Ex. 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfekt Participle
Причастие (Participle I, Participle II)
Причастие – это неличная форма глагола, совмещающая в себе свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия.
Формы причастия
| Participle I | Participle II | Perfect Participle | |
| Active | writing (пишущий) | having written (написав) | |
| Passive | being written (будучи написанным) | written | having been written (была написана, будучи написанным) |
Причастие I образуется при помощи суффикса –ing, который прибавляется к основе глагола в форме инфинитива без частицы – to
To write – writing, to say – saying
Функции. Причастие I употребляется в функции
1) определения:
The boy playing in the garden is my son. – Мальчик, играющий в саду, мой сын.
The houses being built in our town now are high. – Дома, строящиеся сейчас в нашем городе, высокие.
Как определение Participle Iпереводится на русский язык причастием с суффиксами –ущ, -ющ, -ащ, - ящ.
2) обстоятельства:
Going home I met a friend of mine. – Идя домой, я встретил одного из своих друзей.
Having finished my work I went home. – Закончив работу, я отправился домой.
Having been discussed the book was sent to the publishing house. – После того, как книга была обсуждена (когда), она была отослана в издательство.
В функции обстоятельства, если Participle Iвыражает действие, одновременное действию глагола – сказуемого, оно переводится русскими деепричастиями несовершенного вида с суффиксами – а, - я (крича, идя).ЕслиParticiple Iвыражает действие, предшествовавшее действию глагола – сказуемого, оно переводится русским деепричастием совершенного вида с суффиксами – в, - вши (закончив, сказав)или придаточным времени.
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Причастие II всегда пассивно по значению. Причастие II правильных глаголов образуется с помощью суффикса –ed,который прибавляется к основе глагола в форме инфинитива без частицы – to (to ask – asked, to answer – answered, to plan – planned). Причастие II неправильных глаголов образуется путём чередования звуков в корне (to write – written, to say – said, to send – sent)
Функции.Оно употребляется в качестве определения, соответствуя в русском языке причастиям, оканчивающимся на –мый, - нный, - тый.
The article translated into English is very long. – Статья, переведённая на английский язык, очень большая.
The subjects studied by our students are rather difficult. – Предметы, изучаемые студентами, довольно трудные.
Participle IIупотребляется также в качестве обстоятельства (причины и времени). В этом случае оно переводится причастным оборотом или придаточным времени (причины).
Caught red-handed Tom couldn’t retreat. – Пойманный на месте преступления (так как его поймали …), Том не мог отступать.
Asked if he would go there he didn’t say anything. – Когда его спросили, пойдёт ли он туда, он ничего не сказал.
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Ex. 1. Переведите на русский язык.
1.Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2.The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3.The man playing the piano is Kate’s uncle. 4.Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the performance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 7.Hearing the sounds of music we stopped talking. 8.She went into the room, leaving the door open.
Ex. 2.
| Сравните употребление Participle I (“ing”-форма)иParticiple II (III форма глагола) |
| taking –берущий, беря taken –взятый doing –делающий, делая done –сделанный |
1.A fish taken out of the water cannot live. 2.A person taking a sun-bath must be very careful. 3.Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text. 4.A teacher seeing a mistake in a student’s dictation always corrects it. 5.Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: “Fire! Fire!” 6.The word said by the student was not correct. 7.A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.8.He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams. 9.When sending the telegram she forgot to write her name.
Ex. 3. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.
1. a)The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil. b)Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.
2. a)The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful. b)The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.
3. a)Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table? b)The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.
4. a)The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister. b)The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.
5. a)We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs. b)We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.
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6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?
7.The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.
8.Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.
9.We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.
10.The (losing, lost) book was found at last.
11.(Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.
12.Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.
13.She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.
14.It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.
15.Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me yesterday.
16.I think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother.
Ex. 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfekt Participle
| Сравните употребление Present ParticipleиPerfect Participle |
| buying –покупая having bought –купив |
1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard.
2.(to do) his homework, he went for a walk.
3.(to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends.
4.(to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends.
5.(to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea.
6.(to drink) tea, she scalded her lips.
7.(to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs.
8.(to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.
9.(to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St.Petersburg’s White Nights in summer.
10.(to talk) to her neighbor in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money.
11.(to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.
12.(to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home.
13. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.
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