НОВОСТИ.СРЕДСТВА МАССОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
UNIT 7: BRITISHMEDIA
Ex.1. Read the text and find the English equivalents of the following words:
средства массовой информации, предоставлять развлечения, независимость и свобода, выполнять роль, независимый «надзиратель», политические вопросы, государственная власть, быть ответственным за, транслировать, совет директоров, беспристрастный (непредвзятый), представлять конкуренцию, семья (домашнее хозяйство), зарабатывать деньги, вид отдыха, показывать рекламу, образовательное вещание, спутниковая тарелка, подписываться на (обслуживание), зрители, художественные фильмы, конкурентоспособная область на рынке вещания, контролирующий орган, доступный, компьютерно грамотное поколение, признавать, периодические издания, различные точки зрения, «желтая пресса», вторгаться в личную жизнь, преследовать знаменитостей.
TEXT:THE MEDIA IN GREAT BRITAIN
The media is a collective term for newspapers, magazines, television and radio. The media plays an important role in daily life in Britain. As well as providing entertainment, the media in Britain has a long tradition of independence and freedom. Its independent status allows the media to fulfil the role of an independent “watch-dog”. Open discussion on political issues acts as a balance to state power.
TV
Three organizations – the BBC*, the Independent Television Commission (ITC) and the Radio Authority – are in charge of television and radio services. The BBC broadcasts television and radio services while the ITC and Radio Authority license and check services. The BBC was set up in 1927 and is headed by a board of Governors who are chosen by the Government. These governors are responsible for providing a balanced and impartial service. In 1955 Independent Television (ITV) stations were permitted and began to present some competition to the BBC. The BBC is supported by license fees paid annually by each household (around 97% of British households have a colourTVset and buy an annual licence which costs almost £100). The BBC also makes money from the world-wide sale of programs and publications.
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Television is the most popular leisure activity in Britain – on average, people spend about three and a half hours each day watching TV. There are four channels on British TV. BBC1 and BBC2 are owned by the state. They carry no advertising and regularly transmit educational broadcasts. The commercial channels, ITV and Channel 4, are paid for by the advertisements they show.
There are five terrestrial television channels – this means that they are available without a satellite dish. Many people subscribe to satellite television services. Normal satellite services give viewers up to 30 extra English language channels. Some of these channels offer general entertainment, but most are devoted to specialized themes, such as sport, music, children’s programs and feature films.
RADIO
The BBC has five home radio stations, as well as the “world service” which can be heard in many countries all over the world in English and 45 other languages. The world service has many news programs, plays, shows and cultural discussions as well as English lessons. There are also three independent national radio services (classical music, rock music and talk radio) and about 200 independent local radio services. Radio has become the most competitive area of the broadcasting marketplace nowadays.
THE INTERNET
The Internet is not usually described as part of the traditional mass media. No one owns it, there is no controlling body and it is accessible to more and more people every year. It gives access to a wealth of information and resources. For an increasingly computer-literate generation, the Internet could become a real alternative to more traditional media. Many publishers and broadcasters have recognized this and have created their own sites on the World Wide Web (WWW).
THE WRITTEN WORD – THE PRESS
Britain has one of the largest publishing industries in the world. There are ten morning daily newspapers and nine Sunday papers published nationally. In addition, about 1,400 regional and local newspapers and more than 6,500 periodicals are published in the United Kingdom. Britain has one of the highest newspaper readership of any developed nation. Britain is home to some of the oldest newspapers in the world. The Observerand The Timeshave both been published since the late 18th century. In the past newspaper publishing was concentrated in Fleet Street in London, but the national papers have moved out of Fleet Street. Some went to new sites in the London Docklands or somewhere else.
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Britain’s newspapers look at life from rather different points of view. The Times, The Financial Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraphare known as “quality” newspapers. They have more writing than pictures, and they report in detail on serious news, both in Britain and abroad. “Tabloid” newspapers often intrude on people’s private lives. They follow celebrities and print sensational stories about them which are untrue or half-true. They take photos of them in their most intimate moments. The question is – should this be allowed? The Daily Express, The Daily Mail, The Sunand The Daily Mirrorhave less to say and more to show in pictures. They choose stories with strong “human interest”, and are not so interested in foreign news. Some of them, especially The Daily Expressand The Sun,spend a lot of time and money trying to get new stories and photographs of the Royal Family. Sometimes they go too far. The Queen has had to ask them several times to give her and her children a bit of peace.
The sad truth is that most radio and television news stories are about Britain, not about the rest of the world. British people often seem to be interested only in themselves. They are, on the whole, not very good at learning foreign languages, and few people seem to know very much what goes on abroad. It’s all the fault of that narrow strip of sea that separates England from France. British people can’t forget that they live on an island. Sometimes the rest of the world seems a long, long way away.
*BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) – Би-Би-Си, Британскаятеле- ирадиовещательнаякорпорация.
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Ex. 2. Answer the questions:
1. Do you think that the media influence our life?
2. Millions of people get most of their news from television. What about you?
3. Do you read newspapers? If yes, what is your favourite one?
4. When do you usually listen to the radio?
5. Do you agree that most news we get from the media is bad news?
6. Do you think that journalists are given too much freedom?
7. How do paparazzi earn their living?
8. Are you interested in politics? Don’t you think that some politicians use the media to influence their voters?
9. What is the main advantage of the Internet?
10. Can you name some British newspapers with long history?
11. What is the name of the street, famous for publishing newspapers?
12. What is the difference between quality and tabloid newspapers?
13. Do the media intrude on private life of the Queen and her family?
14. Why do the British know little about the world around them?
Ex. 3. Look through the texts and find sentences that give information about:
a) traditions of mass media in Britain;
b) how many organizations are responsible for television and radio service in Britain;
c) the number of British households with colourTVsets;
d) how the BBC makes money;
e) the number of TV channels in Great Britain;
f) satellite television services;
g) national and local radio services;
h) the importance of the Internet;
i) some old British newspapers;
j) the difference between quality and tabloid newspapers.
Ex. 4. Write about 100 words about any local newspaper, you like to read. Explain what sort of information it usually publishes, if it is a quality or tabloid newspaper, what articles you like to read about most of all, etc.
Ex. 5. Translate into English:
1. Британцы много смотрят телевизор. Также сообщается, что они больше всех в мире пользуются домашним видео. Но это не значит, что они отказались от чтения. Они третьи в мире по величине покупатели газет; только японцы и шведы покупают больше.
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2. Большинство местных газет не выходят по воскресеньям. Это единственный день, когда полностью преобладает национальная пресса. Воскресные газеты толще, чем ежедневные, а некоторые из них достигают 200 страниц.
3. Некоторые британские подростки, которые хотят заработать дополнительные деньги на карманные расходы, доставляют утренние газеты прямо к двери читателей. Чтобы не опоздать в школу, им приходится вставать каждый день примерно в половине шестого утра.
4. Точно так же, как британский парламент имеет репутацию «матери всех парламентов», так и Би-Би-Си можно назвать «матерью информационных услуг». Би-Би-Си по праву гордится своим независимым и беспристрастным освещением основных событий, которые происходят в мире.
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