settle in), a member of staff 2) __ (come) and interview you about your specific dietary requirements. Once you 3) __ (reach) your target weight, you 4) __ (start) a maintenance diet to make sure you stay slim! To ensure your safety and well-being, our fitness programmes are planned by qualified instructors. Before you 5) __ (begin), the resident doctor 6) __ (check) your heart- rate and blood pressure. There is also a fully-equipped medical room in case you 7) __ (have) any problems - though of course we don’t expect you will. At Nut field Valley you pay only on condition that you 8) __ (lose) at least 5% of your body weight in two weeks. If not, we 9) __ (give) you a refund. By the time you 10) __ (leave), you 1) __(feel) like a new person. Of course, we doubt that you 12) __ (have) any complaints, but our helpful staff are always on hand if there 13) __ (be) anything you need. Remember, our motto is: “As long as you 14) __ (be) happy, we 15) __ (be) happy!”
Ex.27. Fill in the correct present or future forms.
Dear Mr Green,
Regarding our telephone conversation last week, here are the details of your forthcoming trip to Thailand. You 1) will be leaving (leave) on Saturday 4th December from London Gatwick at 10.00 pm. You 2) __ (fly) with Thai Air, flight number TA 907. The flight 3) __ (arrive) in Bangkok at 4.00 pm on 5th December - that 4) __.(be) 11.00 pm local time. Our tour guide, Jim Smith, 5) __ (wait) for you at the airport to accompany you to the Imperial Hotel. As soon as you 6) __ (settle in), you 7) __(attend) a welcome dinner party. In the next days you 8) __ (visit) famous sights. There 9) __ (be) time for you to do your shopping as well. By the time you 10) __ (get on) the return flight on 10th December, you 11) __ (experience) the most traditional aspects of Thai life. Our tour guide 12) __ (be) with you throughout, so there shouldn’t be any problems. If you 13) __ (need) more information, please contact us.
Yours sincerely,
A. Jones
Ex.28. Choose will (’ll) or (be) going to, whichever is correct or more likely, and one of these verbs.
collapse eat enter explode have increase leave paint phone re-open retire see show be sick walk
1. Get out of the building! It sounds like the generator’s going to explode.
2. Tim __ early before he reaches 65.He mentioned it at the meeting recently.
3. “I think I __ home across the park.” “That’s a good idea.”
4. Next year, no doubt, more people __ the competition as the prize money increases.
5. “Can we meet at 10.00 outside the station?” “Okay. I _ you there.”
6. Don’t sit on that bench, I __ it.
7. I’m not feeling well. In fact, I think I __!
8. “Closed over the New Year period. This office __on 2nd January.” (Sign on an office window)
9. I’m sure you __ a good time staying with Richard.
10. We __ with Tim tonight. He’s asked us to be there at 7.00.
11. “The 2.35 to Bristol __from platform 5.” (Announcement at railway station.)
12. I wouldn’t walk across that old bridge if I were you. It looks like it __.
13. I read in the paper that they__ the price of gas again.
14. Do you like my new solar watch? Here, I __ you how it works.
15. “Dr Jackson isn’t in his office at the moment.” “In that case, I __him at home.”
Ex.29. Complete the sentences with will (‘ll) or (be) going to and an appropriate verb. If both will and going to are possible, write them both.
1. If you’re ready, I’ll explain how the equipment operates.
2. I warn you that if I see you here again, __
3. If you decide to contact Jane, I __ you her address.
4. If you stand in the rain much longer, you __ cold.
5. He’s seriously hurt. If we don’t get help immediately, he__.
6. If you want to leave this afternoon, Joe __ you to the station.
7. If you visit Bernard in Vienna, I’m sure you __ very welcome.
Ex.30. Fill in “will” or “be going to”.
1. A: There’s no sugar left.
B: That’s OK. I’ ll go and buy some.
2. A: Have you got any plans for the evening?
B: Yes, I __see “The Doll’s House” in town.
3. A: Have you bought a dress for the reception?
B: No, but I __buy one this afternoon.
4. A: Here’s $20.
B: Thank you. I __ pay you back as soon as I can.
5. A: Have you heard that Mrs Potts is ill?
B: Yes. Actually we __visit her this afternoon.
6. A: Peter is taking his driving test tomorrow.
B: Oh, I’m sure he __ pass.
7. A: Is Tom coming tonight?
B: I don’t know. I __ phone him and see.
8. A: Has Helen decided what to study?
B: Yes. She __train to be a teacher.
9. A: It’s quite cold today.
B: I think winter __ be here soon.
10. A: We are having a picnic on Sunday.
B: I hope the weather __ be nice.
Ex.31. These sentences refer to the future. Complete them with either going to or the present continuous using any appropriate verb.
1. I can’t go any further. I’m going to sit on that bench for a while.
2. The game__ at two o’clock tomorrow. I hope you can be there.
3. The service here is very slow. I __to the manager if we’re not served soon.
4. I have a right to be heard, and no-one __ from putting my side of the argument.
5. The two leaders __ for talks later this afternoon.
6. The bank has announced that it __ interest rates by one per cent from tomorrow.
7. Are you __my questions or not?
8. I have to get up early tomorrow. I __ a physics class at 8.00 in the morning.
9. Before I apply for the job, I __ more information about it.
10. Brazil __Colombia in today’s final.
Ex.32. These sentences refer to the future. Correct them where necessary (with either present continuous or going to) or put if they are already correct.
1. Unless aid arrives within the next few days, thousands are starving.
2. There are going to be more of us at the picnic than we’d thought.
3. I’m tired. I’m going to go to bed.
4. “I can’t get to the match after all.” “That’s a pity. Dave’s being very disappointed.”
5. Clear the area! The bomb’s exploding.
6. In future, the company is going to be known as “Communications International”.
7. I’ve redecorated the bedroom. Do you think Jane is liking it when she gets home?
8. Whether we like it or not, within a few years biotechnology is transforming every aspect of human life.
9. It’s not a deep cut, but it’s leaving a scar.
10. He is going to inherit his father’s fortune.
11. Nina is going to go to Switzerland next week on business.
Ex.33. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate present or future forms.
1. Bill Haynes, author of the immensely popular novel “Black Roses”,
1) I am going to write (write) a new novel. “I 2) __ (start) next Monday - or at least that’s the plan,” says Bill. “It’s amazing to think that by next year it 3) __ (be) ten years since I last picked up a pen.” Despite his long break, Bill is confident. “I think this book 4) __ (be) even better than “Roses”. I 5) __ (include) the usual elements of action and adventure but this time there 6) __ (be) some romance too. I hope it 7) __ (be) successful.” Of course, we 8) __ (not/know) until it 9) __ (be/published) next year.
2. The staff of Cotten ham Primary School 1) __ (hold) an open day on August 21st. In the morning you 2) __ (be able to) meet your child’s teachers. At 12.30 the Headmaster, Mr Patterson, 3) __ (show) the plans for the new adventure playground. We hope that this 4) __ (finish) by Christmas. If your child 5) __ (start) school this September, bring him or her along! The programme 6) (begin) at 9 am. See you there!
3. Jeanne and Paul 1) __ (move) to London next month. Paul is being transferred there and Jeanne hopes she 2) __ (find) a job by the time they 3) __ (move) there. They 4) __ (drive) down next weekend to look for a flat. They hope they 5) __ (find) something in a nice area, but with prices the way they are, they will have to be satisfied with whatever they 6) __ (find). Jeanne is afraid she 7) __ (miss) living in Nottingham, but Paul is convinced that they 8) __ (be) happier in London because there is so much more to do there.
4. Where 1) __ (you/go) on holiday this year Laura? “I don’t know Sue. What about you?” “We 2) __ (probably/go) to Spain again. But as I 3) __ (get) a pay rise very soon, I’d like to go somewhere more glamorous. I think I 4) __ (get) some brochures from the travel agent tomorrow, so if you want, I 5) __ (pick up) a couple for you as well.” “Good idea. With any luck, we 6) __ (decide) where to go by the time summer 7) __ (come)!”
5. Dear Anna, I got the job! I 1) __ (leave) for Africa in two weeks. It’s a shame I 2) __ (not/see) you before I 3) __ (go). For the first six months I 4) __ (work) in a village school, teaching English and Maths. 5) __ (you/be able) to visit me? If not, by the time I 6) __ (see) you again, so much 7) __ (happen) to us both that it’ll take us hours to catch up on the news.
Lots of love,
Danielle
Ex.34. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct tense.
A new addiction 1) has recently emerged (recently/emerge) - to soap operas and the world’s first clinic to treat people obsessed with the soaps 2) __ (open) next week. Victims 3) __ (come) from every walk of life - from company directors to cleaners. Symptoms of addiction 4) __ (include) refusing to miss an episode and watching recorded episodes again and again. One victim 5) __ (explain) how__ (be) so bad that he 8) __ (be) unable to keep a steady relationship. “When my friends 9) __ (come round), I was more interested in the soaps. It was almost as if the people on TV 10) __ (become) my friends instead.”
Ex.35. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or continuous.
1. Peter: Do you have (have) traffic wardens in your country?
Pedro: No, I (not think) so. You (not see) them in my town anyway. What exactly а traffic warden (do)?
2. Peter: Не (walk) up and down the street and if а car (stay) too long at а parking place or (park) in а no-parking area hе (stick) а parking ticket to the windscreen.
3. Look! Не (put) а ticket on Tom’s car. Tоm will bе furious when hе (see) it. Не (hate) getting parking tickets.
4. Customer: I (want) to buy а fur coat. Have you any nice coats for about $500?
Assistant: I’m afraid we just (close), madam. It’s 4.55, and we always (close) at 5.00 sharp оn Fridays as Mr Jones the manager (not want) to miss his favourite television programme.
5. It is Friday evening and the Brown family are at home. Mrs Brown (listen) to а concert оn the radio; Mr Brown (read) а paper, George Brown (do) his homework and Ann Brown (write) а letter.
6. Mr Brown always (read) his newspapers in the evenings. Mrs Brown sometimes (knit) but she (not knit) tonight.
7. Mr Black often (go) to the theatre but his wife (not go) very often. Не (like) all sorts of plays. She (prefer) comedies.
8. Tonight they (watch) а very modern comedy. They (enjoy) it, but they (not understand) some of the jokes.
9. What (happen) in your class? The teacher (give) lectures every day?~
No. Не (give) one lecture а week, and оn the other days hе (show) films or (discuss) books with us.
10. А bus conductor (get) more exercise than а bus driver. The driver just (sit) in his cab but the conductor (stand) and (walk) about and (run) up and down the stairs.
11. Why that man (stand) in the middle of the road? ~ Не (try) to get across. Не (wait) for а gap in the traffic. ~ Why he (not use) the subway? ~ Lots of people (not bother) to use the subway. They (prefer) to risk their lives crossing here.
12. You (wear) а new coat, aren’t you? ~ Yes. You (like) it? ~ The colour (suit) you but it (not fit) you very well. It’s much too big.
13. All the guides here (speak) at least three foreign languages, because а lot of foreign visitors (come) every summer.
14. Paul (take) а party of French tourists round now and tomorrow an American party (come).
15. Englishmen very seldom (talk) on the Underground. They (prefer) to read their newspapers. ~ Those two men in the corner (talk). ~ But they (not talk) English.
16. Jones and Со. (have) а sale at the moment. Shall we look in on our way home? ~ I’d love to but I’m afraid I won’t have time. I (meet) Tom at 5.30. ~ You (go) out with Tom often?
17. I usually (go) bу train, but this weekend I (go) by bus. It (take) longer but it (cost) less.
18. Ann (on telephone): You (do) anything at the moment, Sally? Sally: Yes. I (pack); I (catch) а plane to New York in three hours’ time.
Ann: Lucky girl! How long you (stay) in New York?
19. Peter: You (go) out tonight, Paul?
Paul: No, I (stay) at home. The neighbours (come) in to watch TV.
Peter: You (invite) the neighbours often?
Paul: No, but they (invite) themselves whenever there is а good programme.
20. Jack: I just (go) out to get an evening paper.
Ann: But it (pour)! Why you (not wait) till the rain (stop)? (I advise you to wait.)
21. Lucy: Tom (get) up very early but he (wash) and (shave) and (get) his breakfast so quietly that I (not hear) а thing. But I (hear) him driving away from the house because his car (make) а lot of noise.
22. Alice: Мy brother (get) up very early too. But he (make) such а lot of noise that he (wake) everybody up. Не (sing) in his bath and (bang) doors and (drop) things in the kitchen and (play) the radio very loudly.
23. Lucy: Why you (not ask) him to be а bit quieter?
Alice: I (mention) it every night but it (not do) any good. Не (say) that he (not make) а sound, and I (think) he really (believe) it.
24. Tom: You (see) that man at the corner? Не (keep) stopping people and asking them questions. You (think) he (ask) for directions?
Jack: No, I (expect) he (make) а survey.
Tom: How you (make) а survey?
Jack: You (stop) people and (ask) them questions and (write) the answers on а report sheet.
25. In most countries а child (start) school at six and (stay) for about five years in а primary school. Then he (move) to а secondary school. At 17 or 18 he (take) an exam; if he (do) well in this exam he can go on to а university if he (wish).
Ex.36. Fill in with the past simple or continuous.
1. Peter and Ann decided to redecorate their sitting-room themselves. 2. They (choose) cream paint for the woodwork and apricot for the walls. 3. When John (look) in to see how they (get) on, Ann (mix) the paint, and Peter (wash) down the walls. 4. They (be) glad to see John and (ask) if he (do) anything special that day. 5. Не hastily (reply) he (go) to the theatre and (go) away at once, because he (know) they (look) for someone to help them. 6. They (begin) painting, but (find) the walls (he) too wet. 7. While they (wait) for the walls to dry, Ann (remember) she (have) а phone call to make. 8. Peter (start) painting while she (telephone), and (do) а whole wall before Ann (come) back. 9. Не (grumble) that she always (telephone). 10. Ann (retort) that Peter always (complain). 11. They (work) in silence for some time. 12. Just as they (start) the third wall, the doorbell (ring). 13. It (he) а friend of Peter’s who (want) to know if Peter (play) golf the following weekend. 14. Не (stay) talking to Peter in the hall while Ann (go) on painting. 15. At last he (leave). 16. Peter (return), expecting Ann to say something about friends who (come) and (waste) valuable time talking about golf. 17. But Ann nobly (say) nothing. 18. Then Peter (think) he would do the ceiling. 19. Не just (climb) the step ladder when the doorbell (ring) again. 20. Ann (say) she (get) tired of interruptions but (go) and (open) the door. 21.It (he) the postman with а letter from her aunt Mary, saying she (come) to spend the weekend with them and (arrive) that evening at 6.30.
Ex.37. Fill in with the present perfect or past simple.
1. Peter tried (try) to come in quietly but his mother (hear) him and (call) out, ‘Where you (be)? Your supper (be) in the oven for an hour.’
2. You (be) to the theater lately? ~ Yes, I (go) to Othello last week.~
You (like) it? ~ Yes, but I (not see) very wel1. I (be) right at the back.
3. Ann (coming out of а bookshop): I just (buy) а сору of David Copperfield. You (read) it?
Mary: As it happens it is the only one of Dickens’s books that I (not read). I (not even see) the film.
4. You (be) to Cambridge? ~ Yes, I (be) there last month. ~ How you (get) there? ~ My brother (take) me in his car.
5. You (see) Philip lately? I (ring) his flat several times last week but (get) no answer. ~ Oh, he (be) in America for the last month. Не (fly) out on the first for а conference and then (decide) to stay for six weeks. ~ You (hear) from him? ~ Yes, I (get) а letter shortly after he (arrive).
6. How long you (be) in your present job? ~ I (be) there for six months. ~ And what you (do) before that? ~ Before that I (work) for Jones and Company.
7. How 1ong you (work) for Jones and Company? ~ I (work) for them for two years. ~ You (like) working for them? ~ No, I (not like) it at all. ~ Then why you (stay) so long?
8. We usually go out on Saturday evenings, but last Saturday (be) so wet that we (stay) in and (play) cards. ~ What you (plау)? ~ We (plау) poker. I (1osе) fifty реnсе.
9. When you (begin) school? ~ I (begin) school when I (be) five. I (go) to а primary school first. I (stay) there for six years and then I (go) to а comprehensive school.
10. When I (be) seventeen I (start) my university course. ~ When you (get) your degree? ~ Oh, I (not get) my degree yet; I’m still at the university. I only (be) there for two years.
11. Tom (1eave) the house at 8.20. At 8.25 the phone in Tom’s house (ring), Tom’s wife, Mary, (answer) it. “Could I speak to Tom, please?” (sау) the cal1er. “I’m afraid he just (go) out’, (say) Mary.
12. You (be) to Cornwall?~ Yes, I (be) there last Easter. ~ You (go) by train? ~ No, I (hitch-hike).
13. I (not see) Charles for some time. ~ Не (be) ill, poor chap. Не (collapse) at work а fortnight ago and (be taken) to hospital. They (send) him home after two days but he (not come) back to work yet.
14. There (be) а very good programme on TV last night. You (see) it? No, I (take) my set back to the shop last week because there (be) so much distortion; and they (say) it (need) а new part. They (not be able) to get the new part so far, so I (not watch) television for about ten days.
15. You (ever) be to France? ~Yes, I (spend) last July and August in Grenoble. I (go) to improve my French but everyone I (meet) (want) to improve his English so I (not get) much practice.
16. The postman usually comes between 8.00 and 9.00 in the morning. At 8.45 а.m. yesterday Ann (say), “Are there any letters for me?” “I don’t know,” (say) Mary. “The postman (not come) yet.” At 11 а.m. Jack, Mary’s husband, (ring) from his office to ask if there (be) any letters for him. “No,” (say) Mary. “Nobody (get) letters today. The postman (not come).”
17. Mr Speed, Ann’s employer, (dictate) three letters and (tell) Ann to type them as soon as possible. Half an hour later he (ring) Ann’s office. “You (finish) those letters yet?” he (ask).
“Well,” (say) Ann, “I (do) the letter to Mr Jones, and I’m now typing the one to Mr Robinson, but I (not start) the one to Mr Smith yet.”
18. You (find) out yet about the trains to Liverpool? ~ No. I (ring) the station last night but the man who (answer) the phone (not seem) to be sure of the times. Не (say) something about а new timetable. ~ But the new timetable (be) in operation for three weeks!
19. Tom and Jack work in different offices but go to work in the same train. One evening Tom’s wife (say), “Jack (move) into his new house yet?” “I don’t know,” (say) Tom, “I (not see) Jack today. Не (not be) on the train.”
20. Where you (be)? ~ I (be) shopping in Oxford Street. ~ So I suppose you (buy) shoes? ~ Yes. I (find) а shop where they were having а sale and I (get) three pairs.
21. In the evenings I often plау chess with my next door neighbour. I (plау) chess with him ever since I (come) to live here ten years ago. Не (be) here all his life; he (inherit) the house from his father, another great chess player. ~ You ever (plау) chess with the father? ~ We (plау) once or twice but he (die) а year after I (arrive).
22. I can’t find my gloves. You (see) them? ~Yes, you (leave) them in the car yesterday. I (put) them back in your drawer.
Ex.38. Fill in with the present perfect simple or continuous.
1. I have been standing (stand) in this queue for ages. It (not move) at all in the last five minutes. I think the man in the ticket office just (shut) his window and (go) off for lunch.
2. The Town Council (consider) my application for permission to build а garage for three months. They just (give) my neighbour permission to build one, so I hope they (decide) to let me have one too.
3. You look exhausted! ~ Yes, I (play) tennis and I (not play) for years, so I’m not used to it.
4. They began widening this road three weeks ago; but the workmen (be) on strike for the last fortnight so they (not get) very far with it.
5. That man (stand) at the bus stop for the last half hour. Shall I tell him that the last bus already (go)?
6. I wonder if anything (happen) to Tom. I (wait) an hour now. Не often (keep) me waiting but he never (be) quite so late as this.
7. Mrs Brown (live) next door for quite а long time now but she never (say) more than ‘Good morning’ to me.
8. I just (remember) that I (not pay) the rent yet. I am surprised that the landlord (not ring) me up to remind me. ~ It is the first time you (be) late with the rent in 25 years. Не probably thinks that you (pay) and he (lose) the cheque.
9. Shop assistant: Could you give me some proof of your identity, madam?
Customer: But I (shop) here for fifteen years!
Shop assistant: I know, madam, but apparently the company (lose) а lot of money lately through dud cheques and they (make) new regulations which we (be told) to apply to all customers no matter how long we (know) them.
10. What you (do)? I (look) for you for ages. ~ I (build) а barbecue in the garden.
Ex.39. Fill in with the past simple or perfect, simple or continuous.
1.Не gave (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut.
2.When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9.30.
3.Не (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall.
4.Не (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house.
5.All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to.
6.At 8.30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.
7.Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, for his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door.
8.When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be).
9.Не (leave) it in his overcoat pocket.
10.Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket as well.
11.I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining.
12.I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) any since the previous February.
13.If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time.
14.However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at а shop in Shaftesbury Avenue.
15.Не (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.
16.When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in during her absence, because the front door (be) open and everything in the flat (be) upside down.
17.The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only just (leave) because а cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table.
18.Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) down the fire escape.
19.They (help) themselves to her whisky too but there (be) а little left, so she (pour) herself out а drink.
20.She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hоре) that they had.
21.The jewellery (be given) her by her husband, who (die) some years before.
22.Since his death she (not have,) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it.
23.Now it (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands; and certainly the insurance money would come in handy.
24.I (put) the $5 note into one of my books; but next day it (take) me ages to find it because I (forget) which book I (put) it into.
25.А woman (come) in with а baby, who she (say) just (swallow) а safety pin.
26.I (think) my train (leave) at 14.33, and (be) very disappointed when I (arrive) at 14.30 and (learn) that it just (leave).
27.I (find) later that I (use) an out-of-date timetable.
28.Не (park) his car under а No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come) out of the shop ten minutes later the car (be) no longer there.
29.Не (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away.
30.It (be) now 6 p.m.; and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day.
31.Не (be) also hungry because he (have) nothing to eat since breakfast.
32.His wife usually (bring) him sandwiches at lunch time, but today for some reason she (not come).
33Не (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before.
34.I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (see) а man standing on the opposite pavement watching the house.
35.When I (get up) the following morning he (be) still there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or if he (go) away and (come) back.
Ex.40. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
Part 1
Dear Hilda
1. I have just heard (hear) that my mother isn’t very well, and I (like) to go and see her. The trouble is I can’t take my dog Tim with me.
2. You (think) you (be able) possibly look after him for а week?
3. You (have) him for а week last year, you (remember), and you (say) he (be) no trouble, and (get) on well with your dog.
4. If you (be able) have him, I (be able) bring him along any time that (suit) you.
5. Не (have) his own bed and bowl, and I (bring) enough tinned dog food to last him а week.
6. But if it (not be) convenient, (not hesitate) to say so.
7. There (be) quite good kennels near here, and they (take) him if I (ask).
8. Не (be) there once before and (seem) to get on all right.
Love
Sarah
Part 2
Dear Sarah
9. I (be) very sorry to hear about your mother’s illness, and (be) glad that you (go) to Scotland to see how she is.
10. It (be) nice for her to see you.
11. Of course I (look) after Tim.
12. We thoroughly (enjoy) having him last year and my dog (miss) him when he (leave) and (look) for him everywhere.
13. I’m sure he (be) delighted to see him again.
14. You (bring) him on Tuesday afternoon? Or, if that (not suit), any time оn Wednesday.
15. (not bother) to bring dog food; I (have) plenty.
16. I hope you (have) time to have tea with me when you (bring) Tim, and that by then you (have) better news of your mother.
Love
Hilda
Part 3
Dear Peter
17. You by any chance (know) where Воb is?
18. I (like) to find out because I just (hear) of а job that exactly (suit) him, but if he (not apply) fairly soon of course he (not get) it.
19. I last (see) him about а month ago, when he just (leave) his job with the film company.
20. Не (say) he (go) to France (had decided to go to France) for а holiday and (promise) to send me а postcard with his French address as soon as he (find) а place to stay.
21. But I (hear) nothing since then and (not know) even whether he (go) to France or not.
22. If you (know) his address I (be) very grateful if you (phone) me.
23. I (try) to phone you several times but your phone (not seem) to be working.
Yours
Jack
Part 4
Dear Sir
24. I (be) interested in the furnished cottage near Dedham which you (advertise) in yesterday’s Telegraph, for my husband and I (come) to England in June and (require) accommodation for three months.
25. You please (tell) me exactly where it (be) and give me details of bus and train services in the area.
26. I also (like) to know about the local shops.
27. I (be able) to shop without а car?
28. Mу husband (hope) to hire а car, but I (not drive) and he (not be) free very often to take me shopping, so we (need) а cottage on а bus route.
29. The local shops still (deliver)? I (know) they (do) ten years ago.
30. I (be) grateful also if you (tell) me whether you supply sheets etc. and whether а laundry (call) at the house.
31. The rent you (ask) (sound) reasonable for the size of the cottage. How you (like) it paid? Weekly, monthly or in advance?
32. My husband and I (be) abroad for ten years, but before that we (live) near Dedham, which is why we (want) to spend our holidays there.
33. My husband also (write) а book about Constable and (like) to finish it in the area where he, Constable, (paint) most of his pictures.
34. Mr Jones, the bank manager, (know) us since we (live) in the area
and I (be) sure he (recommend) us as suitable tenants.
35. I of course (be willing) to send а deposit.
36. I (be) grateful for an early reply and (enclose) а stamped addressed envelope.
Yours faithfully
Pamela Smith
Ex.41. Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate tense.
Part 1
Dear Sir
1. I wrote (write) to you three weeks ago, (ask) about conditions of entry into your college.
2. You (reply), (enclose) an enrolment form, which I (fill up) and (return) without delay.
3. Since then, however, I (hear) nothing and I (begin) to wonder if my application (go) astray.
4. You please (check) that you (receive) it and if you haven’t, please send me another enrolment form.
5. If, on the other hand, you (receive) my application but (not decide) whether to accept me as а student or not, I (be) very grateful if you (tell) me when I may expect to hear your decision.
6. Finally, if my application already (be) refused, I (like) to be informed as soon as possible because if I do not get into your college I (have) to apply to another and the sooner I (do) this, the better chance I (have) of being accepted.
Yours faithfully
Р. Smith
Part 2
Dear Mr J ones
7. My family and I (suffer) а good deal lately from the noise made by your guests when they (leave) your house on Saturday nights.
8. They (stand) in the street, (laugh) loudly and (call) goodbye to you and to each other.
9. Then they (get) into their cars, (bang) the doors loudly, and finally they (reverse) their cars on to the road.
10. This (sound) а fairly simple manoeuvre, but there is always at least one of your guests who (find) it almost beyond him - whether because he (have) too much to drink or still (learn) to drive I (not know) - but I (know) that it (take) him ages to get out, and all the time we hear his engine (roar) and his friends (shout) advice.
11. By the time all your guests (go) and the road is quiet again, my family all (be) wakened up, and the children often (find) it very hard to get to sleep again.
12. I (be) very grateful if you (ask) your guests to leave more quietly, and perhaps you (be able) persuade any learner drivers to come by taxi.
Yours sincerely
Andrew Brown
Part 3
Dear Ann
13. You (be) free to come to dinner here on Saturday next at 8.00?
14. My brother Paul (come) and (bring) а friend of his called Tom Edwards.
15. You (not meet) Tom but I (think) you (like) him.
16. Не is an assistant stage manager at the Gate Theatre and (be able) to tell you about the actors.
17. Paul says Tom (receive) hardly any salary and often (not get) enough to eat, so he (ask) me to have roast beef and Yorkshire pudding for dinner, with apple dumpling to follow.
18. Не probably (ring) up between now and Saturday, to say that it (be) а good idea to start with а substantial soup, such as oxtail!
19. I (know) you not usually (eat) heavy three-course meals of this type, but I (hope) the conversation (not be) so heavy. Anyway, come if you (be able).
Love
Mary
20. PS. The 14 bus (pass) the door as you probably (remember), and Paul (give) you а lift home.
Ex.42. Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate tense.
Part 1
1. Caller: this is Mrs Jones at 22 High Street. ... I have an appointment for а shampoo and set, please?
2. Receptionist: Yes, Mrs Jones. Who usually does (do) your hair?
3. Caller: Peter usually (do) it, but the last time I (come) he (be) on holiday and Ann (do) it. So if Peter (be) not available, Ann (do) very well.
4. Receptionist: When you (want) to come, Mrs Jones?
5. Caller: I (like) to come tomorrow afternoon if possible.
6. Receptionist: I’m afraid that that afternoon is full. Thursday afternoon at 4.00 (suit) you?
7. Caller: I’m afraid it… . My mother-in-law (come) to tea.
8. Receptionist: Then what about Friday afternoon? Peter (be able) (do) you at 4.00.
9. Ca11er: That (be) splendid. Thank you very much.
10. Receptionist: Thank you, Mrs Jones. We (expect) you at 4.00 on Friday then. Goodbye.
Part 2
11. Tom: ... I speak to Ann, please?
12. Ann: Ann (speak).
13. Tom: Tom here. Where you (be), Ann? I (try) to get on to you for the last half hour. You (not leave) your office at 5.00?
14. Ann: Yes, I …, but today I (go) shopping and only just (get) in. It (be) nice to hear your voice, Tom. I (not know) you (be) in London.
15. Tom: I only (arrive) this morning. I (ring) you before but I (be) terribly busy all day covering а conference. It only just (end). You (do) anything tonight, Ann?
16. Ann: Yes, I (go) to the theatre.
17. Tom: But that (be) terrible! I (be) only here for one night!
18. Ann: I (be) sorry, Tom. If you (tell) me you were coming up, I (keep) the evening free. But you didn’t tell me.
19. Tom: I (not know) myself till this morning when the boss suddenly (dash) into the office and (tell) me to rush up here to cover the conference.
20. Ann: I thought Peter usually (do) the conferences.
21. Tom: Yes, he (do) but when he (drive) up here last night he (have) an accident and (take) (passive) to hospital. So I (do) it instead. Ann, you really (go) out tonight? … (negative interrogative) you get out of it?
22. Ann: No, I … (negative). I’m free tomorrow but I (suppose) that (be) too late.
23. Tom (suddenly changing his plans): No, I (stay) another day. I daresay the boss (get) over it. You (like) to meet me for dinner tomorrow?
24. Ann: I (love) to. But Tom, you (be) sure it (be) all right? 1 (hate) you to lose your job.
25. Tom: It (be) all right. I (ring) the boss and tell him I (stay) another night. I (stay) an extra night in York last month and he (not seem) too put out about it.
26. Ann: Why you (stay) an extra night in York?
27. Tom: I (tell) you tomorrow. Goodnight, Ann.
Ex.43. Fill in with the present continuous or future simple.
1. Tom: Where are you going (go) for your next holiday? (Where have you arranged to go?)
Ann: I don’t know yet but we probably (go) to Spain.
2. We (have) а drink with Peter tonight. (Не has invited us.) It’s his last night; he (leave) tomorrow.
3. Ann: Do you think we (see) Вill tomorrow?
Mary: I hope so. Не probably (look) in on his way to the airport.
4. I (see) my bank manager tomorrow. (I have arranged this.) I’m going to ask him for а loan but I expect he (refuse).
5. I (know) the result tomorrow. As soon as I hear, I (tell) you.
6. Jack’s mother: Jack (be) ready in а moment. Не is just finishing breakfast.
Jack’s father: If I wait for him any longer I (miss) my train. I think I (walk) on; he probably (catch) me up.
7. I probably (come) to London some time next month. I (give) you а ring nearer the time and tell you when I (come). (when I have decided/arranged to со m е)
8. Hotel Porter: You (get) а parking ticket if you leave your car there, sir. If you (stay) the night (have arranged to stay) you (have to) put it in the hotel garage.
Tourist: All right. I (move) it as soon as I’ve arranged about а room.
9. Ann: I’ve scorched Bill’s shirt. Whatever he (say)?
Mary: Oh, he (not mind). Не just (buy) another shirt. Не has plenty of money.
10. Peter: We’d better leave а message for Jack. Otherwise he (not know) where we’ve gone.
George: All right. I (leave) а note on his table.
11. Jack: I don’t want to get married. I never (get) married.
Mother: You think that now. But one day you (meet) а girl and you (fall) in love.
12. Tom: I (go) to York tomorrow. (I have arranged to go.)
Ann: You (come) back the same day? (Have you arranged to со m е back?)
Tom: No. I probably (have) to spend the night there.
Ex.44. Fill in with the present continuous or be going to.
1.Where are you going (go) for your holidays? ~ I (go) to Norway. ~ What are you going to do there? ~ I (go) to fish.
2.Where you (go) this evening? ~ I (not go) anywhere. I (stay) at home. I (write) some letters.
3.Take an umbrella; it (rain).
4.How long you (stay) in this country? (Have you decided to stay?) ~
Another month. I (go) home at the end of the month. ~ What you (do) then? ~ I(try) to get а job.
5.I (dye) these curtains. ~ You (do) it yourself, or (have) it done? ~ I (have) it done. Who should I take them to?
6.I’ve seen the film, now 1 (read) the book. I’ve just got а сору from the library. (I haven’t started the book yet.)
7.You (do) anything next weekend? ~ Yes, my nephews (come) and I (show) them round London. ~ You (take) them to the theatre? (Have you booked seats?) ~ No, they’re too young for that. I (take) them to the zoo.
8.We (start) early tomorrow. We (go) to Ben Nevis.~ You (climb) Ben Nevis? ~ Not me. Tom (climb) it. I (sit) at the bottom and (do) some sketching.
9.Uncle: I hear you (go) to the regatta tomorrow. You (sail) in it?
Niece: No, but we (take) our cameras. We (try) to photograph the winning yachts.
10.You (not ask) your boss to give you а fire in your office? ~ It isn’t worth while. I (1eave) at the end of the week. ~ Really? And what you (do) then? You (have) а holiday? ~ No, I (start) another job the following Monday.
11.I hear you’ve bought а caravan. You (use) it for your holidays? ~ No, I (1ive) in it. I (start) moving my things next week. ~ What you (do) with your house? ~ I (sell) it to the man who sold те the caravan. Не (get) married next month.
12. Mrs Jones (go) to hospital. She (have) her appendix out. ~ Who (1ook) after the children?~ Her sister (come) down from Scotland.
13. Не isn’t happy at his boarding school. I (send) him to а day school.
Have you decided on the other school? ~ No, but I (see) (have an appointment with) the headmaster of the Park School this afternoon. I’ll probably send him there.
Ex.45. Fill in “Be going to” or “ will”.
1.Where are you off to with that ladder? ~ I am going to have (have) а look at the roof; it’s leaking and I think а tile has slipped.
2.We bought our new garage in sections and we (assemble) it ourselves. ~ That sounds rather interesting. I (come) and help you if you like.
3.Why do you want all the furniture out of the room? ~ Because I (shampoo) the carpet. It’s impossible to do it unless you take everything off it first.
4.Here are the matches: but what do you want them for? ~ I (make) а bonfire at the end of the garden; I want to burn that big heap of rubbish. ~ Well, be careful. If the fire gets too big it (burn) the apple trees.
5.Have you decided on your colour scheme? ~ Oh yes, and I’ve bought the paint. I (paint) this room blue and the sitting room green.
6.Why are you asking everyone to give you bits of material? ~ Because I (make) а patchwork quilt.
7.I wonder if Ann knows that the time of the meeting has been changed. ~ Probably not. I (look) in on my way home and tell her. I’m glad you thought of it.
8.Leave а note for them on the table and they (see) it when they come in.
9.I’m afraid I’m not quite ready. ~ Never mind. I (wait).
10.Do you have to carry so much stuff оп your backs? ~ Yes, we do. We (camp) out and (cook) our own meals, so we have to carry а lot.
11.I’ve been measuring the windows. I (put) in double glazing.
12.You (wear) that nice dress in а dinghy? ~ Of course not! I (sit) on the pier and (watch) you all sailing. I (not get) all wet and muddy and pretend that I’m enjoying it!
13.If you leave your keys with the hall porter he (take) the car round to the garage.
14.Shop assistant: We have some very nice strawberries.
Customer: All right. I (have) а pound.
15.Husband: This bread is absolutely tasteless! I wish we could have home-made bread.
Wife: All right. I (start) making it. I (get) а book about home baking today, and from now on I (bake) all our bread!
16.Mary: Ann’s busy baking. Apparently she (bake) all their bread from now on.
Jean: She soon (get) tired of that.
UNIT 2. THE INFINITIVE / -ING FORM / PARTICIPLE
! Study the information in Appendix 2.
Ex.1. Rewrite the sentences using the verb in brackets. Mind the tense of the infinitives.
1. She has lost her job. (seem) She seems to have lost her job.
2. Ann was accepted to work there. (seem)
3. He is working hard. (appear)
4. They have been watching TV all afternoon. (seem)
5. Tom missed the train. (appear)
6. They are moving house. (seem)
7. She found the solution. (claim)
8. It has been raining hard. (appear)
9. She is reading a magazine. (pretend)
10. Sharon tells lies. (tend)
Ex.2. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive.
The weather seems to have improved (improve). Let’s go out.
1. She appears __ (work) on her composition for hours.
2. She has decided __ (accept) my offer.
3. I’m hoping __ (leave) by then so I won’t be able to come with you.
4. This carpet is filthy; it really needs __ (clean) soon.
5. The waste from the power station is said __ (pollute) the atmosphere for months.
6. It will be much too hot __ (wear) a coat.
7. You must have been thirsty __ (drink) all that water.
8. He appears __ (injure) as a result of the fight.
9. You’re not expected __ (pay) the whole amount today.
10. The report was supposed __ (finish) two hours ago.
11. It was very cold earlier on today but it seems __ (warm up) now.
12. He claims __ (discover) a cure for the common cold.
13. Can I trust you __ (keep) this a secret?
1. She seems __ (work) too hard these days.
Ex.3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the infinitive or the -ing form.
1. I suggest calling (call) the cinema to find out what time the film begins.
2. It’s no use __ (try) to make excuses. She won’t believe you.
3. I look forward __ (see) the artwork in the museum’s latest exhibition.
4. She spent a long time __ (talk) on the telephone so she didn’t finish her chores.
5. Fred enjoys __ (listen) to classical music as it helps him relax.
6. To tell you the truth, I don’t know how __ (dance).
7. We were happy __ (hear) that Mary is coming to visit us.
8. The couple plan __ (announce) their engagement later today.
9. Will you let me __ (read) you some parts to tell me if you like them?
10. We saw him __ (paint) the fence as we walked past his house.
11. I would have preferred __ (change) my clothes before we went out to dinner.
12. It was so nice of him __ (send) me flowers.
13. Sandra was the last __ (perform) at the dance recital.
14. For Bob __ (retire) at such a: young age was unexpected.
15. It’s raining. There’s no point in __ (go) out now.
16. Would you be so helpful as __ (carry) this heavy bag for me?
17. You should __ (speak) to her when you saw her.
18. He seems __ (work) hard on a solution to the problem. Don’t interrupt him.
19. He was the first runner __ (finish) the marathon.
We rushed to the station only __ (arrive) as the train was leaving.
Ex.4. Put in a suitable verb in the correct form, -ing or to … . Sometimes either form is possible.
1. It’s nice to be with other people but sometimes I enjoy beingalone.
2. I’m not quite ready yet. Do you mind __ a little longer?
3. When I was a child, I hated __to bed early.
4. I don’t enjoy __ letters. I can never think what to write.
5. I need a new job. I can’t stand __ here any more.
6. I would love __ to your wedding but I’m afraid it isn’t possible.
7. Caroline never wears a hat. She doesn’t like __ hats.
8. “Would you like __ down?” “No, thanks. I’ll stand.”
9. When I have to catch a train, I’m always worried that I’ll miss it. So I like __ to the station in plenty of time.
10. Have you got a moment? I’d like __ to you about something.
Ex.5. Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the infinitive without to.
1. I saw her turn (turn) the corner and __ (disappear).
2. Can you hear the dog __ (bark) outside?
3. I watched the plane __ (take off) and then I left.
4. He was listening to the rain __ (patter) on the roof.
5. Paul noticed a woman __ (stare) at him while he was waiting at the station.
6. When she opened the door she saw someone __ (try) to steal her car.
Ex.6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the infinitive or -ing form.
1) Ordering (order) your own meal in a restaurant may soon be a thing of the past. In Brussels, at an Italian restaurant, the waiter, Tony, claims to be able 2) ………… (choose) the right dish for each customer. After 3)………… (work) for many years in Italian restaurants, Tony noticed that different people prefer certain types of food. “Women appear 4) ……….(like) milder foods and rich, creamy sauces while men seem 5) ...... (enjoy) spicier foods cooked in olive oil and served with juices from the meat,” he reports. Tony makes his choices by 6) ………… (chat) to his customers - but not about their tastes in food. What he does first is 7) ………….. (find out) what kind of personality the customer has. After 8) ………. (serve) an Englishman a salad of red tuna with garlic and parsley, Tony was happy 9) …………….. (see) that his customer was very satisfied. One Italian particularly enjoyed 10) ……….. (munch) on wild mushrooms stuffed with Mediterranean anchovies which Tony had served with black olives, spicy olive oil and lime. Tony spends a lot of time 11) ……… (observe) his customers. Once, a young French couple argued throughout the meal. Tony avoided 12) ............. (give) them a sour dessert. He served them a sweet dessert instead, and after that they couldn't stay angry with each other. People aren't accustomed 13) …………… (be/served) meals that are not of their own choice, but Tony seems 14) ………. (know) exactly what people will like. This restaurant is certainly worth 15) ………. (visit).
Ex.7. Complete the sentences with one of given verbs and, if necessary, an appropriate object.
denied found heard imagined missed put off remembered spotted watched
1. I remembered (him) borrowing the book, but not returning it.
2. Through the bedroom window, I __ leaving the house.
3. The evidence seemed overwhelming, but Mason __ committing the murder.
4. We can’t __ buying a new car any longer. The one we’ve got now just doesn’t start in the morning.
5. We searched the house, and eventually __ reading a book in her bedroom.
6. I __ calling my name, so I went outside to see who was there.
7. I closed my eyes and __ lying on a deserted beach in the sunshine.
8. As the sun set, we __ appearing in the sky.
9. Mark was a good guitarist, and after he went home we __ playing in the garden in the evenings.
Ex.8. Bill Brown was arrested for stealing a car. Here are some of his answers to questions during his trial. Report what he said with the verbs given + an -ing form.
admit consider deny notice recall regret
“Yes, I was certainly in town around midnight... I saw two men looking into all the parked cars... now you mention it, I think I did hear a car being driven away... I didn’t think about telling the police... I certainly didn’t steal the car... I wish I hadn’t gone out that night!”
Example: He admitted being in town around midnight.
Which of your sentences could be rewritten with having + past participle with little difference in meaning?
Ex.9. If possible, rewrite these sentences using the possessive form of the object.
1. I disapproved of him smoking in the house. I disapproved of his smoking.
2. We discovered the children hiding the chocolates under their beds.
3. The plan envisages Tony becoming Director next year.
4. If the authorities catch anyone breaking the rules, the punishment is severe.
5. I could imagine the car failing its annual inspection.
6. We objected to the company building a petrol station in our road.
7. It amuses me to think of him sitting at a desk in a suit and tie.
8. My mother disapproved of the cat sleeping in my bedroom.
Ex.10. Consider which verb form is more likely and why.
1. I heard the baby cry/crying for most of the night.
2. I felt the snake bite/biting me and saw it slither off into the bushes.
3. When you came out of the station, did you notice the children play/playing musical instruments across the street?
4. I noticed her quickly slip/slipping the necklace inside her coat and leave the shop.
Ex.11. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the infinitive or -ing form.
Steam trains were replaced by electric ones years ago, so when the newspaper I work for heard that the “Black Admiral” steam engine had been restored, they decided 1) to send (send) me on its first trip. I didn’t object to 2) __ (go) even though I generally dislike 3) __ (travel) by train. In fact I was looking forward 4) __ (see) something I had never seen before. When I arrived at the station I saw lots of people 5) __ (celebrate) the rebirth of the Admiral, and I was glad 6) __ (be) part of the party. At 2 o’clock everyone was ready 7) __ (board) the train. I settled myself into a compartment where I was soon joined by an old man who claimed 8) __ (be) one of the original workers on the Admiral. He claimed 9) __ (work) for a penny a day, and told me how much he had hated 10) __ (be/covered) in coal dust all the time. His family had been too poor 11) __ (buy) more than the basic necessities. It was a sad story, but it was a pleasure 12) __ (listen) to him. At every station people we waiting 13) __ (greet) the train, and it was exciting 14) __ (see) the spectators’ faces as the past seemed 15) __ (come) alive again. If all trains were as appealing as the Black Admiral, I would choose 16) __ (travel) by train all the time.
Ex.12. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the infinitive or -ing form.
For Thomas 1) to agree (agree) to go on a walking holiday was very surprising. He usually hated __ (do) outdoor activities of any kind. We thought we’d have difficulty in 3) __ (persuade)him but it was his idea 4) __ (set off) the very next day. We suggested 5) __ (go) to the Lake District as it would be the best place 6) __ (find) hotel rooms each night. Though we’d have preferred 7) __ (take) the coach, Thomas encouraged us 8) __ (travel) by train. We decided 9) __ (meet) at the station early the next morning as we wanted 10) __ (be) in Carlisle by midday. Imagine the look on our faces when Thomas arrived on a huge, brand-new motorbike. “Do you think I’ll be allowed 11) __ (take) it on the train?” he said. “It needs 12) __ (run in) an holiday’s the ideal time 13) __ (do) it!”
Ex.13. Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or -ing form.
1. A: I’ll never forget traveling (travel) across America.
B: Yes, but you forgot __ (send) me a postcard, didn’t you?
2. A: I hate __ (ask) you, but can you help me with the housework?
B: Sure, but remember I hate __ (do) the vacuuming.
3. A: The door wants __ (fix).
B: I know. I wanted __ (ask) the carpenter to come and have a look but I forgot.
4. A: I’m sorry__ (put) you in such a difficult position.
B: It’s OK. I’m sorry for __ (shout) at you.
5. A: I’d prefer __ (spend) this weekend at home.
B: Really? I prefer __ (go out) whenever I’ve got free time.
6. A: Did he go on __ (talk) about the same boring topics all night?
B: No, he went on __ (show) us his holiday photos.
7. A: Don’t be afraid __ (talk) to her in French.
B: I can’t. I’m afraid of __ (make) mistakes.
8. A: I meant __ (tell) you there’s a job vacancy at the chemist’s.
B: Well, I won’t apply if it means __ (work) at the weekend.
9. A: Why don’t you try __ (take) a different medicine if you’re still ill?
B: I think I’ll just try __ (get) some more sleep.
10. A: Let’s stop __ (have) something to eat.
B: Again? I wish you’d stop __ (eat) so much!
11. A: The notice says the gallery regrets __ (inform) us that the Picasso exhibition has finished.
B: Oh, no! Now I regret __ (not/go) last week.
12. A: Did you remember __ (post) the letters?
B: I remember __ (take) them but I think I’ve left them on my desk.
Ex.14. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive or the -ing form.
Eli Bilston always enjoyed 1) telling (tell) us about his life, and we were always afraid 2) __ (interrupt) him because he had a very hot temper. He had left school at thirteen, and he had managed to avoid 3) __ (look for) a real job by 4) __ (work) for his father in he family scrapyard. He was supposed 5) __ (check) the weight of scrap metal leaving the yard, but he always preferred 6) __ (sit) around and 7) __ (make) cups of tea for the other workers instead. You won’t be surprised 8) __ (hear) that eventually Eli’s father noticed him 9) __ (waste) time 10) __ (do) nothing, and asked him 11) __ (find)another job. Eli never regretted 12) __ (have) to leave the scrapyard, because his next job was even easier! He was employed at Dudley Zoo as a nightwatchman, where he found it a pleasure just 13) __ (sit) and 14) __ (watch) the monkeys 15) __ (play) in their cages. His only duty was __ (feed) the jaguars at dawn - something which he claims he only forgot 17) __ (do) once man in his time there. He said that he would never forget 18) __ (see) the zookeeper’s face after the poor man had tried 19) __ (give) them their lunch - they had nearly eaten him alive! After 20) __ (work) in the zoo for six years, war broke out in Europe and Eli went on 21) __ (join) the army in the hope of finding some adventure.
Ex.15. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive or the -ing form.
1. I used to love visiting Santorini so much that I finally bought a house there.
2. He couldn’t bear __his mother the truth because he didn’t want to upset her.
3. I’m sorry, I don’t remember __you before.
4. I’ll have to go to Belgium by train – I’m afraid of __
5. You are required __this form before you can start the job.
6. Before you leave, don’t forget __the plants.
7. I regret __you that your house must be demolished.
8. If we want to catch the early train, it means __up early tomorrow morning.
9. I would prefer __to the cinema for a change - we always go to the theatre.
10. There’s no point __! It was your decision after all.
11. The explorer escaped from the lion only __himself surrounded by savages.
12. As a child, I spent so much time __that people used to call me “the Fish”.
13. If you can’t get the stain out of your shirt, you could try __salt on it.
14. He regretted __lies to his parents.
15. Try __some more pepper to the soup. It might taste better.
16. Please stop __! There’s a meeting in progress next door.
17. The thief got into the manager’s office by pretending __a cleaner.
18. You must complete this exercise without __a dictionary.
19. Acid rain is said __many trees all over Europe.
20. What do you mean Bob’s a vegetarian? I saw him __a chicken sandwich only yesterday.
Ex.16. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive or the –ing form.
1. I advise you to take (take) some money in case the banks are shut.
2. My mother used………. (encourage) us to eat lots of vegetables.
3. Don’t forget …………… (lock) the door when you leave the office.
4. Do you remember………….. (swim) in Lake Langaron last summer?
5. When you finish this exercise go on…………… (do) the composition on page 11.
6. Would you mind …………. (turn) the radio down? I’ve got a headache.
7. Why don’t we try ……….. (eat) some Thai food for a change?
8. They stopped running ………… (have) a rest.
9. He put off……….. (tell) her the bad news.
10. I really regret ……………….. (spend) so much money at the weekend.
11. I suggest…………… (look) this word up in a dictionary.
12. David was too afraid ……………. (swim) in the rough sea.
13. He doesn’t look old enough …………. (be/married).
14. I couldn’t stop ………….. (wonder) whether I had done the right thing.
15. In general I prefer…………… (watch) films on the big screen rather than on TV.
16. I’m sorry, I didn’t mean ……….. (hurt) you.
17. Don’t you dare ……………… (be) late again.
18. I need to get a job. I’m tired of ……………. (have) to rely on my parents for money.
19. Have you considered ……… (learn) another language?
20. I can’t stand …………………. (listen) to you complaining all the time.
Ex.17. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. “I was lonely at first,” the old man admitted, “but after a time I got used to living (live) alone and even got to (like) it.”
2. Before trains were invented people used (travel) on horseback or in stage coaches. It used (take) a stage coach three days (go) from London to Bath.
3. I meant (buy) an evening paper but I .didn’t see anyone (sell) them.
4. Tom: I want (catch) the 7 a.m. train tomorrow.
Ann: But that means (get) up at 6.00; and you’re not very good at (get) up early, are you?
5. He accepted the cut in salary without complaint because he was afraid (complain). He was afraid of (lose) his job.
6. She remembers part of her childhood quite clearly. She remembers (go) to school for the first time and (be) frightened and (put) her finger in her mouth. And she remembers her teacher (tell) her (take) it out.
7. Did you remember (lock) the car? ~ No, I didn’t. I’d better (go) back and (do) it now.
8. No, I didn’t move the bomb. I was afraid (touch) it; I was afraid of (be) blown to pieces!
9. Next time we go (house-hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions. I wasted hours (look) for the last house.
10. Tom: Let’s (go) for a swim.
Ann: I’m not particularly keen on (swim). What about (go) for a drive instead?
11. The hunters expected (be paid) by the foot for the snakes they caught. This meant (take) the snakes out of the sack and (measure) them. They seemed (expect) me (do) it; but I wasn’t particularly anxious (be) the first (die) of snakebite.
12. After (spend) two days (argue) about where to go for their holidays, they decided (not go) anywhere.
13. He is talking about (give) up his job and (go) (live) in the country.
14. I was just about (leave) the office when the phone rang. It was my wife: she wanted me (call) at the butcher’s on my way home.
15. He said, “I’m terribly sorry to (keep) you (wait).” I said, “It doesn’t matter at all,” but he went on (apologize) for nearly five minutes!
16. The lecturer began by (tell) us where the island was, and went on
(talk) about its history.
17. My father thinks I am not capable of (earn) my own living, but I
mean (show) him that he is wrong.
18. Tom: I can’t get my car (start) on cold mornings.
Jack: Have you tried (fill) the radiator with hot water? That
sometimes helps.
19. Did he manage (carry) the trunk upstairs? ~ No, he didn’t. He isn’t strong enough (move) it, let alone (carry) it upstairs.
20. Jack: Don’t forget (take) a hacksaw with you.
Ann: What’s a hacksaw? And why should I (take) one with me?
Jack: It’s a tool for (cut) metal. You see, Tom is bound (get) into trouble for (take) photographs of the wrong things, and you’ll be arrested with him. With a hacksaw you’ll be able (saw) through the bars of your cell and (escape).
21. Peter: Wouldn’t it be better (ask) Tom (leave) his camera at home?
Jack: It would be no good (ask) Tom (do) that. It would be like (ask) a woman (travel) without a handbag.
22. I’ve got the loaf; now I’m looking for a bread knife (cut) it with.
~ I saw Paul (sharpen) a pencil with the bread knife a minute ago.
23. We stopped once (buy) petrol and then we stopped again (ask) someone the way.
24. When I caught them (cheat) me, I stopped (buy) petrol there and started (deal) with your garage instead.
25. Do you feel like (dine) out or would you rather (have) dinner at home? ~ I’d like (go) out. I always enjoy (have) dinner in a restaurant.
26. Your hair needs (cut). You’d better (have) it done tomorrow— unless you’d like me (have) a go at it for you.
27. I tried (convince) him that I was perfectly capable of (manage) on my own, but he insisted on (help) me.
28. Jack: I don’t mind (travel) by bus, but I hate (stand) in queues.
Tom: I don’t care for (queue) either; and you waste so much time
(wait) for buses. I think it’s better (go) by tube, or taxi.
29. He took to (follow) me about and (criticize) my work till I threatened (hit) him.
30. I have (stay) here; I’m on duty. But you needn’t (wait); you’re free
(go) whenever you like.
31. In Animal Farm the old pig urged the animals (rebel) against man
but he warned them (not adopt) man’s habits.
32. There is no point in (arrive) half an hour early. We’d only have
(wait). ~ I don’t mind (wait). It’s better (be) too early than too late.
33. I always try (come) in quietly but they always hear me (go) upstairs. It’s impossible (climb) an old wooden staircase at night without (make) a noise.
34. If you agree (work) for me I’ll see about (get) you a work permit.
35. We’d better (start) early. We don’t want (risk) (get) caught in a traffic jam.
36. He suggested (call) a meeting and (let) the workers (decide) the matter themselves.
Ex.18. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. We suggested sleeping (sleep) in hotels but the children were anxious (camp) out.
2. Paul: Would you like (come) to a lecture on Wagner tonight?
Ann: No, thanks. I like (listen) to music but I don’t like (listen) to people (talk) about it.
3. If you want the milkman (leave) you milk in the morning, remember (put) a milk bottle outside your door.
4. They let us park motorcycles here but they won’t allow us (park) cars.
5. They don’t allow (smoke) in the auditorium; they don’t want (risk) (set) it on fire, but you can (smoke) in the foyer during the interval,
6. Mr. Shaw is very busy (write) his memoirs. He is far too busy (receive) callers (he is so busy that he can’t receive callers), so you’d better just (go) away.
7. What about (buy) double quantities of everything today? That will save (shop) again later in the week.
8. The inspector asked (see) my ticket and when I wasn’t able (find) it he made me (buy) another. ~ He probably suspected you of (try) (travel) without one.
9. Would you like me (turn) down the radio a bit? ~ No, it’s all right. I’m used to (work) with the radio on.
10. One of the gang suggested (take) the body out to sea, (drop) it overboard and (pretend) that it had been an accident.
11. I want the boy (grow) up hating violence but his father keeps (buy) him guns and swords. ~ It’s almost impossible (prevent) boys (play) soldiers.
12. Would you children mind (keep) quiet for a moment? I’m trying (fill) in a form. It’s no use (ask) children (keep) quiet. They can’t help (make) a noise.
13. I’m thinking of (go) to Oxford tomorrow on my motorbike. Would you like (come)? ~ No. thanks. I want (go) Oxford, but I’d rather (go) by train. I loathe (travel) by road.
14. Let’s (go) (fish) today. There’s a nice wind. What about (come) with us, Ann? ~ No. thanks. I’m very willing (cut) sandwiches for you but I’ve no intention of (waste) the afternoon (sit) in a boat (watch) you two (fish).
15. He resented (be) asked (wait). He expected the minister (see) him at once.
16. The police have put up a railing here (prevent) people (rush) out of the station and (dash) straight across the road.
17. All day long we saw the trees (toss) in the wind and heard the waves (crash) against the rocks.
18. I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the cakes looked so good that I
couldn’t resist (try) one.
19. Do you feel like (walk) there or shall we (take) a bus? ~ I’d rather (go) by bus. Besides, it’ll take ages (get) there on foot.
20. All right. When would you like (start)? In a few minutes? ~ Oh, let’s wait till it stops (rain); otherwise we’ll get soaked (walk) to the bus station.
21. The old miser spent all his time (count) his money and (think) up new hiding-places. He kept (move) it about because he was terrified of (be robbed). He used (get) up at night sometimes (make) sure it was still there.
22. Jack suggested (let) one flat and (keep) the other for myself. But Tom advised me (sell) the whole house.
23. The child used (lean) on the gate (watch) the people (go) to work in the mornings and (come) home in the evenings. And he used to hear them (shout) greetings to each other and (talk) loudly.
24. He soon got (know) most of them and even managed (learn) the greetings. Then they began (greet) him too on their way to work and sometimes would stop (talk) to him on their way home.
25. He succeeded in (untie) himself, (climb) out of the window and (crawl) along a narrow ledge to the window of the next room.
26. Did you have any trouble (find) the house? ~ No, but I had a lot of difficulty (get) in. Nobody seemed (know) where the key was.
27. Bill couldn’t bear (see) anyone (sit) round idly. Whenever he found me (relax) or (read) he would (produce) a job which, he said, had (be) done at once. I wasted a morning (perform) his ridiculous tasks and spent the rest of the weekend (keep) out of his way.
28. After (spend) a week in the cottage, he decided that he didn’t really enjoy (live) in the country and began (think) of an excuse for (sell) the cottage and (return) to London.
29. It’s no use (argue) with him. You might as well (argue) with a stone wall. He is incapable of (see) anyone else’s point of view.
30. I’m delighted (hear) that you can come on Saturday. We are all looking forward to (see) you. Remember (bring) your rubber boots
31. He has been charged with (receive) and (sell) stolen goods. He has admitted (receive) but denies (sell) them. The fact is that he hasn’t had time (sell) them yet.
32. He noticed the helicopter (hover) over the field. Then, to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder (be) thrown out and three men (climb) down it. He watched them (run) across the field and out through a gate. Later he saw a car with lout men in it (come) out of the lane (lead) to the field.
33. He admitted that it was possible that the car happened (be passing) and that the three men persuaded the driver (give) them a lift: but he thought it much more likely that they had arranged for the car (pick) them up and that the driver had been waiting in the lane lot the helicopter (drop) them.
34. What about (have) a picnic in Piccadilly Circus? ~ What an extraordinary place (have) a picnic! Fancy (sit) there with the traffic (swirl) round you and the pigeons (take) bites out of your sandwiches!
35. Would you mind (write) your address on the back of the cheque and (show) us some proof of your identity?
36. Let’s (swim) across. ~ I’m not really dressed for (swim). What’s wrong with (go) round by the bridge?
Ex.19. Underline the correct participle.
A. On Saturday, I took my children to the circus. I thought I would have a 1) boring/bored time, but actually I was quite 2) astonishing/ astonished by the 3) amazing/amazed acts. We were 4) stunning/stunned by the acrobats. They balanced on top of each other with incredible ease. We were really 5) impressing/impressed by their performance. The children found the lion-tamer’s act 6) exciting/excited. I felt 7) terrifying/terrified when he put his hands into the lion’s mouth, but the children were 8) amusing/amused and they clapped loudly. A magician performed many incredible tricks; it was 9) fascinating/fascinated to watch him make various objects disappear and reappear. The children were more 10) interesting/interested in the elephant act. When the huge animals came into the arena, the audience cheered. The elephants were well-trained and their tricks were 11) entertaining/entertained. Some children from the audience were invited to ride on the elephants’ backs. My children were 12) disappointing/disappointed when they were not chosen, but their disappointment faded when the clowns took the centre ring. It was quite a 13) captivating/captivated show. By the time we got home we all felt 14) exhausting/exhausted.
B. 1. A: Have you read that new book yet?
B: Only some of it. It’s very bored/boring.
2. A: Did you enjoy your holiday?
B: Oh, yes. It was very relaxed/relaxing.
3. A: I’m going to a lecture tonight. Do you want to come?
B: No thanks. I’m not interested/interesting in the subject.
4. A: Did you hurt yourself when you fell?
B: No, but it was very embarrassed/embarrassing.
5. A: Shall I turn off the lights?
B: No. I’m frightened/frightening of the dark.
6. A: Was Mother upset when you broke her vase?
B: Not really, but she was very annoyed/annoying.
7. A: How do you feel today?
B: I still feel very tired/tiring.
8. A: I haven’t seen Mr Green for several days.
B: Neither have I. It’s a bit worried/worrying.
Ex.20. Rewrite the sentences using participles.
1. He was lying on the bed and he was reading a book.
He was lying on the bed reading a book.
2. Lisa took a deep breath and dived into the water.
3. Jack burnt his finger while he was lighting a fire
4. After Ann had ironed the clothes, she put them away.
5. Because he was cold, James turned on the heater.
6. The photographs, which were taken at the reception, were blurred.
7. Alison washed the paintbrushes before she painted the living room.
8. She was sitting on the sofa and she was knitting a jumper.
9. The girl who is sitting next to Alison is Vicky.
10. Because he had forgotten to do the shopping, he ate out that night.
11. Emma turned the key in the lock and opened the door.
Ex.21. Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
2. She let me to use her computer. (to)
3. The Persian rug was too expensive for us to buy it.
4. Taking regular exercise it is beneficial to your health.
5. In addition to be losing her purse, Joan also lost her passport.
6. We saw the Queen to welcome the British Olympic winners.
7. It was enough too late to find accommodation elsewhere.
8. We would sooner to renew our contract than move somewhere else.
9. The archaeologist is believed to have being found the tomb of the ancient King.
10. He might to be given a more responsible position in future.
11. To making promises you do not intend to keep is dishonest.
12. Those curtains want being dry-cleaning.
13. She prefers working out than to sitting at home doing nothing.
14. I would like entertaining people at home at the weekends.
15. We enjoy going for fishing from time to time.
16. It’s no use you spending money on impractical household items.
17. She’ll never forget to meeting Bruce Springsteen.
18. He was afraid of to tell his parents that he had damaged the car.
19. Shirley won’t accept their offer if it means that working at the weekend.
UNIT 3. MODAL VERBS
! Study the information in Appendix 3.
Ex.1. Identify the use of the verbs in italics, then rewrite the sentences as many ways as possible.
1. She can cook Chinese food.
2. Tim may come over today.
3. He should be at the party tonight.
4. They must have gone out; the lights are off.
5. I need to call my mother.
6. You ought to take an umbrella; it’s raining.
7. You could at least have driven her to work.
8. I have to help Mum clean the house.
9. Can I have a look at your newspaper?
10. Would you like me to carry that for you?
11. We can go to the beach tomorrow.
12. You may not smoke in the hospital.
13. All employees must attend the meeting.
14. The dogs need to be fed at 12:00.
15. You should go to Pam’s party.
16. Shall we go out tonight?
17. People ought to drive more carefully.
18. She can’t be feeling well.
Ex.2. Complete the sentences using the words in italics.
1. I’m sure she lost the race.
have She must have lost the race.
2. Perhaps she will phone us sometime today.
may She __ sometime today.
3. I don’t think the Rogers have been living here long.
been The Rogers __ here long.
4. I’m sure he has spent all his money.
have He__ all his money.
5. I’m sure James won’t be seeing the boss tomorrow.
be James __the boss tomorrow.
6. Perhaps he is feeling ill.
be He__ ill.
7. I’m sure Alan wasn’t driving carelessly.
been Alan…………carelessly.
8. Perhaps he had left before you called.
have He__ before you called.
9. I’m sure she is considering your offer.
be She__ your offer.
10. Perhaps they rented the flat.
may They__ the flat.
Ex.3. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
1. Let’s go jogging. (shall). Shall we go jogging?
2. Please turn the TV off. (could).
3. Am I allowed to sit here? (may).
4. Please answer the phone. (will).
5. Don’t bite your nails. (must).
6. Do you mind if I use your pen? (can).
7. I wish I had checked the tyres. (ought).
8. These curtains don’t have to be ironed. (need).
9. It’s not polite to speak with your mouth full. (should).
10. Why don’t we visit Mark and Jane? (shall).
11. Is there any chance that he’ll phone? (likely).
12. It’s advisable to brush your teeth after meals. (should).
13. There’s a possibility that he’ll arrive a little late. (might).
14. Do you know how to ice-skate? (can).
15. It wasn’t necessary to show any identification but he did. (need).
16. Why didn’t you tell me there was no one in? (could).
17. It wasn’t necessary for us to wait because there was no queue. (need).
18. Let’s go to the cinema tonight. (shall).
19. It’s important that you be here at 9.00. (must).
20. I’m sure he is a millionaire. (must).
21. Perhaps he'll change his mind. (may).
22. Please, help me carry these! (could).
23. I don’t believe she paid so much for that dress. (can).
24. It’s a good idea to lock the door at night. (should).
25. Is there any chance we’ll get a pay rise? (likely).
26. Why didn’t they inform us of the delay? (could).
27. We could try to mend it ourselves. (Let's).
28. It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much trouble.(need).
29. It’s a good idea to show more respect. (ought to).
30. You have to inform the bank of any change of address. (must).
Ex.4. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word or phrase practising modals.
1. She must have worked (work) late last night; she looks exhausted.
2. When we emigrated to Australia, we __ (leave) our pets behind.
3. __ (we/go)? It’s getting late.
4. You __ (start) learning Spanish if you’re going to live in Madrid.
5. You __ (be) kinder to her; she’s only a baby.
6. __ (you/collect) my parcel for me?
7. You __ (not/smoke) cigars on an aero plane.
8. You __ (not/pay) by cheque without a cheque guarantee car.
9. The doctor says I … (lose)… weight before my operation.
10. __ (I/paint) my room a different colour, please?
11. You really __ (not/eat) so much red meat.
12. He __ (take) your car since he had the keys.
13. I’m sorry to bother you but__ (you/help) me?
14. Call them later; they__ (sleep) now.
15. You __ (write) to your grandfather more often.
16. She types very fast. Actually she __ (type) 150 words per minute.
17. You __ (confirm) your resignation in writing.
18. Ian __ (tell) her the truth; she now feels betrayed.
19. Ann __ (play) the piano at the age of six.
20. They __ (sell) their flat and buy a bigger one.
Ex.5. Complete the sentences using can or (be) able to.
1. George has travelled a lot. He can speak four languages.
2. I __sleep very well recently.
3. Sandra __ drive but she hasn’t got a car.
4. I can’t understand Martin. I’ve never __ understand him.
5. I used to __ stand on my head but I can’t do it now.
6. I can’t see you on Friday but I __ meet you on Saturday morning.
7. Ask Catherine about your problem. She might __ help you.
Ex.6. Complete the answers to the questions with was/were able to.
1. A: Did everybody escape from the fire?
B: Yes. Although the fire spread quickly, everybody was able to escape.
2. A: Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
B: Not really. Ann had given us good directions and we__ .
3. A: Did you finish your work this afternoon?
B: Yes. There was nobody to disturb me, so__ .
4. A: Did the thief get away?
B: Yes. No one realized what was happening and the thief __ .
Ex.7. Complete the sentences using could, couldn’t or was/were able to.
1. My grandfather was a very clever man. He could speak five languages.
2. I looked everywhere for the book but I __ find it.
3. They didn’t want to come with us at first but we__ persuade them.
4. Laura had hurt her leg and __walk very well.
5. Sue wasn’t at home when I phoned but I __contact her at her office.
6. I looked very carefully and I __ see a figure in the distance.
7. I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first shop I went to didn’t have any but I __ get some in the next shop.
8. My grandmother loved music. She__ play the piano very well.
9. A girl fell into the river but fortunately we __ rescue her.
10. I had forgotten to bring my camera so I__take any photographs.
Ex.8. Put in can or could. Sometimes either word is possible.
1. “The phone is ringing. Who do you think it is?” “It could be Tim.”
2. I’m really hungry. I __eat a horse!
3. If you’re very hungry, we __ have dinner now.
4. It’s so nice here. I __stay here all day but unfortunately I have to go.
5. “I can’t find my bag. Have you seen it?” “No, but it __ be in the car.”
6. Peter is a keen musician. He plays the flute and he __ also play the piano.
7. “What shall we do?” “There’s a film on television. We __ watch that.”
8. The weather is nice now but it __ change later.
Ex.9. Complete the sentences. Use could or could have + a suitable verb.
1. A: What shall we do this evening?
B: I don’t mind. We could go to the cinema.
2. A: I had a very boring evening at home yesterday.
B: Why did you stay at home? You __ to the cinema.
3 A: There’s an interesting job advertised in the paper. You __for it.
B: What sort of job is it? Show me the advertisement.
4. A: Did you go to the concert last night?
B: No. We __ but we decided not to.
5. A: Where shall we meet tomorrow?
B: Well, I__ to your house if you like.
Ex.10. Read this information about Ken:
Ken didn’t do anything on Saturday evening.
Ken was short of money last week.
Ken doesn’t know anything about machines.
Ken’s car was stolen on Monday.Ken was free on Monday afternoon.
Ken had to work on Friday evening.
Some people wanted Ken to do different things last week but they couldn’t contact him. So he didn’t do any of these things. You have to say whether he could have done or couldn’t have done them.
1. Ken’s aunt wanted him to drive her to the airport on Tuesday.
He couldn’t have driven her to the airport (because his car had been stolen)
2. A friend of his wanted him to go out for a meal on Friday evening.
3. Another friend wanted him to play tennis on Monday afternoon.
4. Jack wanted Ken to lend him £50 last week.
5. Jane wanted Ken to come to her party on Saturday evening.
6. Ken’s mother wanted him to repair her washing machine.
Ex.11. Put in must or can’t.
1. You’ve been traveling all day. You must be very tired.
2. That restaurant __ be very good. It’s always full of people.
3. That restaurant __ be very good. It’s always empty.
4. You’re going on holiday next week. You __ be looking forward to it.
5. It rained every day during their holiday, so they__ have had a very nice time.
6. Congratulations on passing your exam. You __ be very pleased.
7. You got here very quickly. You __ have walked very fast.
8. Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so theybe short of money.
Ex.12. Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.
1. I’ve lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.
2. They haven’t lived here for long. They can’t __many people.
3. Ted isn’t at work today. He must __ ill .
4. Ted wasn’t at work last week. He must __ ill.
5. (The doorbell rings) I wonder who that is. It can’t __ Mary. She’s still at work at this time.
6. Carol knows a lot about films. She must __ to the cinema a lot.
7. Look. Jack is putting on his hat and coat. He must __ out.
8. I left my bike outside the house last night and this morning it isn’t here any more. Somebody must __ it.
9. Ann was in a very difficult situation. It can’t __ easy for her.
10. There is a man walking behind us. He has been walking behind us for the last 20 minutes. He must __ us.
Ex.13. Read the situations and use the words in brackets to write sentences with must have and can’t have.
1. The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. (I / asleep) I must have been asleep.
2. Jane walked past me without speaking. (she / see / me)
3. The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it / very expensive)
4. I haven’t seen the people next door for ages. (they / go away)
5. I can’t find my umbrella. (I / leave / it in the restaurant last night)
6. Don passed the exam without studying for it. (the exam / very difficult)
7. She knew everything about our plans. (she / listen / to our conversation)
8. Fiona did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (she / understand / what I said)
9. When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (I / forget / to turn it off)
10. The lights were red but the car didn’t stop. (the driver / see / the red light)
11. I was woken up in the middle of the night by the noise next door. (the neighbours / have / a party)
Ex.14. Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. Use may or might.
1. I can’t find George anywhere. I wonder where he is.
a (he / go / shopping) He may have gone shopping.
b (he / play / tennis) He might be playing tennis.
2. I’m looking for Helen. Do you know where she is?
a (she / watch / TV / in her room) __.
b (she / go / out) __.
3. I can’t find my umbrella. Have you seen it?
a (it / be / in the car)__.
b (you / leave / in the restaurant last night) __.
4. Why didn’t Tom answer the doorbell? I’m sure he was in the house at the time.
a (he / be / in the bath)__.
b (he / not / hear / the bell) __.
Ex.15. Complete the sentences using might not or couldn’t.
1. A: Do you think she saw you?
B: No, she was too far away. She couldn’t have seen me.
2. A: I wonder why she didn’t say hello. Perhaps she didn’t see me.
B: That’s possible. She might not have seen you.
3. A: I wonder why Ann didn’t come to the party. Perhaps she wasn’t invited.
B Yes, it’s possible. She __.
4. A: Tom loves parties. I’m sure he would have come to the party if he’d been invited.
B: I agree. He__
5. A: I wonder how the fire started. Do you think it was an accident?
B: No, the police say it __ .
6. A: How did the fire start? I suppose it was an accident.
B: Well, the police aren’t sure. They say it __.
Ex.16. Complete these sentences with must or have to (in the correct form). Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only have to is possible.
1. It’s later than I thought. I must or have to go now.
2. Jack left before the end of the meeting. He __ go home early.
3. In Britain many children __ wear uniform when they go to school.
4. When you come to London again, you __ come and see us.
5. Last night Don became ill suddenly. We __ call a doctor.
6. You __ work harder if you want to pass the examination.
7. I’m afraid I can’t come tomorrow. I __ work late.
8. I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I __ work late.
9. Paul doesn’t like his new job. Sometimes he __ work at weekends.
10. Caroline may __ go away next week.
11. We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We __ take it to a garage.
12. Julia wears glasses. She__ wear glasses since she was very young.
Ex.17. Make questions with have to.
| 1. I had to go to hospital last week. | Why did you have to go to hospital? |
| 2. I have to get up early tomorrow. | Why __ early? |
| 3. Ann has to go somewhere now. | Where __ she __? |
| 4. George had to pay a parking fine yesterday. | How much __ ? |
| 5. I had to wait a long time for the bus. | How long __? |
| 6. I have to phone my sister now. | Why__ ? |
| 7. Paul has to leave soon. | What time___? |
Ex.18. Complete these sentences with mustn’t or don’t/doesn’t have to.
1. I don’t want anyone to know. You mustn’t tell anyone.
2. He __ wear a suit to work but he usually does.
3. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I __ go to work.
4. Whatever you do, you __ touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.
5. There’s a lift in the building, so we __ climb the stairs.
6. You __ forget what I told you. It’s very important.
7. Sue __ get up early. She gets up early because she wants to.
8. Don’t make so much noise. We __ wake the baby.
9. I __ eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet.
10. You __ be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
Ex.19. Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t or needn’t.
1. We haven’t got much time. We must hurry.
2. We’ve got plenty of time. We __ hurry.
3. We have enough food at home so web __ go shopping today.
4. Jim gave me a letter to post. I __ remember to post it.
5. Jim gave me a letter to post. I __ forget to post it.
6. There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You __ decide now.
7. You __ wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.
8. This is a valuable book. You __ look after it carefully and you __ lose it.
9. “What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?” “Well, it __ be big – that’s not important. But it __ have a nice garden – that’s essential.”
Ex.20. Write two sentences for each situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second (as in the example).
Why did you rush? Why didn’t you take your time? You needn’t have rushed. You could have taken your time.
1. Why did you walk home? Why didn’t you take a taxi? __.
2. Why did you stay at a hotel? Why didn’t you stay with us? __.
3. Why did she phone me in the middle of the night? Why didn’t she phone me in the morning?__.
4. Why did you leave without saying anything? Why didn’t you say goodbye to me? __.
Ex.21. Read the situations and write sentences with should/shouldn’t. Some of the sentences are past and some are present.
1. I’m feeling sick. I ate too much. I shouldn’t have eaten so much.
2. That man on the motorbike isn’t wearing a helmet. That’s dangerous. He should be wearing a helmet.
3. When we got to the restaurant, there were no free tables. We hadn’t reserved one. We __ .
4. The notice says that the shop is open every day from 8.30. It is 9 o’clock now but the shop isn’t open yet. The shop __.
5. The speed limit is 30 miles an hour, but Catherine is doing 50. She __.
6. I went to Paris. A friend of mine lives in Paris but I didn’t go to see him while I was there. When I saw him later, he said: You __.
7. I was driving behind another car. Suddenly, the driver in front stopped without warning and I drove into the back of his car. It wasn’t my fault. The driver __.
8. I walked into a wall. I wasn’t looking where I was going. I __.
Ex.22. Rephrase the underlined parts in the sentences using must, mustn’t, needn’t, has to or doesn’t have to.
1. You aren’t allowed to park your car in the college car park.
You mustn’t park your car in the college car park.
2. I strongly advise you to speak to your parents about your decision.
3. It isn’t necessary for Emma to attend tomorrow’s staff meeting.
4. Jack is obliged to wear a suit and a tie at work because the manager says so.
5. I’m sure Antonio is from Milan.
6. It’s necessary for Roger to find a job soon.
7. It’s forbidden to use mobile phones inside the hospital.
8. Susan is obliged to work overtime because her boss says so.
Ex.23. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate modal verb. Then, say what they express in each sentence .
1. A: May/Can/Could I borrow your pen, please?
The speaker is asking for permission.
B: No, you __ . I’m using it.
2. A: I’m bored. What shall we do?
B: We __ go for a walk.
A: No, we __ because it’s raining.
B: Let’s watch a video, then.
3. A: My parents told me I __ go to the party tonight.
B: Never mind, I __ go either.
We __ stay at home together, though.
4. A: Sir, __ I speak to you for a moment please?
B: Certainly, but later today; I’m busy now.
5. A: Excuse me?
B: yes?
A: …you tell me where the post office is, please?
B: Certainly. It’s on the main road, next to the school.
6. A: Is anyone sitting on that chair?
B: No, you __take it if you want to.
Ex.24. Study the situations and respond to each one using an appropriate modal verb.
1. You want to go on holiday with you friends this year. Ask your parents for permission. Can I go on holiday with my friends this year?
2. You are at a job interview. You type fast, you use computers and you speak two foreign languages. Tell the interviewer about your abilities.
3. Your brother is trying to decide what to buy your mother for her birthday. You suggest a box of chocolates.
4. Your jacket is dirty and you want to wear it next week. It is necessary to take it to the dry cleaner’s.
5. You want to have a day off work next week. Ask for you boss’ permission.
6. You are in the car with your uncle. It’s hot and you want him to open the window. Make a request.
7. Your mother is going to the shops. She asks you if you want anything. You tell her it isn’t necessary to get anything for you.
Ex.25. Complete the sentences using must or can’t.
1. I’m certain they go to bed early on Sunday nights. They must go to bed early on Sunday nights
2. I’m sure John didn’t stay late at the office. John can’t have stayed late at the office.
3. I’m certain he hasn’t arrived yet. He __ .
4. I’m certain they are working together. They __ .
5. I’m sure Amy hasn’t finished her homework. Amy __ .
6. I’m certain she was having a bath when I rang. She7. I’m sure he hasn’t won the prize. He __.
8. I’m sure she is looking for a new house. She __.
9. I’m certain Paul didn’t invite Linda to the party. Paul __ .
10. I’m certain you have been planning the project. You __ .
11. I’m sure she was writing a letter. She __ .
12. I’m certain they hadn’t paid the bill. They __.
13. I’m sure he had been fixing the pipe. He __ .
Ex.26. Fill in shall or will.
1. Shall I help you with the washing-up?
2. __ we have pizza for dinner tonight?
3. __ you carry this for me, please?
4. What __ we buy for Bob’s birthday?
5. __ you answer the phone, please?
6.Where __ we sit in the classroom?
7. __ you take the rubbish out for me, please?
8. __ we have a barbecue next weekend?
Ex.27. Read the situations, then write how you would respond to them.
1. Your friend has won £10,000 in the lottery. What do you advise her to do? “You should go to Venice.” “Why don’t you go to Venice?”
2. Your friend cannot sleep at night. What do you suggest he does?
3. It is snowing. Tom said he would be home early and he still hasn’t arrived. What do you think?
4. Some children are playing football in the flower beds. What do you say to them?
5. It is your birthday. Your friend gives you a very expensive present. What do you say?
6. You are at a train station. An old lady is carrying a heavy suitcase. How do you offer to help her?
7. You are in a train. The window is open and you are cold. What do you say to the other passengers?
8. You see your window cleaner with a broken arm. What do you say to your friend?
9. You are looking after your young cousin. It is after midnight and he is still running around the house. What do you say to him?
10. Your friend hurt her leg a week ago. She still hasn’t seen her doctor. What do you tell her to do?
11. Your friends are late for your dinner party. What do you say as you impatiently look at your watch?
12. Your friends arrive three hours late for the dinner party. They say they were delayed by an unexpected visitor. How do you reply?
Ex.28. Complete the sentences using the words in italics.
1. Perhaps the car needs a new engine.
need The car may/might need a new engine.
2. Why don’t you go to Canada for a holiday?
could You……………. for a holiday.
3. Shall I get you a cup of tea?
me Would………… you a cup of tea?
4. Sue will probably go to see her aunt.
is Sue…………….to see her aunt.
5. It wasn’t necessary for them to buy such a big car as they did.
have They……….. such a big car.
6. It’s forbidden to smoke in this building.
not You……….. in this building.
7. It would be a good idea to change your hairstyle.
better You …………….your hairstyle.
8. Why didn’t anybody warn me about the bus strike?
have You…………… about the bus strike.
9. It isn’t necessary for you to attend the meeting.
need You………….. the meeting.
10. Let’s go to the cinema.
going What…………. the cinema?
11. I’m sure he is seeing Ruth.
be He……………. Ruth.
12. It isn’t necessary for you to come early tonight.
have You…………… early tonight.
13. I’m sure he didn’t send you this letter.
sent He……………. this letter.
14. May I read your newspaper?
mind Would………… your newspaper?
15. I’m sure she wasn't lying to you.
been She………………to you.
16. She is likely to fail her exams.
that It is………….. her exams.
17. It’s forbidden to talk to the driver while he is driving.
must You…………….. the driver while he is driving.
18. It wasn’t necessary for him to give me the money back so soon.
given He …………….. the money back so soon.
19. Perhaps she went to her uncle's.
have She ……….. to her uncle's.
20. Shall I help you lengthen your dress?
me Would ………. you lengthen your dress?
Ex.29. Rephrase the following sentences in as many ways as possible.
1. You had better book you flight early. You ought to/should/must book your flight early.
2. Would you like me to a Japanese restaurant for a change?
3. Why don’t we go to a Japanese restaurant for a change?
4. I strongly advise you to see a doctor as soon as possible.
5. Can you call Greg for me, please?
6. You ought to have checked the battery before you left.
7. Everybody is obliged to pay taxes.
8. You don’t need to go to the supermarket today.
9. It wasn’t necessary for Betty to call a taxi because I gave her a lift.
10. They managed to get the theatre in time, despite the heavy traffic.
11. You aren’t allowed to keep pets in the building.
12. Do you mind if I take the rest of the day off?
Ex.30. Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1. You needn’t to repeat the course. (to)
2. Mick was being able to change the faulty fuse on his own.
3. Mary might have been helped you if you had asked her.
4. Fortunately, we didn't have needed to walk the whole distance.
5. Would it you like me to pick up the laundry?
6. He should have must known better than to trust her.
7. Jeremy would like that to study nuclear physics.
8. She had has to work overtime every day last month.
9. They ought to have had given us more instructions.
10. Let’s not to argue about this any more.
11. The Prime Minister is being supposed to leave for the USA tonight.
12. Were you allowed it to take photos inside the museum?
13. They can't have had spent all that money in just one week.
14. Children are may not to be left unattended at any time.
15. Would they mind if my bringing a friend along?
16. They must have pack all their things before noon.
17. You should have try to treat customers more politely.
18. Might I to ask you for a favour?
19. You needn’t have to invited so many people.
20. Let’s we go to Ann’s.
Ex.31. Rephrase the parts of the sentences in italics as many ways as possible.
1. I advise you to buy this book. You should/ought to buy this book.
2. It isn’t necessary for him to take the exam again.
3. I’m sure Terry isn’t at the office.
4. It is possible that Janet will call me this evening.
5. You aren’t allowed to clock in and out every day.
6. We are obliged to clock in and out every day.
7. I’m sure the boys weren’t upset with the result.
8. Would you like me to do anything to help?
9. Perhaps we will go for a picnic on Sunday afternoon.
10. Sam managed to reach the top of the mountain after climbing for several hours.
11. How about throwing a party on your birthday?
12. It wasn’t necessary for John to attend the seminar.
13. They are obliged to go to a meeting every week.
13. How about visiting some friends on Saturday?
Unit 4. Passive voice
! Study the information in Appendix 4.
Ex.1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.
1. Holland is said (say) to be one of the prettiest countries in Europe.
2. I hate ………. (tell) lies.
3. My television ………. (deliver) tomorrow.
4. Their telephone ………. (install) yesterday.
5. Teachers ought ………… (pay) a higher salary.
6. Hotel rooms must ………….. (vacate) by 12 noon.
7. The villa ……….. (sell) by public auction next week.
8. She hopes her home ………… (build) by May.
9. Heartbreak House ………….. (write) by George Bernard Shaw.
10. My car ………… (respray) at the moment.
11. Hopefully, she ……….. (promote) by the end of next month.
12. I wish I …………. (teach) how to type when I was at school.
13. Your application should ………… (hand in) last Monday. It's too late now I'm afraid!
14. The wedding reception must ………… (book) a month before the wedding.
15. The building ………… (evacuate) ten minutes before the explosion took place.
Ex.2.
Ex.3. Change the sentences from active into passive. Omit the agent where it can be omitted.
1. Santa Claus will leave your presents in the stocking. Your presents will be left in the stocking by Santa Claus.
2. Bad organisation spoiled their holiday.
3. Teachers mark hundreds of exam papers every year.
4. Who wrote Romeo and Juliet?
5. You should dry your hair before you go out.
6. You mustn’t tell him the truth.
7. She likes people taking her to the theatre.
8. Why didn’t they give her the job?
9. She told them not to tell anyone.
10. They should have given us a bonus.
11. The doctors will bring him in for an examination.
12. Fog has delayed all flights.
13. She didn’t send me any parcels.
14. She had cleaned the house before I got there.
15. When we arrived at the hotel, they had filled all the rooms.
16. Why haven’t you invited Mary to the party?
17. Paula will help you finish your project.
18. The mayor is opening the new community centre next week.
19. We heard her complaining strongly to the manager.
20. You can leave your bags at the left-luggage office.
21. Workmen found some antique vases in the old house.
22. The architects have drawn up plans for the new library.
23. Who gave him the new car?
24. They are going to set the lion free next week.
25. What time do you expect him to arrive?
Ex.4. Change the sentences from passive into active.
1. Who was the Mona Lisa painted by? Who painted the Mona Lisa?
2. The old barn has been pulled down.
3. The results will be published in July.
4. The trip was ruined by bad weather.
5. The letter should have been posted last week.
6. Who was the money raised by?
7. Why hasn’t the house been painted yet?
8. She was heard shouting.
9. How much were you paid?
10. His car has been stolen.
11. I can't bear being cheated.
12. A famous actress will be chosen to advertise the product.
13. John was made to do the washing up.
14. The ozone layer is gradually being destroyed by pollution.
15. A bring-and-buy sale is being held next month.
16. Our house was done up by a famous interior decorator.
17. The cracks in the wall were caused by the earthquake.
18. Thousands of rare birds are killed by hunters every year.
19. Her purse was stolen on the bus.
20. When will we be told the time of his arrival?
21. An ancient village has been uncovered by archaeologists.
22. Why hasn’t the dishwasher been repaired yet?
23. A new drug is being developed by scientists.
24. A new breed of cow is to be introduced into the country by farmers.
25. The furniture will have been removed by noon.
26. Who were you going to be replaced by?
27. The island is being ruined by tourists.
28. Two rooms had been booked for her by her travel agent.
29. She was seen to leave the building.
30. Seats should have been reserved a week ago.
Ex.5. Fill in “by” or “with”.
1. The Magus was written by John Fowles.
2. Who was the radio invented……….?
3. The cyclist was knocked down…………. a bus.
4. Soup is eaten………..a spoon.
5. The car was fixed……….. a mechanic.
6. The glass was cut……….. a special tool.
7. Her hair is coloured……… henna.
8. “Born in the USA” was sung………. Springsteen.
9. The roast was flavoured………. wine.
10. Music will be played………….. the local band.
Ex.6. Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems necessary.
1. The milkman brings the milk to my door but the postman leaves the letters in the hall.
2. In future, perhaps, they won’t bring letters to the houses, and we shall have to collect them from the Post Office.
3. People steal things from supermarkets every day; someone stole twenty bottles of whisky from this one last week.
4. Normally men sweep this street every day, but nobody swept it last week.
5. The postman clears this box three time a day. He last cleared it at 2.30.
6. Someone turned on a light in the hall and opened the door.
7. Women clean this office in the evening after the staff have left; they clean the upstairs offices between seven and eight in the morning.
8. We never saw him in the dining-room. A maid took all his meals up to him.
9. Someone left this purse in a classroom yesterday; the cleaner found it.
10. We build well over 1,000 new houses a year. Last year we built 1,500.
11. We serve hot meals till 10.30, and guests can order coffee and sandwiches up to 11.30.
12. Passengers leave all sorts of things in buses. The conductors collect them and send them to the Lost Property Office.
13. An ambulance took the sick man to hospital. (Mention ambulance.)
14. We kill and injure people on the roads every day. Can’t we do
something about this?
15. Dogs guard the warehouse. The other day a thief tried to get in and
a dog saw him and chased him. (A thief who. . .)
16. The watchman called the police. The police arrested the man. Tom had only a slight injury and they helped him off the field; but Jack was seriously injured and they carried him off on a stretcher. (Tom who had…, but Jack, who was. . .)
17. You can’t wash this dress; you must dry-clean it.
18. They are demolishing the entire block.
19. He recommends fitting new tyres. (Use should)
20. He suggested allowing council tenants to buy their houses.
21. Men with slide rules used to do these calculations; now a computer does them.
22. The court tried the man, found him guilty and sent him to prison.
23. The hall porter polishes the knockers of all the flats every day. ~ Well, he hasn’t polished mine for a week.
24. They are repairing my piano at the moment.
25. Passengers shouldn’t throw away their tickets as inspectors may check these during the journey.
26. They invited Jack but they didn’t invite Tom.
27. The guests ate all the sandwiches and drank all the beer. They left nothing.
28. Has someone posted my parcel?
29. Why did no one inform me of the change of plan?
30. Tom Smith wrote the book and Brown and Co. published it.
31. We shall have to tow the car to the garage.
32. I’m afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more.
33. We will prosecute trespassers.
34. Someone stole my car and abandoned it fifteen miles away. He had removed the radio but done no other damage.
35. You must keep dogs on leads in the gardens.
Ex.7. Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems necessary.
1. They haven’t stamped the letter. The letter hasn’t been stamped.
2. They didn’t pay me for the work; they expected me to do it for nothing.
3. He escaped when they were moving him from one prison to another.
4. She didn’t introduce me to her mother.
5. A frightful crash wakened me at 4 a.m.
6. When they have widened this street the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake all night.
7. They threw away the rubbish.
8. A Japanese firm makes these television sets.
9. An earthquake destroyed the town.
10. A machine could do this much more easily.
11. Visitors must leave umbrellas and sticks in the cloakroom.
12. We ask tenants not to play their radios loudly after midnight.
13. We can’t repair your clock.
14. We cannot exchange articles which customers have bought during the sale. (Articles . . .)
15. We have to pick the fruit very early in the morning; otherwise we can’t get it to the market in time.
16. The police shouldn’t allow people to park there.
17. They are watching my house.
18. The examiner will read the passage three times.
19. Candidates may not use dictionaries.
20. You need not type this letter
21. This used to be number 13, but now I see that someone has crossed
out “13” and written “12A” underneath.
22. You mustn’t move this man; he is too ill. You’ll have to leave him here.
23. They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles.
24. Nobody has used this room for ages.
25. They took him for a Frenchman, his French was so good.
26. You should have taken those books back to the library.
27. They brought the children up in Italy.
28. They have taken down the For Sale notice, so I suppose they have sold the house.
29. Someone broke into his house and stole a lot of his things.
30. We have warned you.
31. A lorry knocked him down.
32. They returned my keys to me; someone had picked them up in the street.
33. We had to give the books back; they did not allow us to take them home.
34. You shouldn’t leave these documents on the desk. You should lock them up.
35. They handed round coffee and biscuits.
36. They have tried other people’s schemes. Why have they never tried
my scheme?
Ex.8. Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice.
1. The government has called out troops.
2. Fog held up the trains. (agent required)
3. You are to leave this here. Someone will call for it later on.
4. We called in the police.
5. They didn’t look after the children properly.
6. They are flying in reinforcements.
7. Then they called up men of 28.
8. Everyone looked up to him. (agent required)
9. All the ministers will see him off at the airport, (agent required)
10. He hasn’t slept in his bed.
11. We can build on more rooms.
12. They threw him out.
13. They will have to adopt a different attitude.
14. He’s a dangerous maniac. They ought to lock him up.
15. Her story didn’t take them in.(agent required).
16. Burglars broke into the house.
17. The manufacturers are giving away small plastic toys with each packet of cereal.
18. They took down the notice.
19. They frown on smoking here.
20. Alter the government had spent a million pounds on the scheme they decided that it was impracticable and gave it up. (Make only the first and last verbs passive).
21. When I returned I found that they had towed my car away. I asked
why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had
parked it under a No Parking sign. (four passive)
22. People must hand in their weapons.
23. The crowd shouted him down.
24. People often take him for his brother.
25. No one has taken out the cork.
26. The film company were to have used the pool for aquatic displays, but now they have changed their minds about it and are filling it in. (Make only the first and last verbs passive).
27. This college is already full. We are turning away students the whole time.
28. You will have to pull down this skyscraper as you have not complied with the town planning regulations.
Ex.9. Change into passive.
A. Police are investigating a series of break-ins in the Hattersby area. Residents have heard noises, but nobody has actually seen anything suspicious. The recent rise in crime in the neighbourhood has shocked residents. Locals are discussing matters of security with the police and they have requested greater police presence in the area.
B. A wealthy businessman has just bought the Black Swan Hotel. The Barrett family owned it for many years, and they should have restored the building many years ago, but they couldn’t find enough money. The new owner is closing the hotel for a few months for redecoration. At the moment workmen are polishing the floors and redecorating all the rooms.
C. Mr Owen Gibbon has discovered a valuable oil painting in the attic of his house in Rochester. George Stubbs, the famous animal artist, painted the work in 1760. Mr Gibbon's great-grandfather bought the picture in the 1890’s, but after his death the family stored it away in the attic. Art historians are examining the painting, and have valued it at £500,000. Mr Gibbon has offered the work to the National Gallery, where experts will restore the picture to its former beauty. They will have finished the restoration work by June.
D. The Winter Production Company has finally released the film which the public has been waiting for for so long: The Hawk. The Winter Company was originally going to release the film in August but they decided to wait until October, as they know that fewer people go to the cinema in the summer. Richard Able directed The Hawk and critics are encouraging people to see it. Cinemas report that British audiences have bought a lot of tickets and that they are sure The Hawk will be a success.
E. Over the past ten years oil spills have polluted the seas surrounding Britain. The tankers spill oil onto the coast and this harms many forms of wildlife. Environmentalists say that they need a lot of volunteers if they are to minimise the damage. In future, the government has promised that it will prosecute the owners of any tankers that pollute the North Sea in this way. The government also hopes that they can prevent such incidents by building more lighthouses along the coastline.
Ex.10. Turn the following sentences into the passive as in the example:
1.They think he is lying.
He is thought to be lying
It is thought that he is lying .
2. They believe he got lost in the forest.
He __
It __
3. They say she has been very ill.
She __
It __
4. They said the president had been shot.
The president __
It __
5. They believe she was taking drugs.
She __
It __
6. They expect he will pass his driving test.
He __
It __
7. They said she was wrongly accused.
She __
It __
8. They believe he is leaving soon.
He __
It __
9. They say his health is very poor.
His health__
It __
10. They report that some papers have been stolen.
Some papers__
It__
Ex.11. Complete the sentences using the words in italics.
1. Many people believe that eating too fast causes indigestion.
believed It is believed that eating too fast causes indigestion.
2. The teacher will send you out if you keep on talking.
be You __if you keep on talking,
3. They are going to transfer him to Portugal.
be He __to Portugal.
4. They will have completed the construction by September.
been The __by September.
5. They are holding the caretaker responsible for the problems.
is The __ for the problems.
6. A journalist is going to cover the story.
be The story __by a journalist.
7. They will have appointed a new director by the end of the week.
been A new __by the end of the week.
8. They gave him a gold watch when he retired.
was He __when he retired.
9. The mother told her son off for shouting.
was He __by his mother for shouting.
10. They are opening the new restaurant this evening.
is The new restaurant __this evening.
Ex.12. Write the sentences in the causative as in the example:
1. Their wedding reception was organised by caterers .
They had their wedding reception organised by caterers .
2. I’ll ask her to make the appointment for Friday.
3. He was mending the table for Sophie.
4. He took his boots to be re-heeled.
5. Has your leg been X-rayed?
6. I will tell James to cancel the meeting tomorrow.
7. Don’t ask them to post the letters.
8. I’ll get the men to move this for you by this evening .
9. The mechanic is repairing her car.
10. They renovated the Smiths’ house last year.
11. They are going to clean our swimming pool.
12. Where do they take their photographs to be developed?
13. He doesn’t mind the barber cutting his hair short.
14. You should ask someone to water your plants while you’re on holiday.
15. Will she get someone to deliver the computer?
16. She prefers sending her clothes to the dry-cleaner’s.
17. My father likes people taking his photograph.
18. Our cooker was being repaired when the lights went off.
19. Would you like someone to do the shopping for you?
20. The beautician polished the model’s nails.
Ex.13. Write sentences in the causative as in the example:
1. The doctor examined Paul’s ankle. What did Paul do? He had his ankle examined .
2. Someone delivers her groceries once a week. What does she do?
3. A hairdresser has cut and styled Pamela’s hair. What has she done?
4. Someone will repair our leaking roof. What will we do?
5. Someone cut the lawn for them while they were away. What did they do?
6. Somebody had serviced their car before they went holiday. What had they done?
7. A builder will do up Jan’s attic. What will Jan do?
8. Someone is designing some furniture for him. What is he doing?
9. A detective investigated the case for her. What did she do?
10. Someone has written the actor’s life story for him. What has he done?
11. Someone is organizing a birthday party for her. What is she doing?
12. The secretary had prepared the minutes for him before the meeting. What had he done?
13. He was building their swimming pool. What were they doing?
14. He had someone paint his daughter’s portrait. What did he do?
Ex.14. Rephrase the following using have, get or make as in the example:
1. She insisted that they go to the meeting She made them go to the meeting .
2. We are going to ask the plumber to install a new shower.
3. We persuaded Paul to lend us some money.
4. The teacher asked Sam to open the window.
5. The dentist insisted that George sit still.
6. Mrs Jones will ask the attendant to fetch her car.
7. The doctor persuaded her to go to hospital.
8. My brother insisted that I give him back his book.
9. She persuaded her friend to help her with the cleaning.
10. We’ll ask the receptionist to give him his key.
11. He insisted on them keeping quiet.
12. My father persuaded me to help him wash his car.
13. Mr Smith insisted that Jane stay late at work.
Ex.15. Put the following sentences into the passive, using an infinitive construction where possible.
1. We added up the money and found that it was correct.
2. I’m employing a man to tile the bathroom.
3. Someone seems to have made a terrible mistake.
4. It is your duty to make tea at eleven o’clock. (Use suppose.)
5. People know that he is armed.
6. Someone saw him pick up the gun.
7. We know that you were in town on the night of the crime.
8. We believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police. (one passive)
9. You needn’t have done this.
10. It’s a little too loose; you had better ask your tailor to take it in. (one passive)
11. He likes people to call him “sir”.
12. Don’t touch this switch.
13. You will have to get someone to see to it.
14. It is impossible to do this. (Use can’t.)
15. Someone is following us.
16. They used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them.(one passive)
17. You have to see it to believe it. (two passive)
18. You order me about and I am tired of it. (I am tired of…)
19. He doesn’t like people laughing at him.
20. You don’t need to wind this watch.
21. They shouldn’t have told him.
22. They decided to divide the money between the widows of the lifeboat- men. (They decided that the money…)
23. People believe that he was killed by terrorists.
24. They are to send letters to the leaders of charitable organizations.
25. We consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced. (one passive)
26. We don’t allow smoking.
27. We know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May.
28. Before they invented printing people had to write everything by hand.
29. They urged the government to create more jobs. (two ways)
30. They suggested banning the sale of alcohol at football matches.
Ex.15. Complete the sentences using the words in italics.
1. The hairdresser will have to cut your hair.
have You’ll have to have your hair cut.
2. A large dog has attacked my cat.
been My cat …………. a large dog.
3. Her mother insisted that she buy a new dress for the party.
her Her …………… mother a new dress for the party.
4. Someone will steal your purse if you don’t look after it.
be Your purse ………..if you don’t look after it.
5. Jane insisted that I have some more cake.
made Jane ………..some more cake.
6. They are resurfacing our drive tomorrow.
resurfaced We …………tomorrow.
7. Our furnace will need servicing soon.
have We will need ………..soon.
8. Someone cleans my house every week.
have I ………..every week.
9. How did he persuade you to do it?
get How ………..do it?
10. She got a friend to make her an evening dress.
made She …………..by a friend.
11. Their house had been burgled when I last saw them.
had They ………….when I last saw them.
12. I asked my parents to pay for my flight home.
had I ………...for my flight home.
13. Hooligans attacked Barney outside the stadium.
got Barney …………..outside the stadium.
14. She doesn’t like ironing so the cleaner does it for her.
done She doesn’t like ironing so ……….by the cleaner.
15. He arranged for a friend to bring his books over from England.
had He ………….from England.
16. Lucy persuaded Andrew to take her out to dinner.
got Lucy got Andrew to take her out to dinner.
17. Our heater needs repairing.
have We’ll …………..repaired.
18. A beautician does her nails every week.
done She …………….by a beautician every week.
19. The dentist is extracting her tooth now.
extracted She ……….now.
20. I’ll ask Mark to fetch my laundry.
have I ………….my laundry.
21. His car was badly damaged in an accident.
had He …………..in an accident.
22. The shopkeepers were forced to work on Christmas Eve.
made The shopkeepers ……….on Christmas Eve.
23. He got someone at the office to send the fax.
sent He ………..by someone at the office.
24. She insisted that we come home early.
made We ………..early.
25. Someone had dented her car when she came out of the shop.
had She…………when she came out of the shop.
26. They can get someone to groom the dog next week.
have They can ……….next week.
27. He used to pay someone to do his accounts once a month.
done He used …………once a month.
28. Why did he insist that I buy this dress?
make Why ………..this dress?
29. Did he ask the nurse to dress the wound?
get Did he …………the wound?
30. The boxer broke his arm in a fight.
broken The boxer …………in a fight.
31. I must have someone look at this painting − it might be valuable.
looked I must ……………- it might be valuable.
32. The contract will have been drawn up for you by the time you get back.
had We will ………..up for you by the time you get back.
33. The police ordered him to tell them what had happened.
made The police …………what had happened.
34. Margery dealt with the new client for him.
got He ………..the new client for him.
Ex.16. Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1. She has been had her house repainted. (been)
2. Did he make you to stay at home?
3. He was been knighted for his service to the country.
4. Liz has had her hair be done.
5. The bankrobbers were been arrested at the airport yesterday.
6. The pictures they were donated to the gallery by the Queen.
7. She did got him to cook dinner for her.
8. He was been stopped at customs.
9. Charlotte had Bill to mend her TV.
10. The symphony was being written by Sibelius.
11. Could you have someone to repair the fax machine?
12. He paid a lot to have had the engine rebuilt.
13. They have their taxes be done by an accountant.
14. The goods will have be shipped to you tomorrow.
15. He likes to having his autograph asked for.
16. Those faxes have to be had sent today.
17. They have had central heating installed last Monday.
18. Jo was been given a beautiful necklace for Christmas.
19. All the windows were being broken in last night's explosion.
20. She had her nose be broken while playing cricket.
Unit 5 . Reported speech
! Study the information in Appendix 5.
Ex.1. Fill in: say, tell or ask in the correct form.
1. Tony said he enjoyed the performance.
2. I can’t __for sure, but I think she’s divorced.
3. Never __me a lie again.
4. The teacher __she was happy with our results.
5. She __me for a loan of $50.
6. Don’t __the secret to anybody else.
7. My neighbour always __hello” whenever he sees me.
8. Please __me if I look okay in this dress.
9. She __ the doctor how long she would have to stay in hospital.
10. He __he had never seen such a ridiculous film before.
11. “Of course I’ll help you,” she __to me.
12. Can you __me the way to the nearest bank?
13. Don’t __ I didn’t __you they were coming.
14. Mum promised to __us a story before we go to bed.
15. I wish she’d stop __ favours.
16. She stopped to __a passer-by the time.
17. The twins look alike. I can’t __one from another.
18. She __me to meet her at the cinema at 8 o’clock.
19. I remember her __ something, I just can’t remember exactly what.
20. And now I would like to __a few words about this year’s competition.
21. To __you the truth, this is the first time I’ve tasted blackberries.
22. She did __me her name but I can’t remember it now.
23. I don’t feel like arguing so we’ll__ no more about the subject.
Ex.2. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1. “Will you take the dog out for a walk?” he asked me He asked me if/whether I would take the dog out for a walk .
2. “How much money have you got?” he asked me.
3. “Did you really write this poem?” she asked Tim.
4. “How did the operation go?” they asked the doctor.
5. “Will you be going on holiday next Easter?” he asked her.
6. “Is that your daughter walking along the pier, Mary?” Joan asked.
7. “Why is he acting this way?” she asked me.
8. “Can you let Joan know I’ll be late?” she asked me.
9. “Which of these dresses suits me best?” she asked Lynn.
10. “Does this bicycle belong to anyone?” he asked.
11. “Who used my toothbrush?” he asked.
12. “Do you want to join us at 6.00?” he asked me.
13. “Why didn’t you tell me about the party?” he asked me.
14. “Have you been to York before?” she asked Sue.
Ex.3. Turn the following sentences into Indirect questions. Omit question marks where necessary.
1. Where are you going? (I want to know ) / I want to know where you are going.
2. Did he steal the money? (I doubted )
3. Has she told anyone about our engagement? (He wondered )
4. What time does the train leave? (Could you tell me )
5. Who did it? ( She wondered )
6. Where have you been? (He wanted to know )
7. Does he speak French fluently? (I wonder )
8. Will she be on time? (I doubt )
9. How long has he been working here? (Do you know )
10. Are they moving house? (I want to know )
Ex.4. Turn the following sentences from Direct into Reported Speech.
1. “Put out your cigarettes please!” he said to us. He asked us to put out our cigarettes.
2. “Wipe your feet on the mat!” mother said.
3. “Please forgive me!” she said.
4. “Could you babysit for me tonight?” he said to me.
5. “You shouldn’t eat so much meat,” she said to me.
6. “Be here on time in future,” Tom’s boss said.
7. “Could you pass me the salt?” Barry said to her.
8. “Let’s buy some new curtains!” Sally said.
9. “You’d better go to bed early,” Henry said.
10. “Don’t be horrible to your little sister!” his father said.
Ex. 5. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1. She said, “You needn’t pay until Christmas.” She said (that) I wouldn’t have to pay until Christmas.
2. She said, “When shall we let them know”.
3. She said, “Shall I carry your suitcase?”.
4. She said, “I can’t play chess very well.”
5. She said, “We must finish the work today.”
6. She said, “You needn’t wear formal clothes.”
7. She said, “You should take more exercise.”
8. She said, “Shall I get you an aspirin?”
9. She said, “Tony must have missed his bus.”
10. She said, “We’ll go to the zoo tomorrow.”
11. She said, “I may take up skiing.”
12. She said, “What shall I buy him for his birthday?”
13. She said, “They won’t arrive on time.”
14. She said, “They needn’t be at the meeting next week.”
Ex.5. First write an appropriate introductory verb, then report the following sentences.
1. “I’ll be home early.” He promised to be home early.
2. “Press the button first.”
3. “I didn’t copy John’s work.”
4. “He never tells the truth.”
5. “I’m so good at maths.”
6. “She’s so beautiful!”
7. “Peter is unable to attend the meeting tomorrow.”
8. “No, I won’t tell you what happened.”
9. “I think you should go home.”
10. “That’s how you fix it.”
11. “You really ought to go home.”
12. “This is how I began my career.”
13. “Yes, I told them everything.”
14. “I’m sorry I shouted.”
15. “You lied to me.”
16. “I’d like you to carry the bag.”
17. “Don’t forget to ask Janet.”
18. “Don’t touch this wire.”
19. “You may go now.”
20. “Come on, try it again!”
21. “She really must attend more frequently.”
22. “Would you like to go to the theatre?”
23. “You mustn’t talk during the exam.”
24. “Go ahead, enter the race!”
25. “Run immediately!”
26. “Please, please tell me the truth!”
27. “James never told me he was working undercover.”
28. “You can take my car.”
29. “I won’t do it again.”
30. “Give me the money or I’ll shoot you.”
31. “Would you like me to help?”
32. “Give me everything.”
33. “I’m sorry I was late.”
34. “Yes, he is very handsome.”
35. “I know that musician well.”
36. “Please, explain once more.”
37. “You are never on time.”
Ex.6. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech using special introductory verbs.
1. “Don’t go near the bull.” She warned me not to go near the bull .
2. “What a brilliant idea!”
3. “I’ll definitely take you to the park tomorrow.”
4. “Let’s have the wedding in the spring.”
5. “Please, please don’t tell my father what happened.”
6. “You are always late.”
7. “I’m sorry I wasn’t there when you needed me.”
8. “You switched the reports, didn’t you?”
9. “No, I won’t lend you the money.”
10. “You can’t go to the party tonight.”
11. “Shall I hang out the washing?”
12. “Don’t forget to send Mum a birthday card.”
13. “This is how you switch on the machine.”
14. “I’m the best tennis player in the club.”
15. “Go ahead, propose to her.”
Ex.7. Put the following statements into Reported Speech.
1. “I’m going out now, but I’ll be in by nine,” he said. (Omit now.) He was said going out but he’d be in by nine.
2. “I’m working in a restaurant, and don’t much care for it,” she said.
3. “I can’t live on my basic salary,” said Peter. “I’ll have to offer to do overtime.”
4. “My young brother wants to be a tax inspector,” said Mary. “I can’t think why. None of my family has ever been a tax inspector.”
5. “We’re waiting for the school bus,” said the children. “It’s late again.”
6. “I’ve made a terrible mistake!” said Peter.
“You’re always making terrible mistakes,” I said. “You should be used to it by now.”
7. “We make $450 a week,” said one of the men, “and send most of it home to our wives,”
8. “It’s lonely being away from our families,” said another, “but we earn three times as much in this factory as we would in our own country.”
9. “We’ve been here for two and a half years.” said the man who had spoken first, “and we’re going to stay another six months.”
10. “I’ve got a job on an oil-rig,” said Paul. “That’ll be very hard work,” I said.
“I know it’ll be hard,” he replied, “but 1 don’t mind hard work, and it’ll be a good experience.”
11. “The ice will soon be hard enough to skate on,” said Tom.
“I’ll look for my skates when I get home,” Ann said.
12. “I’m living with my parents at present, she said, “but I hope to have a flat of my own soon.
13. “I’m leaving tomorrow,” she said, “by the 4.30 from Victoria.”
“We’ll come and see you off,” we said.
14. “I’ve just bought a car,” said Peter, “but it’s not insured yet so I can’t
take you for a drive.”
15.“I’d like to speak to Susan,” said Mary, “but I’m bathing the babies
and they will drown if I leave them alone in the bath while I go to the phone.”
16. Mary has just received a postcard from Ann, beginning, “I’m coming up to London next week. I hope you and Jack will meet me for lunch one day.” (Imagine that Mary is reading this card to Jack. Begin: Ann says…)
17. “Nothing ever happens in the village,” she said. “It’s like a dead
village. All the young people have drifted away to the towns.”
18. “I’ve missed my train,” said Bill. “Now I’ll be late for work and my boss will be furious.”
19. “We’ll wait for you if you’re late.” they said.
20. “They are supposed to be landing at London airport,” I said. “But if the fog gets any thicker the plane may be diverted.”
21. “If you lend me the chainsaw,” said Mary, “I’ll bring it back the day after tomorrow.”
22. “I hate getting up on dark mornings,” grumbled Peter.
“It is horrible,” agreed his wife, “but the mornings will be lighter
soon and then it won’t be quite so bad.”
23. “The sales are starting tomorrow.” said the typist. “As soon as we
finish work the whole typing pool is going to make a dash for the
shops.”
“I hope you’ll all get what you want,” I said.
24. “I wish I had something to eat,” said Peter.
“You’ve only just had lunch,” said his sister. “I don’t know how you
can be hungry again so soon.”
25. “If you’re short of money I can lend you f50,” said my aunt, “and you can take your time about paying it back.”
26. “I usually take my dog out for a walk when I come home from work,” he said.
27. “I have a message for your brother,” I said.
“He isn’t at home,” said Ann. “He left two days ago.”
28. “I bought this bag in Milan.” I said.
“You shouldn’t have bought that colour,” said Peter. “It doesn’t go
with your coat.”
29. “I must hurry. My father is always furious if any of us are late for
meals,” she said.
30. “If you want to smoke you’ll have to go upstairs,” said the bus
conductor.
Ex.8. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. “If children can learn a complicated language like Japanese by the time they are five,” said the Japanese professor, “they should be able to learn the language or music. At the moment I’m teaching a class of forty three-year-olds to play the violin,” he added.
He said that the children could learn a complicated language like Japanese by the time they were five, they should be able to learn the language or music. At the moment he was teaching a class of forty three-year-olds to play the violin.
2. “The puppy can sleep on our bed,” said Tom.
“I’d rather he slept in a basket,” said his wife. “That puppy will soon be a very big dog and then there won’t be room for all three of us.”
3. “I’ll try by myself first.” said Ann, “and if I find that I can’t manage I’ll ask Tom to help me.”
4. “Let’s camp by this stream,” said Mary. “If we go on, it may be dark before we find another good place.”
5. “I wish we’d brought our guitars,” said the students. “Then we could have offered to play in the restaurant and perhaps they’d have given us a tree meal.”
6. “I booked a double room on the first floor,” said Mr Jones. “I’m afraid we didn’t get your letter,’ said the receptionist, “and all the first and second floor rooms have been taken. But we could give you two single rooms on the third floor.” “That wouldn’t do me at all.” said Mr Jones.
7. “I’ve had gypsies on my land for two years,” said the farmer, “and they’ve given nobody any trouble; but now the Council have asked me to tell them to move on. I don’t see why they should be asked to move and I’m writing to my MP about it.”
8. “This letter is full of mistakes!” snorted Mr Jones. “I did it in rather a hurry,” admitted the typist. “I suppose I’d better type it again.”
9.“If you’d like to go on any of these tours,” said the receptionist, “the hotel will arrange it.” “We’d like to go on them all,” said the American couple.
10. “We’ll try to find your passport,” said the policeman, “but it’ll be very difficult because a lot of suspicious characters sleep on the beach in summer and any one of them might have robbed you.”
11. “Let’s go to the races!” said Ann. “We might make our fortunes. I’ve been given a very good tip for the 2.30.” “I’ve had “good tips” from you before,” said Paul. “And they were disastrous.”
12. “I don’t know why you waste so much time polishing the car.” Said Mr Jones. “The neighbours all polish their cars,” said Mrs Jones, “and I don’t want our Mini to look like a poor relation. If you were any good you’d help me instead of standing there criticizing,” she added.
13. “I’m sorry for not having a tie on,” said Peter. “I didn’t know it was going to be a formal party.”
14. “I’d have enjoyed the journey more if the man next to me hadn’t snored all the time,” said Paul.
Ex.9. Put the following questions into indirect speech.
1. “Who has been using my typewriter?” said my mother.
2. “Do you want to see the cathedral?” said the guide.
3. “Do you mind working on the night shifts?” he asked.
4. “Would you like to come with us?” they said.
5. “Who did you give the money to?” asked Ann.
6. “How long does I take to get to Edinburgh by coach?” asked the tourist.
7. “How much do you think it will cost?” he said.
8. “What did you miss most when you were in prison?” Mary asked the ex-convict.
9. Another passenger came in and said, “Is this seat taken?”
10. “How do you get on with your mother-in-law?” said Paul.
11. “How did you get into the house?” they asked him.
12. “What were you doing with these skeleton keys?” said Mr. Jones. “Were you trying to get at the secret files?”
13. “Did you sleep well?” asked my hostess.
14. “Have you been here long?” the other students asked him.
15. “Can you tell me why Paul left the university without taking his degree?” Paul’s sister asked.
16. “How many people know the combination of the safe?” said the detective.
17. “Are there any letters for me?” said Mary.
18. “How long have you been learning English?” the examiner said.
19. “Why aren’t you taking the exams?” said Paul.
20. “Are these free-range eggs?” said the customer.
21. “Where are you going for your summer holidays?” I asked them.
22. “Will it be all right if I come in a little later tonight?” asked the au pair girl.
23. “Have you ever seen a flying saucer?” said the man.
24. “Where can I park my caravan?” she asked the policeman.
25. “Would you like a lift?” said Ann. “Which way are you going?” I said.
26. “Who do you want to speak to?” said the telephonist.
27. “Does anyone want tickets for the boxing match?” said Charles.
28. “What are you going to do with your old car?” I asked him.
29. “Do you grow your own vegetables?” I asked.
30. “What train are you going to get?” my friend inquired.
31. “Could you change a five-pound note? I’m afraid I haven’t got anything smaller,” said the passenger to the conductor.
32. “How many sleeping pills have you taken?” said the night sister.
“I have no idea,” said Mr. Jones sleepily.
33. “Could we speak to the manager, please?” said the two men.
“Have you an appointment?” said the secretary.
34. “Do you think you could live entirely on your own for six months,” said Tom, “or would you get bored?”
35. “Did any of you actually see the accident happen?” said the
policeman.
36. “Could I see Commander Smith?”‘ the lady asked.
“I’m afraid he’s in orbit,” I said. “Would you like to leave a message?”
Ex. 10.Turn the following conversations into Reported Speech using special introductory verbs.
A. "Carter, when are you taking your holidays this year?" said the manager.
"Actually, I've already been on holiday, sir. Don't you remember? I went on safari in Kenya," said Carter.
"Oh yes, of course. You went in March, didn't you?"
"That’s correct, sir," said Carter.
"Did you enjoy it?" the manager asked.
"Well, I didn't manage to see many animals. It was very disappointing," Carter replied.
"Have you got any plans to go back there?" the manager said.
"Well, yes, actually I've already booked tickets for next year. I'm going in February. I think it will be a better time for seeing the animals," said Carter.
"So, we'll be looking for a new accountant then, if you come face to face with a lion," said the manager.
The manager asked Carter when he was taking his holidays that year...
B. "Let's spend the weekend in Scotland," said Andrea. "We can find a cheap bed and breakfast in the Highlands."
"And just what are we going to do all weekend with nothing but sheep for company!" Cathy said. "I'll teach you to ski," said Andrea.
Andrea suggested spending…
C. "James, have you written to the University of Madrid yet?" Mr Mills said. "No, I'm sorry," said James. "I haven't had time."
"There's no point in apologising to me, James," said Mr Mills. "You see, you must apply early
because they fill their places very quickly."
"The thing is that I'm afraid I won't pass my Spanish exam," said James. "Well, have you been working hard?" said Mr Mills.
"Yes, I have," said James, "but I'm much better at French, and I had hoped to apply to Paris." "Yes, it's true you are better at French," said Mr Mills. "If I put your name down for the
Sorbonne, will you write tonight?"
"Yes sir, I'll write as soon as I get home," James promised.
Mr Mills asked James if he…
Ex.11. Rewrite the following as a conversation. Mind the punctuation.
A. Stephen denied having got them lost and refused to take responsibility for their situation. Catherine accused him of not knowing how to read a map, and threatened to leave him if he didn't get them out of the mess. Stephen complained that she always made him do all the work. Catherine apologised for not helping but begged him to do something, adding that she didn't want to spend the night in the open. Stephen promised that they would find somewhere to stay, and urged her to keep calm. He eventually asked her to help him with the map reading. She laughed and suggested that perhaps he should try holding the map the right way up.
“It’s not my fault we got lost,” Stephen said…
B. The diver boasted about having found a shipwreck full of treasure on the ocean floor. His friend accused him of lying as that part of the sea had been explored thoroughly, yet the diver still insisted, claiming that only he had searched that particular area. Then his friend went on to tell him that if that was the case, he should notify the authorities as soon as possible in order to lay claim to the treasure. She warned him that if he failed to do this someone else might claim the treasure for themselves. It was at this stage that the diver admitted that the wreck wasn't that old and that the treasure consisted of Monopoly money!
“I have found…
Ex.12. Turn the following dialogue into Reported Speech.
Joan: Mmm, I’m really going to enjoy this sandwich. I’m so hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. Are you sure you don't want anything?
Geoffrey: Yes. I’ve eaten too much already today. I can’t eat another thing.
Joan: Why not just have a glass of milk then?
Geoffrey: Good idea.
Joan: I really enjoyed the visit to the aquarium this morning. What shall we do this afternoon?
Geoffrey: Let’s go to the folk museum. It looks very interesting.
Joan: Yes, but don’t forget we have to be back at the hotel by six.
Geoffrey: We definitely have enough time, don’t worry.
Joan: Oh no! I can’t find my purse. I must have dropped it in the car park.
Geoffrey: I’ll go back and look for it if you like.
Joan said that she was going to enjoy her sandwich because…
Ex.13. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech using special introductory verbs.
1. “Don’t go near the bull.” She warned me not to go near the bull.
2. “What a brilliant idea!”
3. "I’ll definitely take you to the park tomorrow."
4. “Let’s have the wedding in the spring.”
5. “Please, please don’t tell my father what happened.”
6. “You are always late.”
7. “I’m sorry I wasn't there when you needed me.”
8. “You switched the reports, didn’t you?”
9. “No, I won’t lend you the money.”
15. “You can’t go to the party tonight.”
16. “Shall I hang out the washing?”
17. “Don’t forget to send Mum a birthday card.”
18. “This is how you switch on the machine.”
19. “I’m the best tennis player in the club.”
20. “Go ahead, propose to her.”
Ex.14. Rewrite the following sentences in Reported Speech.
1. "I’m learning French," he said. "I’m going to Paris for my holidays."
He said he was learning French, adding that he was going to Paris for his holidays.
2. "Can you take the dog for a walk?" he said to her. "I'm busy."
3. "You shouldn't smoke," she said. "It's bad for your health."
4. "Can I borrow your pen, please?" he said to her. "I need to write something."
5. "Please don't talk," said the teacher. "This is a test."
6. "Why don't you turn off the TV?" she said to him. "You aren't watching it."
7. "Come to our house tonight, Mary," he said. "Jim wants to see you."
8. "Have you read your newspaper?" he asked her. "I want to look at it."
9. "The baby should be asleep," she said. "It’s ten o'clock."
21. "I don’t want any more cake," she said. "I’ve had enough."
22. "Don’t play near the road," their mother said. "It's too dangerous."
23. "I like Susan," he said. "She’s very friendly."
24. "I’m teaching Jane's class," she said. "She’s on holiday this week."
25. "Sarah would like to have the house," he said. "She’s lived here a long time."
26. "You could become famous, June," he said. "You’re a very good singer."
27. "Are you going to take the job?" he asked her. "Or will you wait for a better one?"
28. "Can you phone Julie?" she asked me. "I heard she has had a fight with Mark."
29. "Do you know when May will be back?" she asked. "She’s been away all week."
9.19 "Do you think we should try this new restaurant tonight?" he asked his wife. "I’ve heard it’s very good."
30. "If anyone phones," she said, "tell them I won't be here until tomorrow."
31. "I'd love to go to Venice," she said. "I’ve never been there."
32. "Don't ask Simon how to use the computer," she said. "He doesn't know a thing about them."
33. "I must go now," said Samantha, "or I might miss the bus."
34. "I’m sorry I didn’t phone you yesterday," said Charlotte. "I had to visit my aunt."
Ex.15. Complete the sentences using the words in italics.
1. "You should go to the dentist Tina," he said.
advised He advised Tina to go to the dentist.
2. "Try to remember your books tomorrow," she said.
urged She ……… our books the next day.
3. "You took mу pencil!" Mark said to Mandy.
of Mark ……… his pencil.
4. "Don’t forget to take your keys," said Dad.
m е Dad ………… mу keys.
5. "I hate the English weather," said Celine.
about Celine ………. the English weather.
6. "You must have another piece of apple pie, Laura," said Grandad.
on Grandad …………. piece of apple pie.
7. "I`ll never let you down," lan told Elizabeth.
promised Lan ………… Elizabeth down.
8. "You never put the cар оn the toothpaste, John," said Магу.
complained Mаrу ………..the cаp оn the toothpaste.
9. "I'm the best-looking bоy in the class," said Greg.
that Greg ………… the best-looking bоy in the class.
10. "Would you like to соте to lunch next Friday?" Bill said to mе.
invited Bill ……………. the following Friday.
11. "I did not eat the biscuits," said Alex.
eating Alex ………… the biscuits.
12. "Let’s go out for dinner," said Amanda.
going Amanda …………… for dinner.
13. "You must not touch these ornaments," said Lisa to us.
to Lisa ……………. the ornaments.
14. "Не knows where the stolen paintings аrе," said Sue.
claimed Sue ………..the stolen paintings were.
15. "You mау now kiss the bride," said the priest to David.
permission The priest ………. the bride.
16. "Don’t drive the саr; the brakes aren’t working," Dad said to mе.
not Dad ………… the cаr because the brakes weren't working.
17. "It’s а bоy!" said the midwife.
exclaimed The midwife ………. а bоy.
18. "Please, please don’t hurt mе," she cried.
not She ………. her.
19. "Do give mе the mоnеy!" she said to mе.
urged She ……….the mоnеy.
20. "Yes, I think you аrе right to complain," said Lorna to mе.
agreed Lorna ………..to complain.
21. "Please leave mе alone," Clare said to them.
asked Clare ………. alone.
22. "I'm sorry I hurt your feelings, Jane," I said.
hurting I …………..her feelings.
23. "ОК, it was mе. I tore Mum’s new dress," she said.
having She ……….. Mum’s new dress.
24. "Call аn ambulance immediately!" said Воb to the passer-by.
to Воb ………….. an ambulance immediately.
25. "Would you like mе to do the washing up?" said Dаn.
offered Dаn …………. the washing up.
26. "No, I won’t go to the party with you," said Lena.
refused Lena …………. the party with mе.
27. "You сan use mу credit card," Jake said to mе.
m е Jake …………..his credit card.
28. "Go ahead, join the expedition," he said to her.
encouraged Не …………. the expedition.
29. "Go away оr I’ll lose mу temper," he said to mе.
his Не ……… if I didn't go away.
30. "Yes, I’ll paint the bathroom," said Catherine.
agreed Catherine ………… the bathroom.
Ex.16.Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1. He claimed that to have met the Queen of Spain. (that)
2. Sophia wanted to know what time did they returned home the previous night.
3. The players complained of to the coach about having to play in the hail.
4. Margaret promised to will be careful with the money given to her.
5. The boy asked to his mother if he could play with his friends.
6. He said about that he was feeling under the weather.
7. She said she was ready to go, but adding that the taxi was waiting.
8. The manager told us do not to misuse office equipment.
9. Did he tell to you what happened?
10. She demanded that to be given his name and address.
11. They suggested to buying her a nice wedding present.
12. It is important that he to attend the conference.
13. He told me that I would not have had to leave early the next day.
14. She apologised for having keeping us waiting.
15. Jack wondered whether that to go ahead with his plan.
16. He asked me if he could use my computer and I said he could to.
17. The manager insisted that we are put an advertisement in the papers.
18. Do you know what time do the children finish school?
19. My sister encouraged me how to try once more.
20. They accused him of having been falsified the documents.
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