II. Study the following examples, define the expressive parts, refer them to either expressive means or stylistic devices, and comment on their function.

Discussion Session 1

I. Discuss the following in detail:

1. What is the subject of stylistics? Discuss the concepts of style, functional style, individual style, and idiolect.

2. What is understood by expressive possibilities of language? Discuss the concepts of ‘neutral language means’, ‘expressive means’ and ‘stylistic devices’.

3. What varieties of English are you familiar with? Consider their main characteristics. What functional styles are you familiar with?

II. Do the following tasks:

1. Read the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined examples of expressive language there, try to refer them to either expressive means or stylistic devices.

a) She saw around her multitudes of red lips, powdered cheeks, and cold, hard eyes.

b) The coffee was imprisoned in the can.

c) Thank you very much for the trouble of ruining this nice party!

d) He saved her life and three dollars in her pocket.

e) Their bitter-sweet union did not last long.

f) Everywhere were people. People going along the street and running, people talking and smiling.

g) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness...

2. Read the following two letters of complaint. Which letter do you find more appropriate? What language features prove it? (You might want to consider the word choice, the use of structures, and the length of periods)

Transaction ref: FR6104 Star Dear Sir/Madam On the 25 May 2006 your courier service agreed to send a package of confidential materials to Monsieur Lebleu, a colleague of mine in France. I was assured that, if I took advantage of your 'Star’ express service, the materials were guaranteed to arrive within 24 hour and would be delivered personally to the addressee. However, the materials did not arrive until a week later, by which time my colleague had left the country. The parcel was left of the doorstep and was eventually taken by a neighbor. Needless to say, this caused great inconvenience. I had expected a more efficient and reliable service, especially considering the higher charges for ‘Star’ delivery. Although I have contacted your office by phone on two occasions and explained the circumstances, I am still awaiting a response to my complaint. I would appreciate if you could arrange for the package to be collected and returned to me as soon as possible. The address where the package can be collected is at the bottom of this letter. I look forward to receiving your reply. Yours faithfully, Kenneth Thompson Please collect the parcel from : Madam Tournier Rue Saint Denis 51, Vernosc-les-Annonay France. Tel.: 4477 9340

Dear Sir/Madam I have phoned you twice already about the parcel of confidential materials which was sent to a colleague of mine. Although I was told that your ‘Star’ express service (which costs twice as much as the normal service) would get it there by Wednesday, it didn’t actually arrive there until last Friday. Monsieur Lebleu had gone of holiday by then and the parcel was taken un by Madame Tournier who lives next door. You can imagine that I am very angry, especially as I asked for the ‘Star’ service and paid a lot of money for the privilege. I really didn’t expect such inefficiency and incompetence! So please let me know what you are going to do about it. Although I have phoned your office twice, I still don’t know what you are going to do about it. Can you get the parcel back to me as soon as possible? The next-door neighbour’s name is Madame Tournier. Please let me know what is happening. Best wishes, Kenneth Thompson

Literature

1. Арнольд, И.В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык: Учебник для вузов / И.В. Арнольд .— 4-е изд., испр. и доп. — М: Б.и., 2002 .- С. 7-17.

2. Скребнев, Ю.М. Основы Стилистики английского языка: Учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз.- 2-е изд., испр.- М.: ООО «Издательство АСТ»: ООО «Издательство Астрель», 2000. – С. 5-38.

3. Гальперин, И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. Учебник. Изд. 2-е, испр. и доп. М., «Высш. школа», 1977.- C. 7-17.

Discussion Session 2

I. Discuss the following in detail:

1) What layers does the English vocabulary consist of? Speak about the neutral vocabulary, its own layers and general characteristics. Provide examples of your own.

2) Speak about the English literary vocabulary, its subdivisions and groups of words. Define the concepts of terms, less assimilated borrowings, barbarisms, archaic and poetic words, and nonce-words. What is a foreignism? Give examples.

3) Speak about the English colloquial vocabulary and its sublayers. What is understood by slang, jargon, professionalisms, nonce-words, cant, vulgarisms, and dialectal words? Give examples.

II.Do the following tasks:

1. Study the following list of academic (=literary) verb, which are found in varied texts across all academic disciplines. Use a dictionary and find neutral (and colloquial, where possible) synonyms to them. You might find a thesaurus (including a Microsoft Word thesaurus) useful.

access, acquire, adhere, advocate, affect, aid, allude, appreciate, ascribe, assess, assume, benefit, compel, compensate, complicate, conform, constitute, contemplate, contradict, coordinate, correlate, devise, diverge, elaborate, eliminate, embody, emerge, enhance, estimate, evolve, expand, expose, facilitate, feature, function, generate, identify, impact, implement, imply, indicate, infer, inhibit, intervene, invoke, maintain, obtain, prevail, prohibit, pursue, reinforce, respond, score, signify, stipulate, subside, survey, tolerate, transform, undergo, vary, withdraw.

2. Read the following beginning of a story and explore how the choice of vocabulary affects the writing.

"Five straight Saturday mornings, Ginnie Mannox had played tennis at the East Side Courts with Selena Graff, a classmate at Miss Basehoar’s. Ginnie openly considered Selena the biggest drip at Miss Basehoar’s- a school ostensibly abounding with fair-sized drips- but at the same time she had never known anyone like Selena for bringing fresh cans of tennis balls. Selena’s father made them or something... But this business of dropping Selena off at her house after tennis and then getting stuck- every single time- for the whole cab fare was getting on Ginnie's nerves. After all, taking the taxi home from the courts was Selena's idea..."

(From J.D.Salinger "Just before the War with the Eskimos”

Literature

1. Скребнев, Ю.М. Основы Стилистики английского языка: Учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз.- 2-е изд., испр.- М.: ООО «Издательство АСТ»: ООО «Издательство Астрель», 2000. – С. 55-73.

2. Гальперин, И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. Учебник. Изд. 2-е, испр. и доп. М., «Высш. школа», 1977.- C. 70-122.

3. Беркнер, С.С. Проблемы разговорного английского языка. С. 152-188

Discussion Session 3

Discuss the following:

1) Speak about the peculiar use of grammatical forms. Discuss the stylistic value of grammatically incorrect forms, grammatical synonymy, use of forms with a peculiar meaning, localization of forms, personification of common nouns, animal metaphors and stylistic omission of articles.

2) Discuss peculiarities of stylistic word building.

3) Speak about the stylistic use of graphons and onomatopoeia.

4) Discuss the functions of assonance, alliteration, rhyme and rhythm.

5) Find 10 examples of the above mentioned stylistic devices; write them on a card with their names on the reverse side.

Literature

1. Арнольд, И.В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык: Учебник для вузов / И.В. Арнольд .— 4-е изд., испр. и доп. — М: Б.и., 2002 .- С. 138-159, 208-224.

3. Гальперин, И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. Учебник. Изд. 2-е, испр. и доп. М., «Высш. школа», 1977.- C. 123-135.

Discussion Session 4 .

I. Discuss the following:

1. Speak about different types of lexical meaning. Define the logical/ denotational, connotational, contextual and nominal meaning. How can these types of meaning interplay? What does is result in?

2. Define metaphor, metonymy, irony, antonomasia, epithet. Discuss their types. Use examples.

3. Discuss oxymoron and hyperbole.

4. Find 10 examples of the above mentioned stylistic devices; write them on a card with their names on the reverse side.

II. Study the following examples, define the expressive parts, refer them to either expressive means or stylistic devices, and comment on their function.

1.An enormous grand piano grinned savagely at the curtains as is it would grab them, given the chance.

2.The next speaker was a tall gloomy man, Sir Something Somebody.

3.Last time it was a nice, simple, European-style war.

4.“Will you be my Valentine?”

5.He’s a proud, haughty, turned-nosed peacock.

6.She wore a pink hat, the size of a button.

7.We were fellow strangers.

8.A bulldog two years old for sale. Will eat anything. Very fond of children.

9.Some famous pictures in this room, gentlemen. Two Rembrandts, a Monet and a Renoir.

10. They were wet to the skin and all were scared to death.

11. Apart from the political, racial, religious and ethnic differences, we are just one friendly team.

12. They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to communicate.

13. They saluted to the Stars and Stripes (American Flag).

14. He put on his dressing gown, a tweedy brown horror.

15. He is independent now, earning his bread.

16. You are a funny chicken in this yellow jacket of your.

17. Welcome to Reno- the biggest little town in the world.

18. He had loved her so much, he would give her the whole world.

19. He is a real Don Juan.

20. Huck Finn is a good bad boy of the American literature.

21. There were many Austrian guns in the wood that day.

22. Apart from that we really have been a disgustingly happy family.

23. We smiled at each other, but we didn’t speak because there were ears all around us.

Literature

1. Арнольд, И.В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык: Учебник для вузов / И.В. Арнольд .— 4-е изд., испр. и доп. — М: Б.и., 2002 .- С. 107-118.

3. Гальперин, И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. Учебник. Изд. 2-е, испр. и доп. М., «Высш. школа», 1977.- C. 136-190.

Discussion Session 5.

I. Discuss the following:

1. Define oxymoron, periphrasis, euphemism. Discuss their types. Use examples.

2. Speak about pun and zeugma. Give examples.

3. What do we understand by clichés, proverbs, sayings, epigrams and allusions? Compare proverbs and epigrams. Define their stylistic function.

4. Find 10 examples of the above mentioned stylistic devices; write them on a card with their names on the reverse side.

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