HOMEWORK: to learn vocabulary ( выучить новую лексику )
The Environment.
Task 1. Read and translate the texts (прочтите и переведите текст устно ).
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; their environment is the countryside. But the air we breathe, the soil on which we stand and walk, the water we drink are all part of the environment. Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environmental problems that endanger people’s lives. The most serious environmental problems are:
· pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution);
· noise from cars, buses, planes, etc.;
· destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty;
· shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel);
· the growth of population.
WATER POLLUTION
The sea waters today are very dangerous. There is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution because the French Government tests nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. Britain alone dumps 250,000 tons of industrial waste straight into the North Sea. This poisons and kills fish and sea animals. "Nuclear-poisoned” fish can be eaten by people.
Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water, they can die too. It happens so because factories and plants produce a lot of waste and pour it into rivers. So they poison the water. Factories use clean water. After the water is used it becomes poison which goes back into rivers, lakes and seas.
AIR POLLUTION
When the Americans decided to clean up the Statue of Liberty in 1986, the first thing they had to do was to make a hole in her nose and take away the acid rain that had collected inside. The polluted air of New York had mixed with the rain and damaged the Statue badly. And you certainly know that most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer, ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.
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Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution. This happened in Windscale in Britain, in Three Mile Island in the USA and Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union. Nuclear pollution cannot be seen but its effects can be terrible. To make air clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories and plants and also in cars and buses.
Both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. If people want to survive, they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. That’s why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.
Task 2. Find in the text English equivalents of these words and words combinations (най дите в текс т е английские эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям):
1) решать проблемы окружающей среды
2) угрожать жизни людей, подвергать жизнь людей опасности
3) загрязнение водной среды
4) загрязнение воздуха
5) разрушение, уничтожение живой природы
6) нехватка природных ресурсов
7) использоваться в качестве мусорной свалки
8) проводить испытания ядерного оружия
9) промышленные и ядерные отходы
10) рыба, подвергшаяся радиационному заражению
11) покидать места своего обитания
12) сливать отходы в близлежащие реки
13) атомные электростанции
Task 3. Answer these questions on the text (ответить на вопросы письменно):
1. What does the word environment mean?
2. What are the most serious environmental problems? Which of them are described in the text?
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3. What makes the sea waters dangerous nowadays?
4. Why is it dangerous to dump industrial waste in the sea?
5. Why was the Statue of Liberty in New York damaged?
6. Where does air pollution in the cities mostly come from?
7. Why is it not safe to be in direct sunlight in certain places?
8. Why are nuclear power stations dangerous?
HOMEWORK: to learn vocabulary ( выучить новую лексику )
acid rain — кислотный дождь
air — воздух
atmosphere — атмосфера
be threatened with extinction — быть под угрозой вымирания
biosphere — биосфера
depletion — истощение
dump — свалка
dumping — захоронение
effluent — сточные воды
endangered species — исчезающий вид
environmental contamination — загрязнение окружающей среды
environmental protection — охрана окружающей среды
fossil fuel — ископаемое топливо
fume — дым, выхлоп
greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект
habitat — место, среда обитания
hazardous wastes — опасные отходы
maximum allowable emissions — предельно допустимые выбросы
natural calamity — стихийное бедствие
oil slick — нефтяная пленка (на воде)
ozone layer — озоновый слой
phenomenon — явление
plant — растение
poacher — браконьер
pollutant — загрязняющее вещество
radioactive wastes — радиоактивные отходы
soil — почва
solid waste management — утилизация твердых отходов
thermal pollution — тепловое загрязнение
wastes — отходы
water / air pollution — загрязнение воды, воздуха
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