Изучение нового грамматического материала : Условные предложения
Medicine in the Middle Ages 1100- 1400
During the Dark Ages (AD400-1100) there was little progress in medicine in Europe. As Europe moved into the middle ages, however, this began to change.
Doctors in the Middle Ages
In 900 AD the first European medical school in Europe was established at Salermo. Others followed. The works of Galen and other ancient writers were rediscovered and taught. By the late middle ages physicians could only practise medicine if they had trained at one of the medical schools. The church oversaw medical training. The ideas of Galen were encouraged because they fitted in with religious ideas.
Knowledge of anatomy was gained by studying books and through dissection of dead bodies. Physicians were bound by the Hippocratic oath.
Women were not allowed to go to university or to become physicians. However, they continued to give daily care of the sick and continued to act as midwives.
Causes of illness
Many physicians believed that illness was due to common sense reasons (bad smells etc.), imbalance of the four humours, position of the sun and planets, punishment from God, or poisonous fumes.
Treatments
Physicians would often study a patient’s urine and/or use astrology before deciding on a suitable treatment. Due to belief in maintaining the balance of the four humours, bleeding was a very common treatment.
Surgery was not taught at universities, surgeons learnt surgery by watching an established surgeon. Physicians often worked as army doctors, treating those injured during the many wars of this period.
Herbal concoctions such as hemlock, mandrake, wine or opium were used for pain relief. Herbal remedies were widely used for many everyday illnesses. Preparation of herbs improved due to the improvement in equipment made by scholars interested in alchemy (trying to turn cheap metals into gold).
Hospitals
The Catholic church taught that it was a religious duty to care for the sick, but it wasn’t until the 12th century that the church provided medical schools. Only 10% of all the hospitals of those times actually provided medical care. They were called hospitals because they provided hospitality (housing, food and clothing) for the needy. Monks and nuns cared for people in hospitals. Physicians were rarely seen in hospitals, they treated kings, nobles and wealthy merchants, not ordinary people.
Сопоставьте рисунки со словами .
a) poisonous
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b) dissection
c) herbal remedy
d) surgery
e) midwife
f) bleeding
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3) 
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5) 
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2. Дополните предложения словами из рамки.
| Middle Ages, medical schools, ancient, to oversee, common treatment, medical care, to gain, pain relief, balance of humours |
1) Women in ________ Egypt used cosmetic more than 4000 years ago.
2) There are many __________ ___________ in our country.
3) During the __________ __________ people believed in the importance of ___________ ___ __________ in the body.
4) The most _____________ _______________ of the cold is drinking hot drinks, staying in bed and taking some medicine.
5) Nurses provide ____________ ________ in hospitals.
6) He felt a great _______ _________ when a nurse made him an injection of a painkiller.
7) Students had to _______ the work of a surgeon to ______ knowledge in human anatomy.
Изучение нового грамматического материала : Условные предложения
С опоставьте проблему с советом.
| 1. I want to lose weight. 2. I want to go to university. 3. I can’t sleep at night. 4. I have got a really bad cold. 5. I’d like to go on holiday this summer. 6. Someone has stolen my purse. | a) If I were you, I’d see a doctor. b) If I were you, I’d call the police. c) If I were you, I’d go on a diet. d) If I were you, I’d study harder. e) If I were you, I’d drink less coffee. f) If I were you, I’d start saving some money. |
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную временную форму
1. If people (use) bicycles to get round, they would be fitter.
2. If you (take) more exercise, you’ll be stronger.
3. If you (wear) suncream, you won’t burn.
4. If you go to Cairo, you (see) the Pyramids.
5. If people (eat) more fruit, they would be healthier.
4. Итоговый контроль: Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму условного наклонения.
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1. If he had worked more slowly last lesson, he (not make) so many mistakes.
2. I could tell you what this means if I (to know) Greek.
3. He might not get fat if he (to stop) overeating.
4. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not to come).
6. What you (to do) if she doesn’t come in time?
7. If I were you I (to go) there.
8. They (to go) for a swim in the lake if it is warmer.
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