Глава 3. На что похоже Просветление?
1 W.James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (London: Longmans Green and Co., 1902), 307.
Глава 4. Просветление без Бога
1 «Barna Study of Religious Change Since 1991 Shows Significant Changes by Faith Group,» August 4, 2011. https: // www.barna.org/barna‑update/faith‑spirituality/514‑barna‑study‑of‑religious‑change‑since‑1991‑shows‑significant‑changes‑by‑faith‑group#.U9U47fldV8E; см. также: Y. Anwar, «Americans and Religion Increasingly Parting Ways,» UC Berkeley News Center, March 12, 2013.
2 Расчеты некоммерческой организации «Pew Research Center» основаны на исследовании, проведенном в августе 2012 года Бюро переписи населения США, согласно которому в США проживает 234787000 взрослых граждан. http: // www.pewforum.org/Unaffiliated/nones‑on‑the‑rise.aspx% 23growth.
3 «Three Spiritual Journeys of the Milliennials,» The Barna Group, May 9, 2013. http: // www.barna.org/teens‑next‑gen‑articles/621‑three‑spiritual‑journeys‑of‑millennials.
4 «Spirituality in Higher Education: A National Study of College Students,» Search for Meaning and Purpose,» 2003–2010, University of California, Los Angeles. http: // spirituality.ucla.edu.
5 Выступление Эйнштейна перед Немецкой лигой прав человека, Берлин (осень 1932 года). Текст английского оригинала приводится по: Einstein: A Life in Science . Michael White and John Gribbin (New York: Free Press, 2005).
6 Текст английского оригинала приводится по Albert Einstein: Philosopher‑Scientist (1949), ed. Paul A.Schilpp. Репринт: A Stubbornly Persistent Illusion: The Essential Scientific Works of Albert Einstein , ed. Stephen Hawking (Philadelphia: Running Press, 2009).
7 Parrott A.C. Human psychobiology of MDMA or «Ecstasy»: an overview of 25 years of empirical research. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013; 28(4): 289–307.
8 Smith D.E., Raswyck G.E., Davidson L.D. From Hofmann to the Haight Ashbury, and into the future: the past and potential of lysergic acid diethlyamide. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2014; 46(1): 3–10; Krebs T.S., Johansen P.Ø. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26(7): 994–1002; см. также: Barbosa P.C., Mizumoto S., Bogenschutz M.P., Strassman R.J. Health status of ayahuasca users. Drug Test Anal. 2012; 4(7–8): 601–9.
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9 Griffiths R.R., Richards W.A., McCann U., Jesse R. Psilocybin can occasion mystical type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006; 187 (3): 268–283.
10 Griffiths R., Richards W., Johnson M., McCann U., Jesse R. Mystical type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later. J Psychopharmacol. 2008; 22(6): 621–632.
11 Cummins C., Lyke J. Peak experiences of psilocybin users and non‑users. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2013; 45(2): 189–194.
12 van Amsterdam J., Opperhuizen A., van den Brink W. Harm potential of magic mushroom use: a review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011; 59(3): 423–429; см. также: Hermle L., Kovar K.A., Hewer W., Ruchsow M. Hallucinogen‑induced psychological disorders. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2008; 76(6): 334–342.
Глава 5. Спектр осознания
1 Zhao Q., Zhou Z., Xu H., Chen S., Xu F., Fan W., Han L. Dynamic neural network of insight: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on solving Chinese «chengyu» riddles. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e59351.
2 Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, «Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population,» December 19, 2011.
3 Qiu J., Li H., Jou J., Liu J., Luo Y., Feng T., Wu Z., Zhang Q. Neural correlates of the «Aha» experiences: evidence from an fMRI study of insight problem solving. Cortex. 2010; 46(3): 397–403.
4 Newberg A., Alavi A., Baime M., Pourdehnad M., Santanna J., d’Aquili E. The measurement of regional cerebral blood flow during the complex cognitive task of meditation: a preliminary SPECT study. Psychiatry Res. 2001; 106(2): 113–122.
5 Антонио Дамасио в книге Self Comes to Mind (New York: Pantheon, 2010) говорит об этом качестве – обладании чувством собственного «я». Сперва мы пробуждаемся, и изначальное осознание порождает сознательное принятие решений – или то, что Дамасио называет «ум». Таким образом, осознание плюс ум плюс «я» равно сознанию. Эта модель в значительной мере строится на нейробиологических исследованиях Яка Панксеппа.
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6 Wallis L.J., Range F., Müller C.A., Serisier S., Huber L., Zsó V. Lifespan development of attentiveness in domestic dogs: drawing parallels with humans. Front Psychol. 2014; 5: 71.
7 Shettleworth S.J. Do animals have insight, and what is insight anyway? Can J Exp Psychol. 2012; 66(4): 217–226.
8 Drayton L.A., Santos L.R. A decade of theory of mind research on Cayo Santiago: Insights into rhesus macaque social cognition. Am J Primatol. 2014; doi: 10.1002/ ajp.22362.
9 Nomura T., Murakami Y., Gotoh H., Ono K. Reconstruction of ancestral brains: Exploring the evolutionary process of encephalization in amniotes. Neurosci Res. 2014. pii: S0168‑0102(14)00041‑8.doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.03.004. Frasnelli E. Brain and behavioral lateralization in invertebrates. Front Psychol. 2013; 4: 939. Aru J, Bachmann T, Singer W., Melloni L. Distilling the neural correlates of consciousness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012; 36(2): 737–746.
10 Wei D., Yang J., Li W., Wang K., Zhang Q., Qiu J. Increased resting functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in creativity by means of cognitive stimulation. Cortex. 2014; 51: 92–102.
11 Silberstein R.B., Nield G.E. Measuring emotion in advertising research: prefrontal brain activity. IEEE Pulse. 2012 May – Jun; 3(3): 24–27; см. также: Ding X., Tang Y.Y., Tang R., Posner M.I. Improving creativity performance by short‑term meditation. Behav Brain Funct. 2014; 10: 9.
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12 Ding X., Tang Y.Y., Cao C., Deng Y., Wang Y., Xin X., Posner M.I. Short‑term meditation modulates brain activity of insight evoked with solution cue. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014; 10(1): 43–9.
13 Bhasin M.K., Dusek J.A., Chang B.H., Joseph M.G., Denninger J.W., Fricchione G.L., Benson H., Libermann T.A. Relaxation response induces temporal transcriptome changes in energy metabolism, insulin secretion and inflammatory pathways. PLoS One. 2013 May 1; 8(5): e62817.
14 Qiu J., Li H., Jou J., Liu J., Luo Y., Feng T., Wu Z., Zhang Q. Neural correlates of the «Aha» experiences: evidence from an fMRI study of insight problem solving. Cortex. 2010; 46(3): 397–403.
15 Zhao Q., Li Y., Shang X., Zhou Z., Han L. Uniformity and nonuniformity of neural activities correlated to different insight problem solving. Neuroscience. 2014; 270: 203–211. Aziz‑Zadeh L., Kaplan J.T., Iacoboni M. «Aha!»: The neural correlates of verbal insight solutions. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009; 30(3): 908–16.
16 Innes K.E., Selfe T.K. Meditation as a therapeutic intervention for adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease – potential benefits and underlying mechanisms. Front Psychiatry. 2014; 5: 40; and Marciniak R., Sheardova K., Cermáková P., Hudeček D., Sumec R., Hort J. Effect of meditation on cognitive functions in context of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014; 8: 17.
17 Kounios J., Frymiare J.L., Bowden E.M., Fleck J.I., Subramaniam K., Parrish T.B., Jung‑Beeman M. The prepared mind: neural activity prior to problem presentation predicts subsequent solution by sudden insight. Psychol Sci. 2006; 17(10): 882–890.
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