Выберите соответствующее описание лечения для каждого из следующих заболеваний
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ
(THE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTION)
| Данная конструкция состоит из существительного или местоимения в общем падеже (подлежащего) и причастия, которое выполняет функцию сказуемого. Если такой оборот находится в начале предложения, то при переводе необходимо добавить союзы когда или так как (1), а если в конце - а, но, при этом (2): (1) The lecture being very interesting, the students listened to it attentively. Так как лекция была очень интересной, студенты слушали её внимательно. (2) The doctor palpated the patient’s abdomen,the pain becoming severe. Врач пальпировал живот больного, при этом боль становилась сильнее. Перфектные формы причастия переводятся прошедшим временем: The doctor having performed the operation, the patient’s condition began to improve. После того как врач сделалоперацию, состояние больного начало улучшаться. The operation having been performed, the patient’s condition began to improve. После того как была сделана операция, стояние больного начало улучшаться. NB! Самостоятельный причастный оборот всегда отделяется запятой. |
Найдите самостоятельный причастный оборот и определите в нем слово, играющее роль подлежащего. Переведите предложения.
1. The boy suffering from a bad pain, we called in a doctor.
2. The procedure being over, the scientists discussed the results.
3. The doctor being out, we could not talk to him.
4. The patients were between the ages 30-50, the highest incidence being between 46 and 50 years.
5. He read several books in English, the latest being a biography of Darwin.
6. The cards being done, he began grouping the cards according to the properties of the elements on them.
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7. A remarkable regularity being observed, the professor arranged his elements in order of ascending atomic weight.
8. Glenn Seabord having discovered element 101, it was named mendelevium in recognition of the great Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleyev.
9. The window having been closed, there was very little air in the room.
10. The presence of free gas in the abdominal cavity being revealed, a pathologic process was suggested.
11. Generalized abdominal pains having increased, the doctor asked the nurse to give the patient an injection.
12. The report being in French, we could not understand one word.
Составьте предложения c независимым причастным оборотом, подбирая их части в левой и правой колонках.
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | The experiment being over, The doctor being out, The patient suffering from pneumonia, The patient feeling better, The patient’s condition becoming worse, My friend suffering from a severe pain, The doctor having performed the operation, The work being done, The students passed several exams, Clinical tests of the medicine were successful, | a b c d e f g h i j | the patient’s condition began to improve. he was allowed to walk. Anatomy being most difficult. we called in a doctor. the doctors decided to operate on him. the doctor decided to hospitalize him. they went home. no side effects having been noted. the scientists discussed the results. we could not talk to him. |
Подберите дефиницию к каждому патологическому явлению.
| 1 | Acute bronchitis | a | a tropical, recurrent disease caused by a parasite Plasmodium which enters the body after a bite from the female anopheles mosquito. The disease produces shivering, vomiting, sweating, headaches and anemia. |
| 2 | Acute pyelonephritis | b | a condition where tissues die and decay as a result of bacterial action because the blood supply has been lost through injury or disease of the artery. |
| 3 | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | c | an acute inflammatory condition of the lung caused by bacteria and marked by formation of an exudate in the lung tissue. |
| 4 | Atherosclerosis | d | elevation of systolic and/or diastolic pressure, either primary or secondary. |
| 5 | Cholera | e | a chronic inflammatory reaction of the gallbladder. |
| 6 | Chronic cholecystitis | f | the disorganization of liver architecture by widespread fibrosis and nodule formation, characterized by impaired liver function. |
| 7 | Cirrhosis | g | an acute, diffuse, often bilateral, pyrogenic infection of kidney. |
| 8 | Pulmonary tuberculosis | h | an arterial lesion characterized by initial thickening due to localized accumulation of lipids. |
| 9 | Gangrene | i | an acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree. |
| 10 | Gastroenteritis | j | an infectious viral disease of the upper respiratory tract occurring in epidemics and characterized by fever, malaise and muscular aches. |
| 11 | Hypertension | k | an infectious disease, caught by breathing in germs, in which infected lumps form in the lung tissue. Patients, suffering this disease, lose weight, cough blood and have a fever. |
| 12 | Influenza | l | a viral disease spread mostly by sexual intercourse and also transmitted through infected blood transfusions and through using unsterilized needles for injections. It causes a breakdown of the body’s immune system, making the patient susceptible to any infection. |
| 13 | Malaria | m | a condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque. |
| 14 | Pneumonia | n | an inflammation of the membrane lining the intestines and the stomach, caused by a viral infection, and resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. |
| 15 | Cataract | o | a bacterial disease spread through infected water or food. The infected person suffers from diarrhea and dehydration. The disease occurs in epidemics and is often fatal. |
4. Выберите симптомы, наиболее характерные для указанных заболеваний.
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1. In acute cholecystitis the patient suffers from ...
a) atrial fibrillation;
b) intense pains in the right hypochondrium and in the umbilical area;
c) slight pain and general epigastric discomfort.
2. In attacks of acute appendicitis the patient usually develops ...
a) profuse external bleeding;
b) vomiting of blood;
c) sharp pains in the epigastrium, which soon become generalized in the abdomen.
3. Perforating ulcers are characterized by ...
a) pain which is usually dull in character;
b) acute pain in the stomach;
c) sharp pain in the substernal area radiating down the arm.
4. The development of chronic gastritis is characterized by the appearance of ...
a) the loss of appetite, pain and epigastric discomfort after meals;
b) nausea, vomiting accompanied by haemorrhage;
c) cold perspiration at night and intermittent fever.
Выберите соответствующее описание лечения для каждого из следующих заболеваний.
| Acute pyelonephritis Bronchial asthma Chronic cholecystitis Cirrhosis Congestive heart failure Gastric ulcer Hypertension |
1. Treatment of this disease is designed to neutralize or decrease gastric acidity. A diet with hourly feeding of milk may help to relieve symptoms and is therefore desirable during the first week of treatment of an active ulcer.
2. Removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is the treatment of choice unless other serious illness contraindicates surgery. However, complete relief of the dyspeptic symptoms should not be expected in all patients with chronic cholecystitis.
3. Treatment of this disease is based upon the etiology; e.g., total abstinence from alcohol, a nutritious diet containing protein as tolerated by the patient, reasonable rest, and supplementation with therapeutic multivitamins. In the patient with severe complications of alcoholism, supplementation with thiamine may be important initially.
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4. Antimicrobal therapy should be instituted as soon as the diagnosis has been established and urine has been sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity tests. Treatment should be continued for 10 to 14 days and urine cultures repeated after completion of therapy. If obstruction is present, surgery may be required.
5. Sedation, extra rest, prolonged vacation, admonitions not to worry, and attempts at weight reduction and dietary sodium restriction are poor substitutes for effective antihypertensive drug therapy. Patients with uncomplicated hypertension should live normal lives as long as their blood pressure is controlled with medication. Dietary restrictions should be imposed only to control obesity or blood lipid abnormalities. With diuretics, a low sodium diet is usually unnecessary. Prudent exercise should be encouraged and cigarette smoking discouraged to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.
6. The clinical approach to a patient with this disease should first exclude other pathologies that can present cough and wheezing, and then identify and control environmental or other factors. Drug therapy is an important therapeutic modality and enables most patients to lead relatively normal lives with few adverse drug effects.
7. Management of this disease is based on the physiologic concept. Therapy includes rest, oxygenation, measures to improve myocardial contractivity, correction of arrhythmias, diuresis, sodium restriction.
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