Divide the text into logical parts.
2 . Express the main idea of each part. Use the following phrases:
– The first (second, third …) part of the text is about …
– It describes (considers, deals with, informs) …
– The author stresses (points out) that …
3. Ask your friend questions in English about their content. Summarize his/her answers:
– Які матеріали використовуються в будівництві сьогодні?
– Які спеціалісти беруть участь у будівництві?
– Що є першим кроком у будівництві?
– Яке призначення фундаменту?
– Як зводяться стіни? Яке їхнє призначення?
– Що є необхідним при будівництві 2х, 3х,…поверхового будинку?
– Коли зводять дах? Яка його функція?
– Чим закінчується будівництво?
4. Say in one or two sentences what the following people do:
1. a foreman; 2. an engineer; 3. a bricklayer; 4. a carpenter; 5. a plasterer; 6. a plumber; 7. a painter; 8. a locksmith; 9. a glass-cutter; 10. a builder; 11. a designer; 12. a roofer; 13. an electrician.
5. Ask your friend if she/he knows the main steps in the construction of a house:
1. What is the construction of a house begun with?
2. When is the foundation built?
3. What takes place when the foundation work is finished?
4. When does the building of the walls begin?
5. When is the lintel inserted in the wall above the opening?
6. How are the storeys separated?
7. What is the purpose of a staircase?
8. What crowns the whole structure?
9. When are connections made?
6. Comment your friend’s answers. Do you agree with him/her or not ? If not, say why. Was she/he right ? Express your opinion:
– As far as I know … ;
– I must confess … ;
– If I am not mistaken … ;
– Frankly speaking … ;
– I wonder … ;
– I must disappoint you … ;
– I agree with (to) … .
7. Name all parts of a house. Tell your friends about their functions and the materials they are made from:
Example: – A framework is … .
– It carries … .
– … make up a framework..
– … depends upon framework.
(foundation; floors; walls; roofs; doors; windows; staircase).
You are on an excursion to the construction site. Ask the foreman about the house is being built. Discuss the building process:
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– Який це буде будинок?
– Які будівельні матеріали Ви збираєтеся використовувати?
– Чи була поведена зйомка?
– Чи залежить фундамент від грунту?
– Скільки поверхів (квартир) буде мати майбутній будинок?
– Які новітні технології Ви застосовуєте?
– Яка буде покрівля?
– Яка вартість будівлі?
– Коли будівля буде пущена в експлуатацію?
Summarize the foreman’s answers. Present your summaries to the class and choose the summary that is the best.
Give a short summary of the text.
VI. Listening Comprehension
1. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
cost; to influence; specifications; to give a careful consideration; requirements; to increase; commensurate benefit; to eliminate; ultimate decisions; reasonable knowledge; to reduce costs; to refrain from.
2. Mask the text “The Engineer and Construction Industry” and listen to it attentively:
Text B. The Engineer and Construction Industry
The cost of a project is influenced by the requirements of the design and the specifications. Prior to completing the final design the engineer should give careful consideration to the methods and equipment which may be used to construct the project. Requirements which increase the cost without producing commensurate benefits should be eliminated. The ultimate decisions of the engineer should be based on a reasonable knowledge of construction methods and costs.
The following are indicative of methods which an engineer may use to reduce the costs of construction:
1. Design concrete structures with as many duplicate members as practical in order to permit the reuse of forms without rebuilding.
2. Simplify the design of the structure where possible.
3. Design for the use of cost-saving equipment and methods.
4. Eliminate unnecessary special construction requirements.
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5. Design to reduce the required labour to a minimum.
6. Specify a quality of workmanship that is consistent with the quality of the project.
7. Furnish adequate foundation information where possible.
8. Refrain from requiring the contractor to assume the responsibility for information that should be furnished by the engineer or for adequacy of design.
9. Use local materials when they are satisfactory.
10. Use standardized specifications, with which the contractors are familiar, where possible.
3. Listen to the text again and answer the following questions:
1. What is the cost of a project influenced by?
2. What should the engineer give careful consideration to?
3. What are the ultimate decisions of the engineer based on?
4. How many indicative methods are offered to reduce the costs of a construction?
5. How do you understand each of these methods? Give your comments.
4. Annotate the text either in English or in Ukrainian. Use the following phrases:
The text is head-lined…
It/the text informs the reader about…
It/the text deals with…
It/the text considers the problem of...
The main idea of the text is…
It/the text describes…
It/the text gives comments on…
It/the text draws reader’s attention to…
It is pointed out that…
At the beginning/end…
Further…
The author points out/stresses/informs/considers…
The text is useful and interesting for…
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