A: Which country do you come from?



B: Tulen Saksasta, olen saksalainen.

A: And I am Finnish. Nice to meet you!

B: Hauska tavata!

 

* * *

 

 

A: Hi! How are you?

B: Moi, kiitos hyvдд!

A: What will you do on Thursday?

B: Menen yliopistolle. Tuletko sinд?

A: Yes, I will come too. See you on Thursday!

B: Nдhdддn!

 

 

* * *

 

A: Excuse me, how much is this digicamera?

B: Se maksaa 125 euroa.

A: How about this?

B: 150 euroa.

 

* * *

 

A: Hi, how is it going?

B: Kiitos hyvin. Entд sinulla?

A: Fine, thanks. I am studying a lot.

B. Minдkin. Opiskelen suomea, englantia, biologiaa ja kemiaa.

A: Ok. Have a nice weekend! See you!

B: Kiitos samoin! Nдhdддn!


 

PARIHARJOITUS

 

B

 

 

A: Hei! Minun nimi on Jaana/Jani. Mikд sinun nimi on?

B: My name is Inga/Jan.

A: Mistд maasta tulet?

B: I come from Germany, I am German.

A: Ja minд olen suomalainen. Hauska tavata!

B: Nice to meet you!

 

* * *

 

A: Moi! Mitд kuuluu?

B: Hi, thanks I’m fine.

A: Mitд teet torstaina?

B: I will go to the University. Will you come?

A: Joo, minдkin tulen. Nдhdддn torstaina!

B: See you!

 

* * *

A: Anteeksi, kuinka paljon tдmд digikamera maksaa?

B: It costs 125 euros.

A: Entд tдmд?

B: 150 euros.

 

* * * 

 

A: Terve, miten menee?

B: Fine, thanks. How about you?

A: Kiitos hyvin. Opiskelen paljon.

B: Me too. I study Finnish, English, biology and chemistry.

A: Okei. Hyvдд viikonloppua! Nдhdддn!

B: Thanks, you too! See you!

 


Asun Karankokadulla Lappeenrannassa

Natalia:    Mistд te olette kotoisin?

Otto:         Minд olen kotoisin Lappeenrannasta.
Elisa:        Ja minд olen kotoisin Helsingistд. Oletko sinд venдlдinen?
Natalia:    En ole. Minд olen Irlannista, mutta minun дiti on venдlдinen.
Elisa:        Asutteko te Punkkerikadulla vai Karankokadulla?
Otto:         Minд asun Sammonlahdessa kirkon (church)lдhellд.
Natalia:    Minд asun Oton naapurissa (next door). Missд sinд asut?
Elisa:        Minд asun keskustassa. Tiedдttekц, kuinka paljon kello on?

Otto:         Kello on viisi vaille kolme.

Elisa:        Nyt minд lдhden, bussi lдhtee kohta (soon). Nдhdддn huomenna!
Natalia:    Moikka!

 

CONSONANT GRADATION

Lappi                                                                       Lapin yliopisto

Lappeenranta                                                      Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto

Karankokatu                                                        Karankokadun opiskelija-asunto

Sammonlahti                                                       Sammonlahden S-market

Turku                                                                      Turun yliopisto

Itдvalta                                                                   Itдvallan pддkaupunki on Wien.

- Affects the sounds p, t and k (also pp, tt and kk) when they occur in the end of a Finnish word when we add and ending that consists of a lonely consonant OR begins with two consonants.

 

- The amount of p, t or k is then diminished or their quality changes = the stem of the word becomes weak. These endings are for example -n, -t, –ssa/-ssд, -lla/llд. Partitive endings don’t cause the weakening of the stem. 

 

- Affects both verbs and nouns.

Lappi: Asun Lapissa. (one p disappears)

Matti: Matilla on auto. (one t disappears)

Lappeenranta: Asun Lappeenrannassa. (nt becomes nn)

Turku: Asun Turussa. (lonely k disappears)

- Notice that many verbs in the 1st verb group have consonant gradation: e.g. ottaa (to take), lukea (to read), lдhteд (to leave), saapua (to arrive), kirjoittaa (to write), tietдд (to know), antaa (to give).

With this kind of verbs, the 1st and 2nd persons plural and singular have always the so called weak stem and the 3rd ones singular and plural have always the strong stem. Negation stem is always weak (because it is taken from the 1st person sing.: lukea > minд luen > lue> en lue).

kirjoittaa (to write): Minд kirjoitan raporttia. Hдn kirjoittaa blogia. Hдn ei kirjoita artikkelia.

tietдд (to know): Tiedдtkц sinд, mitд kello on? – En tiedд. Katariinalla on kello, hдn tietдд. (vowel+t becomes vowel+d).

Example: ottaa kahvia

 

Minд _________kahvia.                                                                 Me ___________kahvia.

____________ko sinд kahvia?                                                       _____________ko te kahvia?

Hдn ei _______ kahvia.                                                                  He ______________ kahvia.

Here is a list of the changes that are possible. On the left side you have the nominative form or the infinitive form and on the right side you should write the asked form of the word and consider the changes of the consonants p, t and k. 

 

STRONG GRADE                                                                              WEAK GRADE

 

pp                                                                              >               p

tt                                                                               >               t

kk                                                                              >               k

 

Lappi                                                                        >               Lapin yliopisto

Matti                                                                         >               Matti’s car =

Jukka                                                                   >               Jukka’s lastname is Lahtinen. =

 

 

p                                                                                >               v

Vt                                                                          >               Vd

ht                                                                              >               hd

k                                                                                >               -

 

saapua (to arrive)                                                     >               I arrive at 8. =                    

katu (street)                                                        >               on Karankokatu =

tietдд (to know)                                                        >               I don’t know. =

lдhteд (to leave)                                                       >               We leave at 10. =

lukea (to read)                                                          >               I will read Etelд-Saimaa. =

 

nt                                                                              >               nn

lt                                                                                >               ll

rt                                                                               >               rr

nk                                                                              >               ng

 

Lappeenranta                                                            >               LUT =

Itдvalta                                                                      >               the capital of Austria =

ymmдrtдд (to understand)                                       >               I understand. =

kenkд (a shoe)                                                           >               shoes =              (ending –t!)

 

 

NOTE: Combination -st- is not affected by the gradation. For example words ostaa, matkustaa, yliopisto do not lose the -t- in any forms. E.g. Ostan maitoa.

 

Fill in the missing words in the needed form. (Consider the possible changes in stem.)

  1. Minд opiskelen ______________(suomi).
  2. Mitд sinд opiskelet? – Opiskelen __________________(tekniikka).
  3. Missд sinд opiskelet? - ____________________(yliopisto).
  4. _____________(Pekka) on auto.
  5. ____________(Matti) sukunimi on Laakso.
  6. Asutko sinд ____________________(Turku)? (in = suffix -ssa/-ssд)
  7. Minд asun ___________________(Kauppakatu).
  8. He opiskelevat ____________________(Helsinki).
  9. Minд __________________(matkustaa) Ranskaan.
  10. Juotko _________________(kahvi)?
  11. Saanko ___________________(kakku), kiitos.
  12. Saanko kaksi ___________________(appelsiini), kiitos.

Kertaa kysymyssanat. (Revise the question words.)

 

Who? =

Of which nationality? =

From where? =

How much? =

What? (about countable things) =

What? (about uncountable things) =

Where? =

When? =

At what time? =

By what (transportation)? =

Why? =

Whose? =

DIALOGI

A (starts the dialogue)

A: Hello, how are you?

B: Moi, hyvдд kiitos, entд sinulle?


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