Образец выполнения 1 (к упр.1)

Контрольное задание № 1

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание, необходимо выучить такие разделы английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.

Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания –s. Имя существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.

Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имён прилагательных. Конструкции типа the more … the less.

Числительное.

Местоимение. Личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределённые и отрицательные местоимения.

Форма настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времени группы Indefinite действительного залога изъявительного наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past и Future Indefinite. Повелительное наклонение.

Простое распространённое предложение: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is (-are).

Основные случаи словообразования.

Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)

Грамматические функции окончания –s.

The students attend lectures on the history of Russia.

lectures – множественное число от существительного a lecture.

1. Студенты посещают лекции по истории России.

He lectures on economy. lectures – 3 лицо единственного числа от глагола to lecture в Present Indefinite.

2. Он читает лекции по экономике.

My brother’s son is a student. brother’s – окончание притяжательного падежа имени существительного в единственном числе.

3. Сын моего брата – студент.

My brother’s sons are students. brothers’ – форма притяжательного падежа имени существительного a brother во множественном числе. sons, students – множественное число от существительных son, student

4. Сыновья моего брата – студенты.

Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)

Особенности перевода английских имён существительных, употребляющихся в функции определения, которые стоят перед определяемым словом.

This scientist works on some problems of low temperature physics. These boys study at the Maxim Gorky State University.

1. Этот учёный работает над проблемами физики низких температур. 2. Эти парни учатся в государственном университете имени Максима Горького.

Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 5)

The Ukrainian philosopher Grygory Skovoroda studied in Kievo-Mogylyanska Academy. Studied – Past Indefinite Active от стандартного глагола to study.

Украинский философ Григорий Сковорода учился в Киево-Могилянской академии.

Вариант № 1 (І)

І. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, то есть, является ли оно:

а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) показателем множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите письменно предложения.

1. Within the walls of the Kremlin the meeting places of the government of Russia are located.

2. The Library holds five million books.

3. The city is the financial capital of the United States and holds the headquarters of many of the world's largest corporations.

II. Перепишите предложения и письменно переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. I have a jobinterview today.

2. She has excellent linguisticskills.

3. Industry is the dominant source of employment, followed by science and research.

III. Перепишите предложения, в которых есть разные формы сравнения прилагательных, и письменно переведите эти предложения.

1. Tokyo is exciting, but, for a musician, London is more exciting than Tokyo, and, of course, New York is much more exciting of all.

2. There is a greater number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia.

3. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.

1. I didn't take any money with me so I couldn't buy anything.

2. My new eyeglasses are very good, I can see everything now.

3. 1 saw something near the wood that looked like a tent.

V. Перепишите предложения, определите в них формы времён глаголов и укажите их неопределённую форму; переведите письменно предложения.

1. This company has offices in four countries.

2. She will speak French in a month.

3. After school she took a summer job with IBM and stayed for fourteen years.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

London

London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom, with a population of about 6-7 million. It is the largest city in Britain and one of the largest in the world. Historical and geographical circumstances have made London one of the world's most important commercial and cultural centres, while its range of historical connections and its buildings attract millions of tourists from overseas each year.

London is a focus of civilization and political wisdom - exercised with unique democratic effect in the historical record of the House of Commons - truly examplary in the western world. It is the capital where a respect for all ideas has been transformed into a genuine right unanimously obeyed and respected, and where coexistence is a social imperative born of civic customs of rank and vigorous ancestors.

The gradual growth of the city helps to explain the fact that London does not have just one centre, it has a number of centres, each with a distinct character: the financial and business centre called the City (spelt with the capital C), the shopping and entertainment centre in West End, the government centre in Westminster.

London is the city of great variety, ranging from the narrow medieval street-patterns of the City to the spacious neo-classical squares of Belgravia. Two enduring architectural influences have been Sir Christopher Wren (rebuilder of St. Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire of 1666), the spires of whose 29 surviving City churches still contribute an imaginative element to the City skyline, and John Nash, who under the patronage of the Prince Regent, later George IV, at the beginning of the 19^th century laid out a large part of London (including Regent's Park, Regent Street and the Mall) in one of the grandest examples of town planning.

The most famous older buildings in London include Buckingham Palace (the Sovereign's residence in London), the Houses of Parliament (an outstanding example of nineteenth-century Gothic Revival architecture), St. Paul's Cathedral (the second largest church in Europe), Westminster Abbey (where Sovereigns are crowned), and the Tower of London.

The length and breadth of Greater London extends over an area of 700 square miles. The whole of London is full of buildings of incalculable artistic areas - the City, Piccadilly, and Hyde Park Corner to the banks of the Thames - providing an unforgettable and impressive image.

VII. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос к нему.

What has made London one of the world's most important commercial and cultural centres?

Вариант № 2 (I)

а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) показателем множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите письменно предложения.

1. The length and breadth of Greater London extends over an area of 700 square miles.

2. Wall Street in Manhattan is home to the nation's largest stock exchange.

3. Today Washington is a city which attracts a lot of tourists by its fashionable hotels, restaurants and sightseeing attractions.

1. Please, send me a Girls Scout booklet.

2. We listened to a blues band.

3. I have anappointmentapplicationon my computer.

1. London is, of course, much older than New York, but it is not as old as Rome. Rome is the oldest city I visited.

2. He clearly did not like the explanation, and as he listened to it, he became angrier and angrier.

3. The more we discussed the plan, the less I liked it.

1. I want to buy some souvenirs before I go home.

2. Is there anything interesting in the program of the concert?

3. I could see nobody: it was quite dark.

1. He does not like living in the city centre any more.

2. She received her prize at a ceremony in London.

3. Give me your suitcase. I’ll carry it for you.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Washington

The capital of the United States of America was founded in 1791 in the District of Columbia. The capital received the name of Washington — after the name of the commander-in-chief of the American army in the War for Independence who became the first President of the United States. President Washington himself took an active part in choosing the place for the capital. He invited a famous French engineer, Pierre Charles L'Enfant. With a help and advice of Washington, he drew a plan of a city with straight streets running far into a great distance. It was something new in those days.

There is a law in Washington against building structures higher than the Capitol; therefore it represents a different appearance from New York with its sky-scrapers. The Capitol, where the Congress meets is a very high and beautiful building with white marble columns. It is in the very centre of the city. Four avenues radiate from the Capitol dividing the city into four parts. Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress. It holds five million books. Today Washington is a city which attracts a lot of tourists by its fashionable hotels, restaurants and sightseeing attractions as “Mount Vernon” the house of the first president George Washington, the Lincoln Memorial, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the White House and others. The White House, the residence of the president, is the oldest public structure in the capital and one of the most beautiful. Among the newer buildings one of the most imposing is the National Gallery of Art.

The city of Washington, with its long wide avenues, with shady trees on both sides, its low buildings and its crowds of government officials is very interesting and beautiful.

VII. Прочитайте 2-й абзац тексту та дайте письмову відповідь на запитання до нього.

Why does Washington look different from New York?

Вариант № 3 (І)

а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) показателем множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите письменно предложения.

1. Historical and geographical circumstances have made London one of the world's most important commercial and cultural centres.

2. The Capitol, where the Congress meets is a very high and beautiful building with white marble columns.

3. Only a small percentage of Moscow's population is employed in the city centre.

1. The customs officer asked us some questions.

2. She studies to get a Linguistics degree.

3. Please, contact the Appointment desk first.

1. London does not have as many old buildings as Rome, but it has more than both New York and Tokyo.

2. He worked harder and harder as the end of the term came nearer.

3. The more I read the novel the more I liked it.

1. I have a suitcase here, and some other luggage in the taxi.

2. We have got no money with us. When do the banks open?

3. We do not have any milk for our coffee. Are there any shops open near here?

1. He wants to find a new job.

2. She will look through advertisements for second-hand cars tomorrow.

3. Charlie Chaplin made over fifty films.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

New York

City and port located at the mouth of the Hudson River, southeastern New York state, northeastern U.S. New York City is the centre of the largest urban agglomeration in the United States. The city consists of five boroughs, which correspond to five counties of New York state. All are located near the point where the Hudson River empties into Upper New York Bay of the Atlantic Ocean. The city's waterfront is used for shipping and recreation.

New York City is an ethnic melting pot where the most dramatic cultural contrasts are commonplace. This ethnic and racial mix is the result of the waves of immigration that the city has absorbed during its history. New York is among the most geographically and demographically complex of world cities, its economy one of the most diverse, and its cultural scene among the richest and most variegated. The Statue of Liberty, located on Liberty Island off Manhattan, has long stood as a symbol of refuge and opportunity.

The city may be described as a collection of many neighbourhoods, each with its own character and life-style. Manhattan is the economic and cultural heart of the city and is often considered to be "the city." Manhattan, the magnet for tourists and businessmen, is at first glance a city of skyscrapers, glaring lights, and frenetic pace. The shopping promenade of the Fifth Avenue, the financial institutions of Wall Street, the residential mansions of Park Avenue, or the bohemian life in the East Village and Soho give typical impressions.

New York City is a centre of world trade and finance, communications, art and entertainment, and fashion. The city is the financial capital of the United States and holds the headquarters of many of the world's largest corporations. Wall Street in Manhattan is home to the nation's largest Stock Exchange and of the headquarters of the country's largest brokerage firms. With the headquarters of the nation's television and radio networks and the main offices of the largest advertising agencies, New York City is the heart of the mass media in the United States. Printing and publishing are also of great importance, and most of the nation's major publishing houses are based in midtown Manhattan. The city's economic life also depends on the great diversity of its numerous small businesses and manufacturing establishments.

Wearing apparel, symbolized by its famous garment district, continues to be New York City's major manufacturing industry. White-collar jobs, however, are far more numerous. The main nonmanufacturing employers include service businesses; wholesale and retail trades; finance, insurance, and real estate; transport and public utilities; government; and construction. New York City has an extensive public university system.

Theatrical arts and entertainment are also widespread: Broadway is the synonym for musical comedies and drama; Carnegie Hall is one of the most famous concert halls in the world; and Lincoln Center is the home of the Metropolitan Opera, the New York City Opera, the New York Philharmonic, and the New York City Ballet. Though the importance of Broadway has declined, theatre is very much alive. The city has numerous motion-picture theatres.

VII. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос к нему.

What is the city's waterfront used for?

Вариант № 4 (І)

а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) показателем множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите письменно предложения.

1. The Red Square lies along the east wall of the Kremlin.

2. Wall Street in Manhattan is home to the nation's largest Stock Exchange.

3. Tourists love Marks and Spenser which is Britain’s favourite store.

1. We attended a jobs fair.

2. The Yankees were the 2009 World Series winners.

3. United States law prohibits torture.

1. New York has more parks than Tokyo, but London has much more parks. There are five in the city centre.

2. Please be more careful next time and don't spill the milk again.

3. The more tests we carried out the more data we obtained.

1. We have no information about trains to Stockholm.

2. We have some good news – our sales are up by 20% this month.

3. I am sorry, but we do not have any rooms free tonight.

1. I bought all their records after the concert.

2. Spain has a new technology to find a solution to the traffic problem.

3. The policemen will get a new uniform in three months.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Washington

The city of Washington, with its long wide avenues, with shady trees on both sides, its low buildings and its crowds of government officials is very interesting and beautiful.

VII. Прочитайте 2-й абзац тексту та дайте письмову відповідь на запитання до нього.

Why does Washington look different from New York?

Вариант № 5 (I)

а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) показателем множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите письменно предложения.

1. Guido’s is a popular restaurant, so everybody books a table in advance.

2. These countries have about 20% unemployment but the tourist industry brings high seasonal employment.

3. He is very cosmopolitan; he travels a lot, learns foreign languages, and buys things from other countries.

1. This country has a strong economy and a lot of high technology industries.

2. Chocolate milk is a delicious drink.

3. Milk chocolate is a delicious kind of candy.

1. Trains in Tokyo are more crowded than in London.

2. This is the most beautiful view I have ever seen in my life.

3. The more I learnt about the research the less I liked it.

1. There is no petrol in the car.

2. I am bored! I want something interesting to read, or somebody interesting to talk to, or somewhere interesting to go!

3. I want to buy some souvenirs to take home. Are there any souvenir shops near here?

1. The thieves stole my mother’s ear-rings from her bedroom.

2. I will take two daily newspapers and that magazine.

3. My father is very active even though he is seventy.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Moscow

Moscow is the capital of Russia. The city is located in western Russia and lies in the broad, shallow valley of the Moskva River, a tributary of the Oka in the centre of the vast plain of European Russia. This region is one of the most highly developed and densely populated areas of Russia.

Only a small percentage of Moscow's population is employed in the city centre because of the decentralization of workplaces. Industry is the dominant source of employment, followed by science and research. Although Moscow's role in the country's administration is of prime importance, government as a source of employment is relatively minor.

Engineering (production of automobiles and trucks, machine tools, and precision instruments) and metalworking are by far the most important industries. Other important activities include the manufacture of textiles, chemicals and derivative products, and consumer goods (foodstuffs, footwear, and pianos); timber processing; construction; and printing and publishing. Moscow is the headquarters of state insurance and banking organizations.

The centre of the city and the historical heart of Moscow is the fortified enclosure of the Kremlin. Its crenellated redbrick walls and 20 towers (19 with spires) were built at the end of the 15th century and were partially rebuilt in later years. Within the walls of the Kremlin are located the meeting places of the government of Russia. Other features within the Kremlin include the central Cathedral Square, around which are grouped three cathedrals, all examples of Russian church architecture at its height in the late 15th and early 16th centuries; a group of palaces of various periods; the white bell tower of Ivan III the Great; the Armoury Museum; and the Arsenal (1702-1736).

Along the east wall of the Kremlin the Red Square lies, the ceremonial centre of the capital. The Lenin Mausoleum stands beneath the Kremlin walls, and the Church of the Intercession, or Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, is at the southern end of the square. The State Department Store, GUM, faces the Kremlin, and the State Historical Museum (1875-1883) closes off the northern end of the square.

VII. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос к нему.

What are the most important industries in Moscow?

Контрольное задание № 2

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 2, необходимо усвоить такие разделы грамматики английского языка по рекомендованному преподавателем учебнику:

Глагол: а) активный залог- формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite ( Present, Past, Future).

Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can\ could, may и эквивалент модального глагола can – to be able;

б) модальные глаголы, выражающие обязанность: must и его эквиваленты to have to, to be to, should.

Простые неличные формы глаголов: Participle I(Present Participle), Participle II(Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund – герундий, простые формы.

Образец выполнения 1 (к упр.1)

a) The students have completed their experiments. | Студенты завершили свои эксперименты.

Have completed – Present Perfect Active от глагола to complete.

b) The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday. | Вчера послали за новым лабораторным оборудованием.

Was sent for – Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send.

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр.2)

a) The changes affecting the composition of materials are called chemical changes. | Изменения, влияющие на состав материалов, называются химическими изменениями.

Affecting – Participle I, определение.

b) When heated to the boiling point water evaporates. | Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испаряется. (При нагревании до точки кипения, вода испаряется.)

When heated – Participle II, обстоятельство.

c) Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth. | Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю.

(Is) radiated – Participle II, составная часть Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to radiate.

Вариант 1 (II)

I. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его вид, время и залог. Переведите предложения. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) 1. The city is constantly growing.

2.Concrete has roughly the same coefficient of thermal expansion as iron.

b) 1. Cement is made from limestone and clay.

2. Air-conditioning may be divided into two main sections: one for the processing of materials in industry; the other for human comfort.

II. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и определите функции каждого из них, то есть, укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. A new building material was obtained from production waste by a group of

Moscow inventors.

2. The channel linking two seas is being built now.

3. Having obtained the necessary results they stopped their experimental work.

4. When burnt, coal produces heat.

III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

1.The construction has to be completed in the least possible time.

2. Edison could work at his experiments for days and weeks.

3. Every engineer must know at least one foreign language.

4. They may continue the experiment.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текс. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2,3,5 абзацы текста.

Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford was born in 1871, in New Zealand, in the family of English settlers. His father earned his leaving by bridge-building and other construction work. At the same time he carried on small-scale farming.
When Ernest was five he was sent to primary school. After finishing it he went to the secondary school. He liked to read and make models of different machines. He was particularly interested in watches and cameras, he even constructed a camera himself. At school he was good at physics, mathematics, chemistry, English, French, Latin. He became the best pupil at school.
At the age of 19 he entered the New Zealand University. He was one of the most talented students. He worked hard and took an active part in the work of the Scientific Society of the University. He was also fond of sports and took part in the students’ sport competitions. At the same time he began his research work. For his talented research work he got a prize. After graduation he went to Cambridge where he continued his investigations.
Some years later Rutherford moved to Canada to continue his research work at the University in Montreal. He also lectured a lot at the Universities of the United States and England. Rutherford’s famous work “The scattering of Alfa and Beta particles of Matter and the Structure of Atom “proved that the atom could be bombarded so that the electrons could be thrown off, and the nucleus itself could be broken. In the process of splitting the nucleus matter was converted into energy, which for the scientists of the 19^th century seemed unbelievable.
The splitting of the atom has opened a new and enormous source of energy. The most important results have been obtained by splitting the atom of uranium. Rutherford paid much attention to his pupils. After 1920 he did not make great discoveries in science, but taught young scientists who worked in the field of atomic research work. Among them was Pyotr Kapitsa, a famous Russian physicist.
Ernest Rutherford died in 1937 at the age of 66, and was buried at Westminster Abbey not far from the graves of Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Michael Faraday.

V. Прочитайте 4 абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос.

What did Rutherford’s famous work prove?

Вариант 2 (II)

а) 1. They have determined the main properties of the substance.

2. Ukrainian civil engineers are successfully solving many complex problems.

b) 1. Natural stone is used for footings and foundations, for external walls carrying the load.

2. Every building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating systems.

Buildings made of stone are durable and fire-resistant.
The water supply and sewerage systems are called plumbing.
When asked, the engineer brought all necessary documents.
Having constructed a stadium they started building a new school.

Every building must have a beautiful appearance.
As far as material is concerned buildings can be divided into brick, wood, concrete, and steel buildings
Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.
The interior should be planned to suit the requirements of the occupants.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 4, 5 абзацы.

Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh in 1847. His father was a teacher of speech and the inventor of a system which he called “Visible Speech”. Alexander chose the same profession, and as his father became a teacher of the deaf, he moved to the United States and began to teach deaf children to speak.
In 1866 he started thinking about sending tones (звуки) by telegraph. It was then that there came to his mind the idea of the “harmonic telegraph”, which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. Bell was not a scientist. So he had to give all his energy and time to one thing only - knowledge of electricity. Hour after hour, day and night he and his friend Watson worked at testing and experimenting with the telephone. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it did not.
At last they decided to try a new kind of transmitter. It was set up in Bell’s bedroom. Watson was sitting in the laboratory. He put his ear to the receiver and was waiting. Suddenly he heard Bell’s voice. And not the voice only but the words too.

It was on the 10^th of March, 1876. Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone.

4. In a few years there were telephones all over the world. In 1915, the first transcontinental

telephone line was opened. Bell, a very old man now, sat in New York at a desk with

a telephone before him, while Watson was listening more than three hundred thousand

miles away in San Francisco. People were interested what speech Bell had prepared for

that great day, on which the telephone invented by him was to carry sound from

the Atlantic coast to the Pacific.

Bell was sitting in a big hall; there were many people in it. Everyone expected to hear

a serious, scientific speech. Suddenly everybody heard his clear voice as he spoke into

his old transmitter, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.” He repeated the words which he had said almost forty years ago. Much to the amusement of the people Watson answered, “I would be glad to come, but it would take me a week.”

V. Прочитайте 3 абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос.

What device did A. Bell use which made his invention work well?

Варіант 3 (II)

a) 1. At present Ukraine has already completed its switchover (перехід) to the massive construction of its cities and towns with modern flats.

2. The worker cut himself while he was repairing a car.

b) 1. The new engine is being tested in the laboratory.

2. Several attempts have been made recently to produce artificial rain.

1. The professor told the students about the experiments being carried out in the laboratory.

2. One of the most noticeable features of air transport development is the big increase in the quantities of goods carried.

3. Driving a car at night he met with an accident.

4. Lake Baikal is fed by 336 rivers.

1. You should follow all the important scientific researches in your field.

2. He was allowed to use the mobile equipment.

3. He can continue his studies at the evening department.

4. They may complete the construction of the hotel.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и переведите письменно 1, 3, 4 абзацы.

Edison

1. Edison is known as one of the greatest inventors of his time. He invented so much that it is difficult to say which of his achievements is the greatest. He was an experimenter and a practical man more than a theoretician.

2. Edison did not have any education. He went to school only for three months. Then he left it because the teacher considered him a dull boy. His mother became his teacher. The boy loved books and had a wonderful memory. When he first visited a public library and saw a lot of shelves with books he decided that he would read all the books and then he would know everything in the world. He measured the shelf and decided to read a foot of books every week.

3. In 1868 Edison built his first patented invention – an electromagnetic device. It is told that he planned to ask three thousand dollars for his invention, though he secretly decided he would sell it for two thousand if necessary. He was invited to a meeting of businessmen who were interested in buying his invention, but when he was asked to name the price he was very nervous and quite unable to speak. “It is no use asking us a big price,” said one of the businessmen, “we have already decided how much we will pay. Forty thousand dollars is our limit.” With this money Edison established a workshop and began his career as a professional inventor at the age of twenty-two.

4. All his inventions were the result of hard work. He sometimes made thousands of experiments. According to his words the idea that a genius works only by inspiration was absurd. “genius is 2 per cent inspiration and 98 per cent perspiration,” he often said.

V. Прочитайте 2 абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос.

What education did Edison receive?

Варіант 4 (II)

a) 1.The scientists have not given any explanation of these strange facts yet.

2. The staff of the laboratory is finishing the work on the apparatus.

b) 1. Gravel is composed of various kinds of rock, the most common constituent being the mineral quartz.

2. The problem of the future of human civilization on the Earth is being studied by the scientists throughout the world.

1.Bungalow is a dwelling built in a style developed from that of a form of rural Indian house.

2. Waiting for him I looked through the magazines laying on the table.

3. When translated, his article on chemistry was sent to the International Chemical Congress.

4. The mortars used in bricklayers’ work consist of an admixture of lime, or Portland cement, and sand.

Limes may be divided into three distinct classes: rich limes, poor limes, and hydraulic limes.

When used for mortar, sand should be angular in grain, free from clay or dirt, and moderately coarse.

A small percentage of clay must be present to act as a binder when gravel is used in macadam for road surfaces.

If the air cannot circulate easily so as to provide an adequate supply of oxygen, combustion will be retarded.

IV. Прочитайте, перепишите и переведите весь текст.

Sir Christopher Wren

Christopher Wren is an English architect. He was a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, from 1657 to 1661, when became a professor of astronomy at Oxford. Though now known chiefly as an architect, Wren was a celebrated mathematician in his time. In 1665, he spent six months in Paris studying architecture.
After the Great Fire of 1666 he prepared a masterly plan for the reconstruction of London, never executed. He designed, however, many new buildings, the greatest being Saint Paul’s Cathedral. From 1670 to 1711, he executed 52 London churches, most of which still stand, notable for their varied and original designs and for their fine spires. They include St. Stephen, Wallbrook; St. Martin, Ludgate; St. Bride, Fleet Street, etc.
Among his numerous secular works are the Sheldonian Theatre and Queen’s College Library, both at Oxford; Chelsea Hospital and the buildings of the Temple, at London.
Wren also built residences in London and in the country, and these, as well as his public works, received the stamp of his distinguished style. His buildings exhibit a remarkable elegance, order, clarity and dignity.
Wren’s influence was considerable on church architecture in England and abroad. In 1675, Wren was knighted. He was buried in the crypt of St. Paul’s Cathedral.

V. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос.

What is the greatest building designed by Christopher Wren?

Варіант 5 (II)

a) 1. The individual cottage is giving way to block buildings with apartments one above the other.

2. From earliest times walls had supported the framework and roofs of a building.

b) 1.Curtain-wall construction is often used for brick walls of important industrial plants.

2. The temperature has been maintained at the point of 15 degrees since the beginning of the experiment.

Kerosene is a fuel used in jet engines.
The figures mentioned in his report were published in the latest scientific journal.
The goods having been loaded, the workers left the port.
They have mentioned the data used in their experimental work

III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

Architects today have to design schools, hospitals and immense blocks of flats or offices.
Whatever type of service pipe is laid, it should be at a reasonable depth below the surface of the ground.
The water supply may be intermittent or constant.
The vacuum ventilating system can only be employed successfully where the surroundings are not noisy and windows can be opened to admit clean air

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2,3,4 абзацы.

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of our time, yet in his childhood he was slow, shy and backward. He found it extremely difficult to learn even to talk.
Later he became one of the most famous men in the world. The Theory of Relativity brought him fame on five continents. Yet, he led a very simple sort of life, went around in old clothes, and seldom wore a hat. He said that he did not care for fame or riches. The captain of a transatlantic ship once offered Einstein the most expensive room on the ship; Einstein refused and said he would rather travel on deck than accept any special favours (привілеї).
He impressed everybody as being a very happy man. Einstein said he was happy because he did not want anything from anybody. He didn’t want money or titles or praise. He made his own happiness out of such things as his work, his violin and his boat. The violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said he often thought in music.
Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, which seemed a flight of imagination to many at first, is now the cornerstone of modern physics. Many physical phenomena could never be explained without this Theory. He said that there were twelve people living who understood his Theory, although more than nine hundred books had been written trying to explain it. He himself explained relativity by this very simple illustration: “When you sit with a nice girl for an hour, you think it is only a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it is an hour. So, that’s relativity. It sounds all right to me; but if you don’t believe me and would like to try it out (хотеди бы проверить), I’ll be glad to sit with the girl if you sit on the stove.”
Einstein’s wife said that her husband liked order in his thinking, but he didn’t like it in his living. He did whatever he wanted to, whenever he wanted to, he had only two rules of conduct (поведінка). The first was: don’t have any rules whatever. And the second was: be independent of the opinions of others.

V. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и дайте письменный ответ на вопрос.

What two rules of conduct did Einstein have?

Text 1

History of ASCE

When the twelve Founders gathered at the Croton Aqueduct on November 5, 1852, and agreed to incorporate the American Society of Civil Engineers and Architects, one can only wonder if they dreamed the profound significance and long-lasting impact ASCE would have on the overall development of society. They laid a foundation for what proves to be one of the most prominent engineering societies in the world.

With projects such as the Croton Aqueduct in New York State, civil engineers work to improve the lives of everyone.

Simply stated, civil engineers are creative, people-serving and problem-solving leaders who make our lives easier to live from one day to the next.

On June 16, 1981, the ASCE Metropolitan Section unveiled a plaque on the site of ASCE's founding near the southwest corner of Chambers and Centre Streets in City Hall Park. This plaque commemorates 1852 the meeting of this small group of civil engineers that took place in the office of Alfred W. Craven, then the eminent Chief Engineer of the Croton Aqueduct for the City of New York. The Croton Aqueduct Department was located in the Rotunda Building, which no longer exists.

As civil engineering begins a new millennium, the American Society of Civil Engineers not only reflects on the profession's rich heritage, but equipped with this knowledge, ASCE continues to develop flexible, forward-thinking plans for the future of the society and the civil engineering profession.

Today ASCE is a worldwide leader for excellence in civil engineering. With a mission to advance professional knowledge and improve the practice of civil engineering, ASCE is a focal point for the development and transfer of research results, and technical policy and managerial information. Through strategic emphasis in key areas, including infrastructure renewal and development, policy leadership and professional development, ASCE delivers the highest quality publications, programs and services to its worldwide membership, demonstrating a daily commitment to sustaining the profession. (2000 знаков)

Words to Text 1

to incorporate – регистрировать, оформлять (общество)

long-lasting impact – длительные последствия

to improve – улучшать; совершенствовать

people-serving – ориентированный на службу людям

to unveil – торжественно открывать (памятник)

eminent – выдающийся

forward-thinking – прогрессивно мыслящий

renewal – обновление

commitment – приверженность

to sustain – поддерживать (морально и материально)

Text 2 and Text 3