If I were you , I would accept their invitation.
If they were sleeping, she would not disturb them.
Conditional III
Умовні речення третього типу використовуються, коли мова йде про уявну або неможливу сируацію в минулому, а також описується її уявний результат. Уявна або неможлива ситуація передається за допомогою if + past perfect (завершений минулий час). Результат цієї ситуації передається за допомогою would або wouldn’t have та past participle (дієприкметник минулого часу).
Як правило, це складнопідрядні речення, між частинами яких ставиться кома.
| (a) If you had told me about the problem then, I would have helped you earlier. | In (a): In truth, you didn’t tell me about it. |
| (b) If I hadn’t slipped on the ice, I wouldn’t have broken my arm. | In (b): In truth, I slipped on the ice. I broke my arm as a result. |
| (c) If I had been you, I wouldn’t have called him yet yesterday. | In (с): In truth, you called him yesterday. |
Примітка: допоміжне дієслово майже завжди скорочується в мовленні. “If you’d told me, I’d have helped you (or:…I would’ve helped you).”
Study the table:
| If-clause | Main clause |
| If + S + Had + V3 … , (past perfect) | S would have + V3 … should (past participle) could might |
If the weather had been fine last Tuesday, we would have gone to the stadium.
Read and study the table.
| CONDITIONAL | MEANING OF THE “IF CLAUSE” | VERB FORM IN THE “IF CLAUSE” | VERB FORM IN THE “RESULT CLAUSE” | EXAMPLES |
| I | True in the present/ future | present simple, present continuous, or present perfect | Simple present (V1) Simple future (will+V1) | (a) If I have enough time, I write to my parents every week. (b) If I have enough time tomorrow, I will write to my parents. |
| II | Untrue in the present/ future | past simple past continuous | Would + simple form could (V1) might | (c) If I had enough time, I wouldwrite to my parents. (In truth, I do not have enough time, so I will not write to them.) |
| III | Untrue in the past | Past perfect | Would + have + V3 could (past might participle) | (d) If I hadhad enough time, I would have written to my parents yesterday. (In truth, yesterday I did not have enough time, so I did not write to them.) |
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Wish Clause
Read and learn the examples in TABLE 1 and the rule.
| The true situation (Дійсна ситуація) Facts (Факти) | Imaginary situation (Уявна ситуація) Contrary-to-facts in the Present/Future (Протилежне фактичній ситуації у тепеішньому/майбутньому) |
| I don’t have a car. I wish I had one. I am not a pilot. I wish I were a pilot. | If I had a car, I would drive it myself. If I were a pilot, I would fly to India. |
Table 1.
Wish (that) I… використовується, коли ми хочемо сказати про нейздісненне бажання, або про бажання, яке не може здійснитися зараз, у цю мить, завтра та ін.
Examples:
1) I wish I knewwhat is on NTV channel now.
2) I wish I were a famous lawyer to appear in serious journals
3) I wish Dmitriy Dibrov were here.
Примітка:в обох частинах речення дії одночасні.
Увага! Після I wish … форма were використовується в усіх особах однини і множини.
Read and learn the examples in TABLE 2 and the rule.
| The true situation (Дійсна ситуація) Facts (Факти) | Imaginary situation (Уявна ситуація) Contrary-to-facts in the Past (Протилежне фактичній ситуації у минулому) |
| I didn’t call my friend last night. I wish I had called him. He didn’t watch TV yesterday. He wishes he had watched TV yesterday | If I had called my friend last night, I would have told him the news. If he had watched TV yesterday, he would not have missed such an interesting film. |
Table 2.
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Перфектна форма використовується для вираження дії, яка передує дії у головній частині речення. Вона не могла здійснитися вчора, тоді та ін..
Examples:
1) I wish I had been at home then to listen to my favorite music on the radio. (Мені б хотілося тоді бути вдома і слухати мою улюблену музику по радіо.)
2) I wish I had bought the journal last week. By now I had already known the latest financial data.(Мені б хотілося купити цей журнал минулого тижня. Тоді б я вже знав останню фінансову інформацію.)
SPEECH PATTERNS
| Речення для вираження згоди, незгоди або особистої думки: | ||
| 1. | In my opinion (to my mind) | На мою думку |
| 2. | It seems to me | Мені здається |
| 3. | I consider (think) | Я вважаю (гадаю) |
| 4. | As far as I remember (understand, know) | Наскільки я пам’ятаю (розумію, знаю) |
| 5. | I am sure it is true (false) | Я впевнений це правда (неправда) |
| 6. | I am not sure but I think | Я не впевнений, але я вважаю |
| 7. | You are right (wrong, mistaken) | Ви маєте рацію (Ви помиляєтесь) |
| 8. | Nothing of the kind | Нічого подібного |
| 9. | That is really so | Це дійсно так |
| 10. | I quite agree with you | Я повністю згоден з вами |
| 11. | I disagree with you | Я не згоден з вами |
| 12. | As a matter of fact | По суті справи |
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| Підстановчі таблиці для переказу теми або тексту: | ||||
| 1. | Today In the very beginning To begin with | I can’t but mention that | ||
| I am going to I’d like to I want to
| speak on / about report on tell you about tell you a few words about say that draw one’s attention to explain mention note point know add that... | |||
| 2. | Speaking about.......... | |||
| 3. | In addition In conclusion | |||
| 4. | It is | interesting to necessary to important to | ||
| 5. | Strange as it may | seem appear | but... | 6. | To my mind | it is ... | |
| As far as | I remember I know I’m concerned | ||||||
| 7. | As a matter of fact | it is he is | 8. | As for me | I think I am sure I am not sure but I think I believe |
| It’s common knowledge | To tell the truth |
| Linking words and phrases: |
| Firstly, secondly, finally, ets. When, as, while, before, since, after, by the time, as soon as, ets. |
| To add more information or link similar ideas we use: and, as well, furthermore, both...and, in addition(to this), also, what is more, moreover, besides (this),not only ...but also, ets. |
| To link contrasting ideas we use: however, on the other hand, nevertheless, although, in spite of / despite (the fact), but, ets. |
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