Прочтите текст, переведите его. Сделайте памятку на английском языке, как обезопасить себя от риска заражения инфекционными заболеваниями.
Follow these tips to decrease your risk of infecting yourself or others:
- Wash your hands. This is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet.
- Get vaccinated. Immunization can drastically reduce your chances of contracting many diseases. Make sure to keep your recommended vaccinations, as well as your children's, up to date.
- Stay home. Don't go to work if you're vomiting, have diarrhea or are running a fever. Don't send your child to school if he or she has these signs and symptoms, either.
- Prepare food safely. Keep counters and other kitchen surfaces clean when preparing meals. In addition, promptly refrigerate leftovers – don't let cooked foods remain at room temperature for extended periods of time.
- Practice safe sex. Use condoms if you or your partner has a history of sexually transmitted infections or high-risk behavior.
- Don't share personal items. Use your own toothbrush, comb and razor. Avoid sharing drinking glasses or dining tableware.
- Travel wisely. Don't fly when you're ill. With so many people confined to a small area, you may infect other passengers on the plane. And your trip won't be comfortable, either. If you're traveling out of the country, talk to your doctor about any special vaccinations you may need.
Расскажите по-английски об одном из инфекционных заболеваний:
DIPHTHERIA
1. contagious [kən'teidзəs] заразный
2. to effect [i´fekt] поражать
3. whitish [waiti∫] беловатый
4. patch [pæt∫] налет
5. to spread [spred] распространять, расстилаться
6. windpipe [widpaip] дыхательное горло
7. complication [kompli'kei∫n] осложнение
8. emergency [imə:dзənsi] неотложная помощь
9. convalescence [konvə'lesns] выздоровление
10. to proceed [prə'si:d] продолжать
Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease, which mainly effects the throat. The symptoms are sore throat, fever and headache. There is difficulty in swallowing. There is a whitish patch in the throat and if it spreads to the windpipe, there is difficulty in breathing. The child looks ill and toxic. The disease can lead to many complications of nerves, heart and kidneys, and sometimes an emergency operation (tracheostomy) may have to be done if the windpipe gets blocked with the membrane and the child has difficulty in breathing. The child will have to be hospitalized in an infectious disease hospital for 3—4 weeks, and then convalescence proceeds at home for a few weeks more. This disease can be prevented by immunizing the child.
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1. Скажите по-английски: беловатый налет, заразное заболевание, трудности при дыхании, выглядеть больным, дыхательное горло, заболевание можно предупредить.
2. Ответьте на вопросы:
- What are the symptoms of diphtheria?
- What complications can cause this disease?
- What preventive measures are there?
- How long should the child with the diphtheria be in hospital?
HEPATITIS
1. jaundice [dзo:ndis] желтуха
2. to cut down [kvt doun ]исключить
3. sewage [´sju:idз ] сточные воды
4. resistant [ri´zistənt] стойкий
This is quite a common disease and every now and then one hears of someone who has jaundice. The,disease is acquired by drinking, or eating anything contaminated by the hepatitis virus, which is passed in the infected person's stool. The presence of hepatitis is a pointer to the inadequqte arrangements of safe water supply and sewage disposal in a locality. The virus is very resistant and even boiling does not destroy it.
There is fever, loss of appetite, vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen. Loss of appetite and a feeling of being ill is out of proportion to the fever. Even the smell or sight of food may make the child sick. In 4—5 days the urine becomes dark in colour, and later the eyes and skin become yellow. Gradually 4he appetite returns and the fever comes down.
The child should remain in bed as long as he has fever and feels ill. Once his appetite returns he can play about in the house, but should not go to nursery school till jaundice has disappeared and he feels quite well.
In the acute stage the child should be encouraged to drink sweet drinks such as orange juice, or sweet lemon drinks or any sherbet. Sugarcane juice is excellent. Sugar is good for the recovery of the liver. As the appetite returns, ordinary household food can be given, but you should cut down on butter, oil and fried food. There is no need to give only boiled food, as was advised earlier.
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