Do you have any problems while learning English? (Answer this question using sentences below)
Unit 1. MY INSTITUTE
Remember the following words and phrases, read the text and be ready to speak about your institute.
educational establishment – образовательноеучреждение
Merchant Marine – торговыйфлот
totrain – готовить (специалистов)
cadet - курсант
branch - филиал
Engineering and Technology of Shipbuilding and Water Transport - техникаитехнологиикораблестроенияиводноготранспорта
Engineering and Technology of Surface Transport- техникаитехнологииназемноготранспорта
EconomicsandManagement – экономика и управление
major – направление подготовки
hydrographer (nauticalsurveyor) - гидрограф
Technology of Transport Processes – технологиятранспортныхпроцессов
Water Transport Management & Hydrographic Support of Shipping – управлениеводнымтранспортомигидрографическоеобеспечениесудоходства
department - факультет
to refer to… - относитьсяк…
to get a bachelor degree – получатьстепеньбакалавра
to get a specialist degree – получатьстепеньспециалиста
academic year – учебныйгод
to launch life-boats – спускатьшлюпкинаводу
to use fire-fighting equipment – использоватьпожарноеоборудование
to hold credits – сдаватьзачеты
to pass exams – сдаватьэкзамены
intersubject communications - межпредметныесвязи
to wear uniform – носитьформу
to keep watch – нестивахту
to attend classes – посещатьзанятия
to observe University Statute – соблюдатьуставуниверситета
within – в рамках, в пределах
Hydrography - гидрография
Researchactivity – исследовательская деятельность
tograduatefrom – заканчивать (высшее учебное заведение)
process engineer – инженер - технолог
to explore seas and oceans – исследоватьморяиокеаны
tocomposecharts – составлять морские карты
tocomposemaps – составлять географические карты
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to perform - выполнять
to go to sea – выходитьвморе
to have practical training – проходитьпрактику
tohaveshipboardtraining – проходить плавательную практику
Ship’sManagement – управление судном
HydrographicOperationsManagement – управление гидрографическими операциями
HydrographicSupportingofPortActivity – гидрографическое обеспечение деятельности порта
RussianHistory – отечественная история
Jurisprudence - правоведение
Geography of Water Ways – географияводныхпутей
Theory of Errors – теорияошибок
Marine Celestial Navigation – мореходнаяастрономия
Electronic Chart Display and Information System – электроннаякартография
BasicShipTheory – теория устройства судна
Hydrometeorology - гидрометеорология
Read the text below. Be ready to discuss this information with your colleagues.
My INSTITUTE
There are several educational establishments in Russia that train specialists of Merchant Marine. One of these institutes is situated in Novorossiysk. Its branch is in Rostov-on-Don. It is called Sedov Water Transport Institute – the branch of Admiral Ushakov State Maritime University.
Our institute has Marine Transport Engineers’ Department that includes three majors: Engineering and Technology of Shipbuilding and Water Transport, Engineering and Technology of Surface Transport and Economics and Management. Engineering and Technology of Shipbuilding and Water Transport major includes 3 specialities, namely, Navigation, Engineering and Water Transport Management & Hydrographic Support of Shipping. The second major is Engineering and Technology of Surface Transport. It has Technology of Transport Processes speciality. And major of Economics and Management consists of one speciality only. This is Economics.
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Future economists, process engineers and hydrographers or nautical surveyors, as they are called, study for 4 years and get a bachelor’s degree. Future navigators and marine engineers study for 5 years and get a specialist degree. All cadets have practical training during their study. Cadets of Navigation and Engineering specialities have shipboard training. They learn how to launch the life - boats, how to use fire-fighting equipment and how to keep watch on board ship. The cadets of Technology of Transport Processes have their practice in the port and different transport companies. Future hydrographers have a specific hydrographic practice twice within a period of their study.
The cadets wear uniform and perform specific duties. For example, they must keep watch and observe University Statute.
The academic year has two terms. Cadets attend classes and lectures and at the end of each term they have to hold credits and pass exams where they can show their progress.
The cadets study some general and special subjects during their training. They have Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Ecology, Informatics, Russian History, Jurisprudence, Geography of Water Ways, Theory of Errors, etc. As to English, its course is divided into two steps: Foreign Language and Business Language. English is closely connected with special subjects such as Ship’s Management, Marine Celestial Navigation, Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems, Navigation, Basic Ship Theory, and others. Intersubject communications are very important for future specialists of Merchant Marine.
My name is…..The name of my faculty isMarine Transport Engineers’ Department. This department is one of the most popular in our Institute. I am a correspondence student. The students work hard on many subjects necessary for their future profession: Physics, High Maths, Strength of Materials and Theoretical Mechanics. The future navigators study the following subjects such as Marine Law, Navigation, Sailing Directions, Basics of Ships Steering, Astronomy, Global Marine Satellite System (GMSS) and Navigational Aids Maintenance. Before they become a navigator, the students will work as seamen. They will keep watch on the navigating bridge, paint, wash and scrub deck and complete the orders.As shipping is an international industry, both future engineers and navigators will call at many foreign ports. For this reason they are also taught the English language to be able to communicate properly in case of necessity or urgency (emergency).
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On graduating from the institute the cadets of Navigation and Engineering specialities will go to sea, economists and process engineers will work in the port and other commercial organizations. Hydrographers will explore seas and oceans, help to compose charts and maps, perform a research activity and work on service ships.
Unit 2.MARINE ENGLISH
Do you have any problems while learning English? (Answer this question using sentences below)
I find grammar (learning words) far more difficult (hard).
I have no problems while (learning, reading, memorizing words, idioms, phrasal verbs).
I have most problems with vocabulary (grammar, speaking…).
I feel confident about pronunciation (listening, reading…)
2. Answer the questions:
1) Is English more difficult to learn than any other languages?
2) What is your main reason for learning English?
3) How do you personally prefer to study English?
4) What is the secret of language learning?
5) Why is good pronunciation desirable for English speaker?
3. Agree or disagree:
1) Everyone should be able to speak at least two languages.
2) There is no one way to learn a language.
3) Experience is better than training.
4) Grammar is an easy thing.
5) To be good at English, you must work hard every day.
6) Sounding like an English person does not mean you are good at English.
7) Some English sounds may create difficulties for the students.
8) You can learn English only if you live in an English-speaking country.
9) English is the most popular foreign language in Russia.
10) There are thirty-two letters in the English alphabet.
Marine English
Communication is very important on board. The benefits of effective communication are many. In the world of inter-
national shipping, with seafarers from many countries sailing on ships
trading to all parts of the world, effective communication between those
on board and between ship and shore is vitally important. Marine English aims to develop main language skills: speech, grammar, and reading. As an international language, Maritime English is used as the means of communication in Maritime Industry between people often none of whom is a native user of the language.
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The maritime world has, like many specialized areas of activity, a language of its own. And some of the words and phrases are unlikely to mean anything outside of the maritime world. So, it was definitely clear that a
common language should be used for navigational purposes, and that
language should be English. English has been adopted by the IMO, officially, as the language of the sea. STCW 95 requires that every mariner must have an adequate knowledge of it. English became an international maritime language, so all mariners must know it.
English is the official maritime language adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The use of correct and effective verbal and nonverbal components of communication by seafarers may be, in many cases, a vital issue. Due to disturbances (noise, fog) which may occur at sea in the process of conveying messages, sailors use both verbal and nonverbal components of communication, all of them being regulated nationally and internationally. Communication in the Merchant Marine has certain particulars as a result of the complex situations which may arise in seamen’s activities, both on land and at sea.
Present marine communications requirements are established under the SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) Convention. This communication requires good knowledge of English. Ships traveling on oceans are required to carry communication equipment depending on their area of operation. Systems operate in a) the very high frequency (VHF) bands, and satellite systems (channel 16 is the distress and calling channel, monitored by local coastal rescue centers, also used to disseminate local and coastal weather forecast and navigational warnings); b) medium frequency (MF) bands (on ships operating 20-100 nautical miles offshore to broadcast meteorological, weather, safety and urgent and navigation warning information in textual format to mariners at sea – NAVTEX); c) high frequency (HF) bands (to disseminate high seas warning, meteorological, weather, safety and navigational information using voice single side-band, radio facsimile, and simplex teletype over radio – SITOR). Satellite communications are mainly conducted through INMARSAT-A (an analog system which provides voice, telex, low/high speed data, broadcast/group calling and vessel tracking). Under the SOLAS regulations, it is required that ships have GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System) equipment.
• Communication between ships
Communication between ships is required by the following groups of factors: types of information (e.g. hazard, fire, collision, etc.) the need to identify each vessel, asking for a pilot to come aboard (the ship’s master requires the presence of an authorized person, “the pilot”, to lead the ship to the berth), transmission of warnings under very different and complex circumstances (when there are fog banks, unidentified floating objects, mines, oil spills, fishing boats in the area, search and rescue operations, military operations, pipelines, when water is shallow or when there are wrecks, rocks, bridges which will not open), granting assistance when a ship is sinking, damaged, on fire, running aground, running into collision, etc., and the ship requires a rescue boat, helicopter, medical and fire-fighting assistance, tugboat or ice boat).
• Communication onboard ships
Communication aboard a ship is performed through an internal telephone system or by sending commands through a speaking tube/voice pipe, through face-to-face communication in the mother tongue or in English (most of the time) when crews are multinational or multilingual. Orders for the engine room are transmitted from the bridge through the ship’s telegraph system. For clear, fast, effective and unambiguous communication, several conditions must be met. The master’s orders – most of the time.
• Communication used for other purposes
Another type of communication, on all seas and oceans of the world and in all foreign ports, occurs in English: in international waters, in navigation e.g. a “pilot” is required to come on board to lead the ship to berth; passage through straits and channels supervised by certain coastal stations; towing; medical inspection and control of the vessel on entering a foreign port; signing contracts with agents from different countries for loading, unloading; receiving and distributing cargo; purchase of food and technical supplies; technical assistance request in certain cases; repairs; resolving disputes relating to collisions, the quality of goods, the conditions under which cargo was delivered.
UNIT3. SHIP
Basic terms:
Hull – корпуссудна
Superstructure - настройка
Machinery - оборудование
Stern - корма
Bow – нос
Amidships – мидель
Beam – траверз, ширинасудна
Deck - палуба
Engineroom – машинное отделение
Propellershaft – гребной вал
Bowthruster – носовое подруливающее устройство
Rudder – руль, рулевое устройство
Bulbousbow – бульбовая носовая часть
Hold – трюм
propulsion – движение (зд.)
steering – управление судном
anchoring – постановка на якорь
shipsecuring – швартовка
cargohandling – обработкагруза
powergeneration – выработка мощности
1. Read the text and be ready to discuss ship’s construction:
A ship is a complex engineering construction (floating or submersible if submarine) made to carry cargoes, passengers and for other purposes and which must have a high degree of reliability.
The main body of a ship is called hull. Ship’s hull is a huge box made of steel (mostly), which engineers call a box structure.The hull is divided into three main parts: the foremost part is called the bow, the rearmost part is called the stern, the part in between is called midships.
There are two main parts of a ship: the hull and the machinery. The hull is the main body of the ship including her superstructure. The machinery includes not only the main engines required to drive her but also the auxiliary machinery (boilers, generators, etc.) used for manoeuvring purposes, steering, mooring, cargo handling and for various other services, e.g. the electrical installations, winches and refrigerating plant.
The rear portion of the ship is called the after end or stern. When moving stern first, the vessel is moving astern. The front portion of the ship is called the fore end, whilst the extreme forward end is called the bow. When moving bow first, the vessel is moving ahead. Fore and aft are generally used for directional purposes. The area between the forward and aft portions of the vessel is called amidships. The maximum breadth of the vessel, which is found in the amidships body, is known as the beam.
Many modern cargo and passenger liners have a transverse propulsion unit or bow thruster in the bows. Its purpose is to give greater manoeuvrability in confined waters, e.g. ports, and so reduce or eliminate the need for tugs.
The rudder, which enables the vessel to maintain her course, is situated right aft. The bulbous bow can improve passenger and crew comfort, as it can reduce pitching in heavy seas and has been provided in tankers, bulk carriers, and modern cargo liners to increase speed when in ballast.
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