Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ
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1. Capital Punishment 5. Frightening Changes
2. Shoplifting 6. Long)Term Effect
3. Crime Prevention 4. Kidnapping 7. Virtual Crime 8. Guilty or Not Guilty?
A. The presumption of innocence is a legal right that the accused in criminal trials has in many modern countries. The burden of proof is thus on the prosecution. It has to collect and present enough compelling evidence to convince the jury of the fact that be) yond a reasonable doubt the accused has broken the law. In case of remaining doubts, the accused is to be acquitted.
B. Sarah and Lisa always enjoyed hanging out at the mall. But one Saturday, after shopping for jeans, Sarah pulled a new shirt out of her bag. Lisa didn’t remember seeing her buy it. ‘I didn’t,’ Sarah told her. ‘I lifted it.’ Lisa was upset and puzzled. Stealing didn’t seem like something Sarah would do. Sometimes people do not realize the conse) quences of this crime.
C. Even families living in so)called ‘safe’ neighbourhoods are concerned. They may feel safe today, but there is always a reminder that violence can intrude at any moment. Polly Klaas and her family no doubt felt safe in Petaluma, California. But on October 1, 1993, she was abducted from her suburban home during a sleepover. If she can be ab) ducted and murdered, so can nearly any other child.
D. The Internet is a great place to find information, make friends, keep in touch with others, and do business. There always are other sides as long as there is a criminal ele) ment. As our world becomes more computerized and ever more interconnected, different kinds of computer crimes will continue to grow. These include break)ins of computers to get trade secrets or illegal entry for the thrill and challenge.
E. Movie violence these days is louder and bloodier than ever before. When a bad guy was shot in a black)and)white Western, the most we saw was a puff of smoke and a few drops of fake blood. Now the sights, sounds, and special effects often jar us more than the real thing. Slow motion and pyrotechnics conspire to make movies and TV shows more gruesome than ever.
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F. University of Illinois psychologist Leonard Eron studied children at age eight and then again at eighteen. He found that television habits established at the age of eight in) fluenced aggressive behaviour through childhood and adolescent years. The more violent were the programs preferred by boys in the third grade, the more aggressive was their behaviour, both at that time and ten years later.
G. In the debate about execution and human dignity, supporters and opponents of the death penalty have found very little common ground. Since the 18th century, those who wish to abolish the death penalty have stressed the significance of requiring govern) ments to recognize the importance of each individual. However, supporters of this penal practice see nothing wrong with governments deliberately killing terrible people who commit terrible crimes.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу. | ||||||
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Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described A________________. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, B_____________.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows to surveillance)focused productions such as Big Brother. Critics say that the term ‘reality television’ is somewhat of a misnomer C___________________. The participants of these shows are often put in exotic locations or abnormal situations and are sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off)screen handlers, whereas the events on screen are manipulated through editing and other post)production techniques.
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Part of reality television’s appeal is D_______________. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, mainly in talent and per) formance programmes such as Pop Idol, E________________.
Some commentators have said that the name ‘reality television’ is an inaccurate de) scription for several styles of programme included in the genre. In competition)based programmes such as Big Brother and The Real World, producers design the format of the show and control the day)to)day activities and the environment, F_________________. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, chal) lenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts.
1. the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000
2. though frequently Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity
3. that is rather popular with teenagers
4. because such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality
5. as a form of artificial documentary
6. creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out
7. due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
It’s best to be here early, especially on Saturdays. The rising pitch of the kettle is whistle joined with the faint hiss from the little blue camping stove. Twenty years old, that stove, found the receipt in a drawer just the other day — a bargain at four pounds fifty — but it always pays to hang onto the receipts. It’s Saturday today. By eight)thirty the staff have all arrived, I can’t hear them directly, but the soft, distant voices of the lifts rising and falling give them away.
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Of course there is routine that measures time doesn’t it? Even the period before Christmas and during the sales that follow, routine is still there, although the time stretches and contracts as the public ebb and flow through the building like an unpredict) able tide — routine will still be there, disguised, beneath the surface, an undertow. As the management ritually pull out their hair, thicken their arteries, bark at their co) workers and re)prioritise their priorities — behind it all routine will be waiting. Every) one here is a slave to it ... even if they move on, get married, die ... there will always be others to master, to enslave. I too am a slave to routine ... but I don’t mind.
I look at the long white envelope with my name printed neatly in the centre, its edges slightly curled as though to fend off the surrounding army of clutter on the desk. An in) truder. A foreign object.
I go down the stairs and open the main doors. Can’t keep the public waiting. Today is much like any other day. In amongst the structure of routine women drift like ghosts amid the lingerie, touching here, feeling there while husbands linger on the periphery of their erratic orbits, faces masked with bored indifference; in the homeware section, tweed)skirted ladies lift the lids on teapots; sniff, like careful poodles at bowls of Pot Porri, turn everything upside down to check the price and replace it quickly at the ap) proach of an eager assistant. The sun streams through the plate glass windows in great broad beams, igniting every chrome fitting, while tired and wayward children are nar) rowly missed by my trolley’s wheels.
At 11 o’clock I go to the meeting with Mr. Radcliffe, the manager. He is a fat man, and the smallest motion on his part induces him to break into a sweat. He sits across the desk from me with the air of a man who has never dared to look a day in the eye. He speaks quickly and a little pompously, his eyes drifting toward the clock on the wall more often than my face. He says his words carefully, as though trying to pull each one down with the gravity of his tone. He endeavours to grant some words such as ‘free time’, ‘benefit pack) age’, ‘pension fund’, ‘hobbies’ and ‘exemplary service’ an even greater weight of impor) tance, but succeeds only in sweating some more as he glances to the clock.
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In the staff canteen at lunchtime I see Mr. Radcliffe again as he orders a main course and two sweets, but this is not an unusual occurrence as far as I am aware. I don’t often come here, preferring to eat in my room upstairs, where I can read uninterrupted. But to) day I choose the canteen, although even here I am isolated to an island table set for six — that’s fine. I am not so naive to be unaware that I have a certain reputation here — a kind of gruff aloofness. I don’t actually believe this is part of my nature ... or at least it never used to be. I like to be my own man, that’s all. I’ve little time for idle gossip. Years ago, when the new, young starters would arrive in June or July, I was more sociable. They would plague me for tips on the horses, or pop up to my ‘office’ for a skive or a cup of tea. But it all got a little out of hand. I no longer had any peace. So I became a little testy with them, and my annoyance soon became more organised. I became unpredictable and ag) gressive, this became a bit of a game, then a habit, and in the end ... finally ... me.
It’s dusk now and the store is quiet again. The kettle rocks gently on the metal frame of the stove. I glance around my room; the rows of books and piles of magazines, the ancient portable television, the radio. I have very few real possessions. What, really, does one man need? I’ve brought the things little by little from the flat. Now I think I have all that is re) quired. I suppose, on occasion, they have suspected I stay here through the night, but that doesn’t bother me. It was a relief to let the flat go completely, I never felt at home there.
I have taken the retirement letter from its envelope and dropped it onto the worn lino. Now it lies there like a broken kite. I will sit here; wait until the mice come out from their hidden places to nibble at its corners and eat its words.
(Adapted from ‘Harry’s World’ by Steve Atkinson)
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The narrator’s stove
1) was bought in the second)hand shop. 3) was rather expensive.
2) was bought twelve years ago. 4) cost less than its usual price.
Ответ: _______________.
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According to the narrator,
1) the working hours of the store are always the same.
2) there are things that people do regularly.
3) there is always a sale in the shop before Christmas.
4) he hates the routine.
Ответ: _______________.
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While shopping
1) husbands show real interest in what their wives are buying.
2) ladies examine carefully all the goods.
3) children are easy to control because they are tired.
4) shop assistants don’t want to help customers. Ответ: _______________.
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Mr Radcliffe
1) is a tall slim man. 3) wants to show his importance.
2) always wears a sweater. 4) speaks quietly.
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Ответ: _______________.
The narrator usually
1) chooses the staff canteen to have lunch. 3) doesn’t have lunch at all.
2) has lunch with the management. 4) prefers to read during his lunchtime. Ответ: _______________.
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The narrator has a reputation of
1) an unfriendly person not wishing to talk to people.
2) a friendly and sociable person.
3) a person who enjoys gossiping.
4) a person who tests people.
Ответ: _______________.
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The narrator lives in his office because
1) it is very comfortable. 3) he doesn’t like his flat.
2) he doesn’t bother to go home. 4) he has very few real possessions.
Ответ: _______________.
По окончании выполнения заданий 10—18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напеча+ танные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.
My Very First Time Online
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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.
Florida
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