Формы глагола в страдательном залоге.

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Время	Present	Past	Future
Simple	Am Is V3 are	Was/were V3	Will be V3
Progressive	Am Is being V3 Are	Was/were being V3	--------------
Perfect	Have/has been V3	Had been V3	Will have been V3
Perfect Progressive	--------------	-------------	---------------

The professor told us many interesting things. (Active Voice) -

We were told many interesting things by the professor.(Passive Voice)

В английской пассивной конструкции перед дополнением, обозначающим действующее лицо или предмет, стоят предлоги by или with . Дополнение с предлогом by выражает действующее лицо или предмет, а дополнение с предлогом with – орудие действия. Например:

The composition was written by this student.

Сочинение было написано этим студентом.

The cake was cut with a knife.

Торт был нарезан ножом.

Упражнения

Прочтите текст, найдите в данном тексте глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время данных глаголов. Преведите текст на русский язык.

An American Thomas Edison made the first machine with moving pictures in 1891. It was called a kinetoscope. Then in 1895 a machine that projected pictures on to a screen was built by two French brothers, August and Louis Lumiere. They called their machine a cinematographe. The pictures from this machine were shown one after the other very quickly.

The Lumiere brothers gave the world’s first film show in 1896, and in America the world’s first cinema was built in Pittsburgh in 1905.

In the beginning films were made to show news, but by 1902 filmmakers began to write stories for film and use actors. These films were very popular in America, and Hollywood became important in the film-making industry. The first “talkie” (film and sound) was shown in America in 1927. It was called “The Jazz Singer”.

Прочтите данные предложения, определите их видо-временную форму, переведите на русский язык.

1)These articles will be translated by us. 2) The criminal is being looked for. 3) The doctor is examining the patient. 4) He was examining a student when she came in. 5) The child is washed by mother. 6) Mary will invite us. 7) The flat has been cleaned by somebody. 8) This shop will have been opened by June.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Simple (Passive Voice).

1)His car (to steal) last night. 2) Cheese (to make) from milk. 3) The dog (to give) some food in ten minutes. 4) The telegram (to receive) last week. 5) He (to give) a lot of money last month. 6) All the students (to invite) to the party next week. 7) I (to allow) to go for a walk now. 8) This man (to arrest) last year. 9) My question (to answer) soon. 10) The article (to translate) in some days. 11) This newspaper (to sell) everywhere.

Замените действительный залог страдательным.

1)Many people attend the lectures. 2) Someone has eaten the cake. 3) He will leave the ticket on the table. 4) People speak English in many countries. 5) The gardener has planted some apple-trees. 6) His parents have bought him a new bicycle. 7) They will advertise the product on TV. 8) An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. 9) The Chinese invented paper. 10) The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American People. 11) Columbus discovered America. 12) They took books to the classroom. 13) They sent for a doctor. 14) Last night someone broke into the house. 15) They grow bananas in Africa.

Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы:

A lot of houses построено in Moscow and other towns.

When было написано this letter?

3) The letter было написано this morning.

4) Whom будет переведена this article into English?

The article переведена already.

This question обсуждался when we came in.

Where are the students? They экзаменуются now in the next room.

By the time they arrive the work закончена .

Поставьте глаголы (данные в скобках) в страдательном залоге. Переведите предложения.

1)I wanted to help but saw that the table (to lay) already. 2) I understood the rule after it (to explain) to me twice. 3) The door was locked. I hoped the key (to leave) under the door mat by my mother and so it was. 4) I was very angry that my name and address (to give) her. 5)We had better buy bread now. I don’t think we’ll be back before eight and the baker’s (to close) by that time.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Simple (Passive или Active).

Я попросил своего друга помочь мне.

Меня попросили помочь ему.

Учитель дал ученикам трудное задание.

Ученикам дали трудное задание.

Мы часто обсуждаем важные вопросы дома.

Важные вопросы мы обсуждаем дома.

Завтра он закончит эту работу.

Эта работа будет закончена завтра.

Она сказала нам правду.

Нам сказали правду.

Он вернет книгу вовремя.

Книга будет возвращена вовремя.

Эти дома построили два года назад.

Они встретят нас на вокзале.

Модальные глаголы

( The Modal Verbs)

Модальные глаголы обозначают отношение к действию, а не само действие и выступают в паре со смысловым глаголом.

Модальные глаголы называют недостаточными, так как они не имеют следующих глагольных форм и признаков:

-s в 3 л. ед. ч., наст. вр.;

формы инфинитива;

формы причастия;

формы герундия;

временных форм, кроме Present Simple / Past Simple;

to после себя, кроме used to, ought to, have to, be to;

форм Future, которое передается эквивалентами.

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

Глагол	Перевод	Present	Past	Future
Can	Умение, способ-ность, разрешение или просьба в вежливой форме.	You can do it.	You could do it.	You will be able to do it.
May	Разрешение, при not – запрещение, сомнение.	We may go.	We might go.	We will be allowed to go.
Must	Обязанность, долженствование, твердая необходимость.	We must do it. We need not do it.	We had to do it. We were not to come here.	We will have to do it.
Shall	Намерение, предположение.	I shall do it.	You should read it.
Will	Желание, твердое намерение, уверенность в будущем.	I will go there.	I would go there.
Ought to	Моральный долг, настоятельный совет, строгая рекомендация.	You ought to write this letter.
Need	Отсутствие необходимости, необязательность.	Need he work so late? We need not have hurried.
Dare	Сметь, посметь, ( в вопросе и отрицании: не сметь), дерзнуть, осмелиться.	How dare you speak to me? He dare not tell it to me.
Should	Обязанность (менее сильная, чем must), совет, рекомендация, упрек, сожаление.	He shouldn't smoke so much. You should not cut your hair.
Would	Желание, вежливая просьба.	Would you like to come again?
Have to	Вынужденность, обязанность.	I have to read this book.	I had to read this book yesterday.	I'll have to read this book tomorrow.
Be to	Долженствование в силу догово- ренности или пла- на.	I am to study English.	I was to study English.	I'll be to study English.

Упражнения

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