LIVESTOCK AND HORSES IN KAZAKHSTAN
Kazakhs raise large numbers of sheep, horses, goats and cattle, but less than they dis in he past. Sheep yield wool and meat. Goats are raised for milk, meat, wool and pelts. Animals are typically slaughtered in the fall. The meat is preserved through curing and smoking. Horse meat sausage is particularly valued because it keeps a long time without spoiling.
Livestock numbers: Cattle: 6.1 million; chickens: 32.5 million; pigs: 1.3 million; sheep: 14.7 million; and goats: 2.7 million. [Source: World Almanac, 2013]
The high number of pigs is noteworthy because Kazakhstan is a predominately Muslim country. Bactrian camels are also raised. In some areas of Kazakhstan—including the Mangyshlak Penninsula— shubat (the sour milk of camels) is the preferred drink. Among Muslims, camels are sometimes considered sacred animals because of their association with Mohammed.
Cattle in Central Asia
Some herders keep cattle but not that many. Cattle are suitable for the steppe and desert environment. They are best suited for long, relatively rapid migrations but have a hard time foraging for food for themselves under the snow (herder need to provide them with hay) and need more water than other animals. In harsh winters they are often the first to die.
Cattle probable wouldn’t be raised at all if were not for the fact that their meat fetches a high price. Herders prefer the taste mutton to beef. Cattle have traditionally been raised to be traded or sold. They are raised for milk, meat and leather. Many nomads eat borts (dried and salted meat) in the winter.
Cattle are more likely to be found among semi-nomads and settled farmers than nomads. Settled farmers can prepare hay for the cattle. They do not embark on long migrations the tend The cattle-breeding has undergone two stages of its evolution before transfer to the nomadic type. Inhabitants of horse-breeding settlements lived in semi-dugouts with walls made of beaten clay; roofs were constructed from trees trunks and branches which filled up by a layer of the earth. Most likely, at this time the mechanism of interaction of northern agricultural cultures of Kazakhstan and settled agricultural cultures of Central Asia had a type of cultural interferences and contacts. Probably, as a result of such contacts which have especially amplified during a time of Namazga V-VI, horse breeding becomes popular in the south of Central Asia. In turn, the Kazakhstan tribes borrowed from Central Asia the technique of construction of dwellings walls from beaten clay. As it is established for today the cattle-breeding has undergone two stages of its evolution before transfer to the nomadic type. The first stage (XVII-XV centuries BC) — the period of Early Bronze — is characterized by such form of cattle breeding which is called a settled one, household or herdsman. The prevalence of horned cattle herd is its main feature. The level of society development was high, protocities of Arkaim type appear at this time. Powerful fortification, presence of the sites occupied by handicraftsmen, irrigational agriculture in the district of the protocities and developed art was characteristic for these. At the second stage (XIV-XI centuries BC) — the period of middle bronze — changes in herd structure are observed. The quantity of bones of a horse and a sheep — animals adapted for self-getting of forage and for long transitions increases — among the archeological material found during excavation of settlements increases. Even earlier human has trained a horse for riding. Thanks to fast moving ability, people have managed to include extensive spaces of steppes and semi-deserts into sphere of their activity and this has caused a growth of a livestock of cattle. The house cattle breeding has outgrown into mountain pasture in case with which the pastures are divided into winter and summer pastures. In general, during this period the economy of the tribes occupying Kazakhstan remains cattle-breeding and agricultural. Archeological materials provide data on a cultural generality of steppe tribes which have left some archeological monuments — settlements and burial grounds. Extensive spaces of Kazakhstan and Central Asia has Andronovo regional culture for which such general signs as cattle-breeding and agricultural economy are characteristic: development of mining, metallurgy and bronze metal working, similar shape of material culture, burial ceremony, close ideological representations.Kazakhstan’s shares in world meat production are 0.6 percent of beef, 0.9 percent of mutton, and 0.2 percent of pork. Thus, export activities from Kazakhstan do not have an influential impact on world prices. Currently, 45% of the total gross of Agricultural output produced in Kazakhstan is an animal husbandry. As a part of development of the Agro-Industrial complex for 2017-2021, about 30% or 35.9 billion tenge was allocated for subsidizing investment projects in the livestock sector.
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Based on analysis and comparison of the foreign markets and domestic production capacities potential, main long-term priority of the agro-industrial compleThe adopted model is based on traditions of nomadic transhumance and competitive advantages of Kazakhstan:
180 million hectares of pastures (of which 58 million hectares are used);
3.8 million people of able-bodied rural population (of which 1.3 million people are employed in agriculture);
proximity to major growth markets with total imports of more than 2 million tons per year;
developed crop production, which has unlimited potential for the development of forage base, including on irrigated lands (by 2021 irrigated lands will be increased to 2 million hectares, by 2030 - to 3 million hectares).
The new approach involves participation of a large number of small farms in a single technological conveyor of meat production. Family farmers will be engaged in raising livestock and getting gobies for fattening, industrial feedlots - intensive fattening, meat processing plants - industrial slaughter of livestock, deep processing and marketing of finished products.x development is a meat cattle breeding.
What are the applications of genetics in agriculture and what are some examples?
Genetic Engineering: Application # 1. Application in Agriculture: Consider an important application of recombinant DNA technology is to alter the genotype of crop plants to make them more productive, nutritious, rich in proteins, disease resistant, and less fertilizer consuming.Scientists have developed transgenic potato, tobacco, cotton, corn, strawberry, rape seeds that are resistant to insect pests and certain weedicides. Bacterium, Bacillus thurenginesis produces a protein which is toxic to insects. Using the techniques of genetic engineering, the gene coding for this toxic protein called Bt gene has been isolated from bacterium and engineered into tomato and tobacco plants. Such transgenic plants showed nee to tobacco horn worms and tomato fruit worms.here are not all the cattle breeds in the world, probably not all in the US but a good cross section of various breeds of cattle. Why have so many breeds? Don’t they all give milk? Couldn’t all of them be used for various cuts of beef? Aren’t the hides good for leather.
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These various breeds all serve various purposes. Some give the most tender, tastiest beef imaginable, when raised a certain way. Some have more fat in the muscles - the meat - and others have less. Most of those animals could be milked but aren’t unless they are cows feeding calves. Some give imaginable amounts of milk every day. Most of those give milk that has a reasonable amount of fat - cream - in them. But some have been bred to give milk with high amounts of fat in them. This allows you to buy those high fat “premium” ice creams at the grocery store at reasonable prices.
Then there are many cattle bred to withstand certain environmental conditions. Cattle that can survive extreme heat or cold, They can better survive dry or wet conditions. For people living in cities who get there food from grocers, this probably seems unimportant. But these adaptations allow many people to have food available when they otherwise wouldn’t.
No matter what agricultural product you are thinking of - mammals, fish, birds, vegetables, fruits, grain or oil crops - this is what genetics is really all about. It is about allowing farmers and ranchers to efficiently produce food for millions of people and to make a living while doing it. Genetics is critical to the future survival of human, allowing us to deal with climate change and continue to feed millions.
What is the role of agrochemicals in increasing food production?
An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in agriculture. In most cases, agrichemical refers to pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides. It may also include synthetic fertilizers, hormones and other chemical growth agents, and concentrated stores of raw animal manure.[1][2]Agrochemicals were introduced to protect crops from pests and enhance crop yields. The most common agrochemicals include pesticides and fertilizers.[3] Due to the adaptation of pests to these chemicals, more and new agrochemicals were being used, causing side effects in the environment. However, agrochemicals are not completely inefficient. According to the article, Agriculture, Pesticides, Food Security and Food Safety, written by Fernando P. Carvalho, chemical fertilizers in the 1960s were responsible for the beginning of the "Green Revolution", where using the same surface of land using intensive irrigation and mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium has greatly increased food production. Throughout the 1970s through 1980s, pesticide research continued into producing more selective agrochemicals.[4]
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Sumerians from 4500 years ago have said to use insecticides in the form of sulfur compounds. Additionally, the Chinese from about 3200 years ago used mercury and arsenic compounds to control body lice.[4]
Why did farming lead to larger populations?
Farming leads to larger populations for several reasons. First of all, farming provided a food source that was right at hand with no need to travel to hunt for food. This made people stay in one place instead of wandering, so people became less nomadic. Larger families are more manageable when people are living in one set area instead of traveling great distances to look for food.
Secondly, farming provided a more steady source of food. Except when there were droughts or other issues, the people could count on getting a particular amount of food for their farming efforts.
They often raised more food than they could eat themselves and began bartering and selling extra to others. This encouraged the growth of villages and towns.
Villages and towns provided more protection and allowed populations to grow larger. Besides, people who had farms needed lots of children so that they would have fFinally, farming led to less reliance on hunting, although hunting was and is still an important food source for many people. Agriculture is generally safer than hunting because the crops can't attack the farmer!arm workers. Large families became typical.
What is straw made of?
Straw is an agricultural byproduct consisting of the dry stalks of cereal plants after the grain and chaff have been removed. It makes up about half of the yield of cereal crops such as barley, oats, rice, rye and wheat.
What is commercial agriculture?
What is the difference between commercial farming and subsistence farming? Commercial farming this was painted in 1828 and it depicts a story that took place about
2,000 years ago and it is also commercial farming the word commercial is based on the word Commerce which means buying and selling. Commercial farming is food that you grew intending to sell now so what other kind of farming is there well if you grew up in
a city anywhere in the world you would think of it as you could call it personal farming but you might also call it gardening right if you garden vegetables and then your family eats them that's the opposite of commercial farming but of course it's done outside of cities in places that aren't usually the United States or Russia or China and it's called subsistence farming which you could call survival farming and that's where you're growing it because you and your family are gonna eat it
What are the characteristics of commercial arable farming? Commercial vs. Subsistence Farming
. 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL ARABLE FARMING IN JAMAICA
. 2. SIZE OF FARMS: Farms are large in size, sometimes over 30,000 hectares. LABOUR: Uses a large labour force, hired labour, labour mainly seasonal (mainly during planting and harvesting time). PURPOSE: Mainly plant crop for export
. 3. RELIEF OF LAND Land is flat, this allows for easy movement of machinery
. 4. LAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE/TOOLS USED Uses Chemicals such as fertilizer, herbicide, pesticides,fungicides. Uses machinery such as combine harverstors, crawlers, tractors, and ploughs to speed up planting and harvesting time.
. 5. METHOD OF FARMING Practices monoculture, the cultivation of one crop eg. Sugar cane, bananas.
size of the farm:The farms are usually large. Approximately 100 acres in size.
Crops grown:commercial arable farming is mostly monoculture meaning only one type of crop is grown. The crops grown varies by different countries and regions. Crops grown include: sugar cane, bananas and tobacco (Caribbean) barley, wheat, rice etc.
Method: machines such as tractors, ploughs, crawlers and combine harvesters are used to harvest the crops. Chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and fertilizers are also used.
Market;All of the produce from the farm is sold. It can be sold to supermarkets.
What is the difference between commercial farming and subsistence farming? Commercial farming this was painted in 1828 and it depicts a story that took place about
2,000 years ago and it is also commercial farming the word commercial is based on the word Commerce which means buying and selling. Commercial farming is food that you grew intending to sell now so what other kind of farming is there well if you grew up in
a city anywhere in the world you would think of it as you could call it personal farming but you might also call it gardening right if you garden vegetables and then your family eats them that's the opposite of commercial farming but of course it's done outside of cities in places that aren't usually the United States or Russia or China and it's called subsistence farming which you could call survival farming and that's where you're growing it because you and your family are gonna eat it
Why are preservatives added to food?
Preservatives are added to food so as to prevent or slow down the growth of micro-organism, such as moulds, yeasts and bacteria in food. Preservatives can inhibit, retard or arrest the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of food.
Antioxidants are added to food so as to protect food from turning rancid or changing colour. Antioxidants can delay, retard or prevent food from deterioration due to oxidation .
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