Exercise 35. Fill in the prepositions.
1. His reaction ___ my remark ___ his putting a lot of weight was so painful. I think he should go ___ a diet.
2. Will you pay ___cheque or ___cash? — I'll give you a cheque ___50 pounds.
3. Look! The house is ___fire. We should call the fire brigade.
4. The factory is closed today. The workers are ___ strike because their demand ___increase ___ pay has not been met.
5. The great advantage ___being ___a cruise is that you usually have good contacts ____ many people.
6. His attitude ___her has changed greatly. I think he has fallen ___ love ___her.
7. ___my opinion, he has written the test ___ chance. Instead ___ preparing ___ it he went ___a tour.
8. She lives ___a new district and she is not ___ the phone.
9. What is the reason ___ your doubt?
10. The cause ___her committing a suicide is not known.
11. He was greatly impressed ___the exhibition which was famous ___its beautiful sculptures.
12. His behaviour is similar ___hers. They are not interested ___anything.
13. I'm short ___time, I'm afraid.
14. I hate going___ the centre. It’s always crowded ___people.
15. The president is responsible ___the policy of the government.
16. They are fond ___classical music but they are also interested ___pop music.
17. He was incapable ___ passing the exam but don't feel sorry ___him. If he had been keen ___passing it, he would have studied much.
18. I'm sick and tired ___this loud music. Will you turn it ___, please?
19. His dictation is full ___mistakes. He is not keen ___learning German.
20. They are sorry ___their behaviour. They drank too much yesterday.
Exercise 36. Translate the following sentences into English using prepositions and adverbial particles.
Я только что получил приглашение на их свадьбу (wedding).
1. Причина несчастного случая выясняется (investigate).
2. Это не решение проблемы.
3. Я не могу придумать ответ на его письмо.
4. На эти товары небольшой спрос.
5. Существует много недостатков и преимуществ, если у тебя есть машина.
6. Недостатком его пребывания в США было то, что он не знал английского языка.
7. Несмотря на наши разногласия (difficulties), его отношение ко мне не изменилось.
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8. Я не вижу связи между этими двумя событиями (event).
9. Все рассмеялись, услышав причину его опоздания.
10. За последние несколько лет произошел резкий рост цен.
11. Ущерб, нанесенный городу наводнением (flood), был значительным.
12. Снижение уровня жизни (living standards) является характерной чертой (feature) любого кризиса.
13. Этот бизнесмен дал чек на благотворительные цели (charity).
14. Две компании совершенно независимы, между ними нет никакой связи.
ARTICLES
The article is a part of speech used with the noun. There are two types of the articles in the English Language: the Indefinite and the Definite articles. The absence of the article is also grammatically important.
The Definite Article - the,
The Indefinite Articles - a / an (an - before a vowel, e.g. an old man, an apple),
The Absence of the Article - Zero Article.
| The Indefinite Article (a / an) - is originated from “ one”; - may have the meaning of ‘один’, ‘любой’, ‘какой-то’; - is used with countable nouns in the Singular form; - is used: · to name an object, thing, person or a notion (a nominating function): e.g. It is a flower. · to describe an object, thing, person or a notion (with a descriptive attribute) e.g. He is a clever boy. | The Definite Article (the) - is originated from “this": - has the meaning of ‘этот (самый)’, ‘тот (самый)’; - it used with uncountable and countable nouns (both in the Singular and Plural forms); - is used: · to point out the object, thing, person or the notion (when it is used for the second time or it is known what is meant – the individualizing function): e.g. ( For lunch I had a sandwich.) The sandwich wasn't very nice. e.g. Who is the boy next to Jane? (with a limiting attribute) |
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THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE (A / AN)
The Indefinite Article is used with countable nouns in the Singular form to name an object, thing, person or a notion or to describe it.
The Indefinite Article is used:
1. with a predicative noun. Usually such nouns denote a profession or characteristic.
e.g. He is a doctor.
Miss Sharp’s father was an artist.
Your brother is a nice man.
2. with a noun-object after the verb “have”.
e.g. Alice has a cat.
They have a nice cottage in the country
With a noun after “have”, denoting an action.
e.g. "Where is Tom?” – “He is having a bath now.”
I usually have a good rest after dinner.
(Exception: “ to have breakfast”, “to have lunch”, “to have dinner”, ”to have supper”, “to have tea”. Zero Article is used in these set-phrases)
3. with a noun in apposition (приложение).
e.g. My friend, a history teacher, knows a lot about it.
4. after the attributes “such”, “rather”, “quite”.
e.g. He is such a clever man.
She is quite a young girl.
It was rather a difficult job.
5. in some grammar structures: It is a... This is a... There is a... What a...!
e.g. It is a book.
This is a picture.
There is a copy book on the table.
What a smart girl she is!
NB 1! We use Zero Article with countable nouns in the Plural form.
e.g. These are nice girls.
His dog has puppies.
They are doctors.
Jane’s parents are such reasonable people.
What clean clothes!
NB 2! We also use Zero Article with uncountable nouns (abstract nouns and nouns of material).
e.g. She has long fair hair.
There is black coffee in his cup.
What nice weather we are having today!
This is marble.
Such nouns as “pleasure”, “pity”, “disappointment”, “comfort”, “relief”, “shame”, “disgrace” take the indefinite article in the constructions: It is/was a... What a...!
e.g. It is a pleasure to see you.
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It was a relief to know that she was safely at home.
What a disappointment!
What a pity!
But: I’ll do it with pleasure.
She felt pity for the poor child.
She gave a sigh of relief.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Use an indefinite article with the predicatives where possible:
A.
1. This is yellow pencil.
2. The text is easy.
3. This is easy text.
4. These are low tables.
5. This table is low.
6. This is low table.
7. Roses are beautiful flowers.
8. This town is big.
9. Moscow and Minsk are big cities.
10. Kiev is big city, too.
11. It is rose. The rose is beautiful flower.
12. This is grass. The grass is green.
13. Pizza is very tasty food.
14. “A fateful choice” by Rachel Lee is interesting novel.
15. Mr. Clark’s favourite drink is beer.
16. Michael and Jane are twins.
17. Benny is naughty.
18. Benny is naughty and noisy kid.
19. Is it red apple?
20. The apple is red.
В.
1. John's father is... dentist.
2. Mr. Kelly’s children are... pupils.
3. Max Stephenson is... good counsel, they say.
4. Roger and Steve are... easy-going chaps. Jack is... nice guy, too.
5. “Are уоu ... journalist?”
6. “Young Smith is... poet, isn’t he?” – “Yes, and... promising one.”
7. Are the Browns... friendly family?
8. Are cucumbers... vegetables?
9. “Peter, I am ...attractive woman, aren’t I?” – “Sure, Nora.”
10. Ice is... frozen water.
11. Flies are... insects.
12. The eagle is... bird.
13. The deer is... animal.
14. The horse is... domestic animal.
15. The wolf is... wild animal.
16. The lion is... dangerous animal.
17. Bananas, oranges, apples are... fruit.
18. Cooking salt is... mineral.
19. Venus is... planet.
20. “Is a “screw driver” ... instrument?” – “Well, it is... cocktail, as well.”
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