Exercise 10. Fill in the articles in the proverbs if necessary.
1. … apple … day keeps … doctor away.
2. … appetite comes with eating.
3. … good beginning makes … good ending.
4. … bird in … hand is worth two in … bush.
5. Among … blind … one-eyed man is king.
6. … brevity is … soul of wit.
7. … cat has nine lives.
8. … charity begins at … home.
9. … clothes make … man.
10. … curiosity killed … cat.
Exercise 11.Fill in a, an, the or – (nothing)?
1. _____diplomat is _______person who can tell you to go to hell in such a way that you actually look forward to_____ trip.
2. _____dog is _____only thing on earth that loves you more than you love yourself.
3. _____Americans like ______fat books and _____thin women.
4. _____optimist is someone who thinks _____future is uncertain.
5. _____equality is ____lie - _____women are better.
6. _____birds do it; _____bees do it; even _____educated fleas do it. Let’s do it. Let’s fall in ____love.
7. I always pass on _____good advice. It is ______only thing to do with it. It is never any use to oneself.
8. Remember that as _____teenager you are at _____last stage in your life when you will be happy to hear that _____phone is for you.
9. Save _____water, shower with _____friend.
10. When I was _____boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have _____old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much he had learned in seven years.
11. When I was born, I was so surprised that I couldn’t talk for _____year and _____half.
12. California is ______great place – if you happen to be ______orange.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences:
1. Цього ранку я купив газету і журнал. Газета в моєму портфелі, але я не знаю, куди я поклав журнал.
2. На вулиці припарковані дві машини: синя і сіра. Синя належить моїм сусідам; я не знаю, хто власник сірої.
3. - Ви часто ходите в кіно? - Ні, не дуже часто. Але я дивлюся багато фільмів по телевізору.
4. - Що Ви їли на сніданок сьогодні вранці? - Нічого. Я ніколи не снідаю.
5. - Ми витратили всі наші гроші, бо ми зупинилися в найдорожчому готелі міста. - Чому ви не зупинилися у більш дешевому готелі?
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6. Це був дуже жаркий день. Він був найспекотнішим днем у році.
NUMERALS
| Cardinals(cardinal numerals/)numbers) | Ordinals(ordinal numerals/numbers) |
-  indicate exact number, used in counting
Morphological composition:
- simple: 1-12, 100, 1,00, 1,000,000
- derivatives:13-19 (-teen)
20-90 (-ty)
- compound (composite): 21-29 31- 39 etc.
Note: a hundred/one hundred
a thousand/one thousand
a million/one million
collective
a dozen /one dozen (12) numbers
a score / one score (20)
two dozen (24)
a gross/one gross (12 dozen)
Functions:
- subject: Three plus three is six.
- object: I bought four (of them).
- predictive: He is five.
- Attribute: There were four men in the room.
- Adverb. modifier: I get up at seven.
Note: used instead of ordinals in postposition:
Book Four but the fourth book, Act Three but the third ,net Unit 5, lecture 3, line 6, paragraph 2, Chapter X, No. (number) 49 = # 49 (US English), Apartment 12, World War II(but the Second World War)
| - Show the order of persons or things in a series Morphological composition: (the same) - Except the first three: 1st (the first), 2nd (the second), 3d (the third) are formed from cardinal numerals by means of the suffix –th. Mind the pronunciation: 20 – twenty but the 20ieth [ˈtwentııθ] 30 – thirty but the 30ieth, etc. Note: normally they are used with the definite article: This is the second floor. But can be used with the indefinite article when they do not show a definite order of persons or things in a series: The bell rang once, then a second time, then a third. Functions: - Attribute: This is my first dance. - Subject: Then advancing towards us came a fifth. - Predicative: So I might as well be the first. - object: She noted a scar on his cheek, another ... and a third that ran ... |
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DATES
| 731 | seven hundred (and) thirty-one |
| 1900 | nineteen hundred |
| 1904 | nineteen [ou] four |
| 2000 | two thousand |
| 2009 | two thousand nine |
| 15th, May 1948 May 15th, 1948 May 15, 1948 | The fifteenth of May, nineteen forty-eight. May the fifteenth, nineteen forty-eight. |
THE FOUR OPERATIONS
| Addition | 4 + 5 = 9 | We add four to five and get nine. Four and five equals nine Four and five is (are) nine. |
| Subtraction | 9 – 4 = 5 | We subtract four from nine and get five. Four from nine is five. |
| Multiplication | 4 x 5 = 20 | We multiply four by five and get twenty. Four times five is twenty. |
| Division | 20 : 4 = 5 | We divide twenty by four and get five. |
FRACTIONAL NUMERALS
Common Fractions
1/3 – a (one) third 2/3 ton – two thirds of a ton
1/8 – an (one) eighth ¾ kilometre – three quarters of a kilometre
½ – a (one) half ½ ton – half of a ton
¼ – a (one) quarter 2 ½ tons – two and a half tons or two tons and a half
2/3 – two thirds 4 1/3 tons – four and a third tons or four tons and a third
3/5 – three fifths 1 ½ hours – one and a half hours or one hour and a half
5/6 – five sixths 1 1/3 pounds – one and a third pounds or one pound and a third
Decimal Fractions
| 0.1 | nought [no:t] point one | 1.25 tons | one point two five tons |
| 0.01 | nought point nought one | 23.76 tons | two three point seven six tons or twenty-three point seven six tons |
| 0.25 | nought point two five | 14.105 | one four (or fourteen) point one nought five |
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Extra information
| 0 | 0; zero | |
| 1/2 | a half; one half | |
| 1/3 | a third; one third | |
| 3/4 | three fourths | |
| 1/2bh | a half of the product bh | |
| u is equal to the ratio of divided by one plus x square | |
| 0.02 | 0 point 0 two | |
| 38.75 | thirty-eight point seventy five | |
| + | plus | |
| - | minus | |
| x | multiplication sign | |
| : | sign of division | |
| = | sign of equality | |
| () | round brackets | |
| [ ] | square brackets | |
| a=b | a is equal to b; a equals b; | |
| a»b | a approximately equals b | |
| a>b | a is greater than b | |
| a<b | a is less than b | |
| x=-x | x approaches infinity | |
| a·b=c | a multiplied by b equals c | |
| a/b=c | a divided by b equals c a divided by b is c the ratio of a to b is c c is equal to a divided by b | |
| a+b=c | a plus b is c, a plus b are equal to c a plus b is equal to c | |
| a-b=c | a minus b is equal to c | |
| x2 | x squire, x squired; x to the second power; x raised to the second power; the square of x; the second power of x | |
| y3 | y cube; y cubed; y to the third power | |
| z-12 | z to the minus twelfth power | |
| ∞ | infinity | |
| C | constant | |
| the square root of a is (equals) b | |
| the fifth root of a square | |
| a′ | a prime | |
| a″ | a second prime a double prime a twice dashed | |
| a1 | a sub one a first | |
| am | a sub m | |
| f′c | f prime, sub c f sub c, prime | |
| second derivative of x | |
| first derivative of x with respect to y | |
| ym=f(x) | y is function of x y sub m is a function y x | |
| integral of.... from m to n integral of .... between limits n and m | |
| v is equal to u; square root of sine square i plus cosine square i is equal to u | |
| % | per cent | |
| 0.52 % | point five two per cent zero point five two of one per cent | |
| 450C | forty five degrees Centigrade |
Exercises
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Exercise 13. Say aloud the following numerals:
1, 1st, 2, 2nd, 3, 3d, 4, 4th, 40, 40th, 5, 5th, 8, 8th, 9, 9th, 10, 10th, 12, 12th, 20, 20th, 100, 100th.
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