Complete the sentences with one of the words given below.
| clay scarce transaction supply palaces |
1. To record a..., the parties might seek out the scribe at the gates to the city.
2. Scribe was considered a prestigious profession, consequently temples, … and private firms employed hundreds of them.
3. Parties described their agreement to the scribe, who took some specially prepared clayfrom his... to record the transaction.
4. To make a carbon copy of the original tablet scribes wrapped a … layer around it.
5. Clay was plentiful in Mesopotamia, while papyrus was … and expensive.
Annotate the text using the phrases from page 165.
8. In ancient times not only the records of transactions were primitive. Societies used primitive forms of money. Some English words connected to money and finance were originated from the word "Cattle". Historians call it the mankind's "first working capital asset". Ex: "Capital", "chattels" and cattle have a common root. " Pecuniary" comes from the Latin word for cattle "pecus" while in Welsh the word "da" used as a noun means both "cattle" and "goods".
What other items could act as a means of payment in ancient times? Be ready to tell about primitive forms of money. What were their disadvantages?
|
Articles
Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or Ø (zero article).
| 1. In ancient times scribe was considered … prestigious profession. |
| 2. Geographical position made … Iraq … especially rich area for … agriculture. |
| 3. … Mesopotamian Valley was situated between … Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. |
| 4... oldest known records of commerce were produced five thousand years before … appearance of double entry. |
| 5. … Mesopotamian scribes used clay instead of …paper and … ink. |
| 6…. Denise Schmandt-Besserat discovered artifacts called "tokens". |
| 7. … tokens may represent … inventory count, … envelopes … summary "document" and … form of … internal control. |
| 8. … names of... scribes that developed … first system of accounting are unknown. |
| 9. Before 3,000 B.C. … complex token-envelope system can be considered … form of bookkeeping. |
| 10. … token-envelope system served... information purposes of... rulers and their administrators. |
| 11. … coins were invented by …Lydians according to …Herodotus. |
| 12. … writings gained …simplicity and …standardization. |
| 13. … invention of writing was … gradual process. |
|
|
|
Determine if there are errors. Indicate what the errors are.
1. The Jericho is a city what is now the Israel (close to the modern city of Jericho), ten miles north of a Dead Sea.
2. It is most famous for its biblical conquest by a Joshua, perhaps around the time of a Trojan War.
3. From oldest levels plain clay artifacts were discovered, called "tokens" by the Denise Schmandt-Besserat.
4. Tokens have been widely found throughout Near East archeological sites representing a period of 5,000 years, to 3,000 B.C.E.
5. A earliest ones were plain, the later ones increasingly complex.
1. 3
1. Language check
Make compound nouns with a word from column 1 and a word from column 2. What do they mean? Use these nouns in the sentences of your own.
| time | printer |
| balance | |
| cash | limit |
| birth | place |
| voice | sheet |
| laser | book |
Дата добавления: 2016-01-04; просмотров: 49; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!