Task 9. Make a summary to report to the rest of the class.
Task 10. What do these abbreviations stand for?
55. OOP
56. BARSIC
57. AI
58. PROLOG
SPEAKING
1. What programming languages are designed to be used in science, education? Which ones are more useful in business, engineering? What programming languages are specially designed to work with web-pages in Internet?
2. What do you think about the prospects of programming languages development?
3. Try to make predictions for the next 10 years. What kind of new PL will appear? Which ones will become outdated in your opinion?
WORD FORMATION:
PREFIXES
When you are reading, you will come across unfamiliar words. It is often possible to guess the
meanings of these words if you understand the way words in English are generally formed.
prefix→ stem ←suffix
An English word can be divided into three parts: a prefix, a stem, and a suffix. Pre - means 'before'. A prefix, therefore, is what comes before the stem. Consider, as an example, the prefix de- (meaning 'reduce' or 'reverse') in a word like demagnetize (meaning 'to deprive of magnetism'). A suffix is what is attached to the end of the stem. Consider, as an example, the suffix -er (meaning 'someone who') in programmer ('a person who programs'). Suffixes change the word from one part of speech to another. For example, -ly added to the adjective quick gives the adverb quickly. Prefixes, on the other hand, usually change the meaning of the word. For example, un- changes a word to the negative. Unmagnetizable means 'not capable of being magnetized'. Let us now consider some prefixes, their usual meanings, and how they change the meanings of English words.
Verb Prefix Meaning Example
Em- put into empower
En- ‘ ‘ encourage
Dis- opposite/not disappear/dislike
Mis- wrongly mistake/ misunderstand
|
|
|
Over- too much overdo/overcook
Re- again replay/reuse
Un- reverse action unload/untie
Under- too little undercook
Adj.Prefix Meaning Example
Il- opposite/not illegal/illegible
Im- opposite/not impossible/immodest
In- opposite/not incorrect/insensitive
Inter- between international
Ir- opposite/not irrelevant/irresponsible
Non- not non-smoker/non-alcoholic
Over- too much overweight
Un- opposite unfair/unkind
Under- too little underweight
| Negative prefixes un- unmagnetized in- incomplete im- impossible il- illegal ir - irregular, irrelevant non- not connected with non-programmable mis- misdirect mal- bad, wrong malfunction dis- opposite feeling disagree opposite action disconnect anti- against antiglare de- reduce, reverse demagnetize, decode under- too little underestimate
| Positive prefixes re- do again reorganize over- too much overloaded | Prefixes of location: inter- between, among interface, interactive super- over supersonic trans- across transmit, transfer ex- out exclude, extrinsic extra- beyond extraordinary sub- under subschema infra- below infra-red peri- around peripheral inter = inside (intercontinental) | Prefixes of time and order: ante- antecedent pre before prefix prime- first primary, primitive post- after postdated retro- backward retroactive |
| Prefixes of size: semi- half, partly semisphere equi- equal equidistant mini- small minicomputer micro- very small microcomputer macro- macroeconomics megalarge, great megabyte pre = before (pre arrangement) pro = in favour (pro-life) pro- before, in advance program, | Other Prefixes: auto- self automatic co- co-ordinate con-together, with connect | Prefixes of numbers: semi- half semicircle mono- one monochromatic bi- two binary tri- three triangle quad- four quadruple penta- five pentagon hex- six hexadecimal sept(em)- seven September oct- eight octal dec- ten decimal multi- many multiplexor |
|
|
|
Exercise 1. Read the following sentences and circle the prefixes. For each word that has a prefix, try to decide what the prefix means. Refer back to the table if you need help.
1. Floppy disks are inexpensive and reusable. 2. If a printer malfunctions, you should check the interface cable. 3. The multiplexor was not working because someone had disconnected it by mistake. 4. Improper installation of the antiglare shield will make it impossible to read what is on the screen. 5. After you transfer text using the 'cut and paste' feature, you may have to reformat the text you have inserted. 6. You can maximize your chances of finding a job if you are bilingual or even trilingual. 7. Peripheral devices can be either input devices (such as keyboards) or output devices (such as printers). 8. Your pay rise is retroactive to the beginning of June and you will receive a biannual bonus. 9. The octal and hexadecimal systems are number systems used as a form of shorthand in reading groups of four binary digits. 10. As the results are irregular, the program will have to be rewritten.
|
|
|
Дата добавления: 2018-10-26; просмотров: 529; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!