PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION iv
Liquefied Gas Handling Principles On Ships and in Terminals McGuire and White THIRD EDITION First Edition 1986 Second Edition 1996 Third Edition 2000 © Copyright SIGTTO, Bermuda 1986, 1996, 2000 ISBN 1 85609 1643 All rights reserved Published and Printed in Great Britain by Witherby & Co Ltd 32-36 Aylesbury Street London EC1R OET, England
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
McGUIRE and WHITE
Liquefied Gas Handling Principles on Ships and in Terminals
1. Title
ISBN 1 856091643
While the information given has been gathered from what is believed to be the best sources available and the deductions made and recommendations put forward are considered to be soundly based, this book is intended purely as helpful guidance and as a stimulation to the development of more data and experience on the subject.
No responsibility is accepted by the Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators Ltd or by any person, firm, corporation or organisation who or which has been in any way concerned with the compilation, publication, supply or sale of this textbook, for the accuracy of any information or soundness of any advice given herein or for any omission herefrom or for any consequence whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from the adoption of the guidance contained herein.
Liquefied Gas Handling Principles
On Ships and in Terminals
McGuire and White
Published by Witherby & Company Limited 32-36 Aylesbury Street, London EC1R OET Tel No. 020 7251 5341 Fax No. 020 7251 1296 International Tel No. +44 20 7251 5341 Fax No. +44 20 7251 1296 E-mail: books@witherbys.co.uk Website: www.witherbys.com
Preface to third edition
Liquefied Gas Handling Principles, after two previous editions, is firmly established as the standard text for the industry's operational side. It is an indispensible companion for all those training for operational qualifications and an accessible work of reference for those already directly engaged in liquefied gas operations. Its appeal extends also to many others, not directly involved in the operational aspects of the industry, who require a comprehensive and ready reference for technical aspects of their businesses.
It is therefore important for Liquefied Gas Handling Principles to be kept thoroughly up to date. Although there are no single major changes from previous editions, this, its Third Edition, comprises many amendments that together ensure the work is kept current with contemporary operating practices.
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Preface to second edition
Since publication of the first edition, this book has become an acknowledged text for courses leading to the award of Dangerous Cargo Endorsements for seagoing certificates of competency. In this regard, the book's contents are now recommended by IMO in the latest revision of the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping convention. In addition, the book is being used increasingly for many non-statutory courses involving the training of marine terminal personnel. These achievements are due to the efforts of many SIGTTO members who have ensured comprehensive and practical coverage of the subject.
This second edition of Liquefied Gas Handling Principles on Ships and in Terminals is produced to bring the first edition up to date. The main changes stem from publication by IMO of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code). This Code was under preparation at the time of the first edition but was not fully covered as publication dates for each coincided. Also, since the IGC Code was printed, a number of amendments have been made to it. These changes are incorporated into the Safety of Life at Sea convention and, therefore, need coverage. At the time of writing, further amendments to the Gas Codes are being considered by IMO and these are also covered in this edition. One such is the new framework of rules and guidelines covering the Loading Limits for ships' cargo tanks. This initiative has direct relevance to ship's personnel and needs to be understood by staff involved in cargo handling operations at loading terminals.
The new second edition also includes the appropriate parts from the most up to date Ship/Shore Safety Check List as printed in the latest edition of the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals. This check list should be used by all terminals
handling gas carriers. The Ship/Shore Safety Check List is supported by IMO in its Recommendations on the Safe Transport of Dangerous Cargoes and Related Activities in Port Areas.
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Revision of the original text was also necessary due to the introduction of stricter environmental requirements; the decision to ban the use of halon as a fire-extinguishing medium is one example of such changes. Growing environmental awareness concerning many halogenated hydrocarbons (halons) and refrigerant gases such as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), resulting from an international agreement called the Montreal Protocol on Substances which Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987), will cause gradual phasing out and replacement by other products.
Preface to first edition
This textbook, published by the Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO), deals with the safe handling of bulk liquid gases (LNG, LPG and chemical gases) and emphasises the importance of understanding their physical properties in relation to the practical operation of gas-handling equipment on ships and at terminals. The book has been written primarily for serving ships' officers and terminal staff who are responsible for cargo handling operations, but also for personnel who are about to be placed in positions of responsibility for these operations.
The contents cover the syllabus for the IMO Dangerous Cargo Endorsement (Liquefied Gas) as outlined in the IMO Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping convention. The text is complementary to the Tanker Safety Guide (Liquefied Gas) and the IMO Gas Carrier Codes. Where a point regarding ship design requires authoritative interpretation, reference should always be made to the IMO Codes. The importance of the ship/shore interface in relation to the overall safety of cargo handling operations is summarised in Chapter Six and stressed throughout the text.
Names of compounds are those traditionally used by the gas industry. In general, Systeme International (Sl) units are used throughout the book although, where appropriate, alternative units are given. Definitions are provided in an introductory section and all sources of information used throughout the text are identified in Appendix 1. A comprehensive index is also provided for quick reference and topics which occur in more than one chapter are cross-referenced throughout the text.
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This textbook is also intended as a personal reference book for serving officers on gas carriers and for terminal operational staff.
Acknowledgements
The original text of this book was devised and drafted by Graham McGuire and Barry White of the Hazardous Cargo Handling Unit (now The Centre for Advanced Maritime Studies, Edinburgh, UK) to whom the Society expresses its sincere gratitude.
Particular thanks is also due to Michael Corkhill, Roger Ffooks, Paddy Watson and the late Alberto Allievi for their work on the first edition.
When revising the text in 1995 valuable assistance was received from Martin Boeckenhauer, Doug Brown, Michael Corkhill (again), John Glover, Jaap Hirdes, Roy Izatt, Mike Riley and Bill Wayne all of whom have the express thanks of the Society. For the new edition, many revised drawings are provided and in this regard thanks are due to David Cullen and Syd Harris.
Appreciation is also expressed to the SIGTTO Secretariat who co-ordinated the comments received.
Finally, the Society acknowledges the personal assistance from many individuals within the SIGTTO membership worldwide who have ensured that the text will be of direct relevance to all concerned with the safe and reliable marine transportation and terminalling of liquefied gases.
Contents
Page No.
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION iv
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