Departure of Krisna to his abode
Siita said, “Then lord Krisna, having received a boon from Mahesvara, produced a son named Samba from JambavatT. Pradyumna, on the other hand also got a valorous son named Aniruddha.1 Both the virtuous sons were as if the other two bodies of Krisna himself.
After killing Karhsa, Naraka and hundreds of other asuras, Indra was conquered playfully and then defeating the great demon Bana, establishing the eternal dharma in the entire world, Narayana, then thought of returning to his own abode.
In the meantime, Bhrgu and other Brahmanas came to Dvaraka in order to see the eternal lord Krisna who had accomplished his mission.
1. He was the husband of Usa. This story is described at length in Harivamsa.
After bowing to and worshipping them and when they had been comfortably seated alongwith the intelligent Rama, Krisna, the Atman of the universe said, “O Best of the sages, all the tasks have been established by me. I shall now return to the abode of Visnu. Let all of you be pleased to permit me.
The terrific age of Kali has arrived, when all the people would get inclined towards the committing of the sins. Therefore, О Best of the Brahmanas, you should propagate the auspicious knowledge to the ignorant people for their welfare, to get them relieved from the sins of the Kali age.
The people who in the age of Kali shall remember me, even once, all their sins will be washed out. The people who, in the age of Kali, shall adore me everyday with devotion, they will surely achieve my place in accordance with the injunction prescribed in the Vedas.
The thousands of the Brahmanas who would be bom in your dynasties, they shall be devoted to Narayana, in the age of Kali. Those who are devoted to Narayana, achieve the highest position with Narayana, because of their devotion. But such of the people who remain envious of Mahesvara, they would not be able to achieve that supreme position. Such of the people who denounce Mahesvara, all their meditation Yogic practice, penance, knowledge and the yajnas, become infructuous.
Those who adore me everyday with single- minded devotion, but denounces lord Shiva, they fall into ten thousand hells for ten thousand years. Therefore, О Brahmanas, one should not denounce by action, thought or behaviour, Pasupati Shiva, as well as my devotees, making all the efforts.
О Best of the Brahmanas, the devotees should avail such denouncement in the age of Kali, as was done by Dadhlca in the yajna of Daksha. Such of the Brahmanas who have been bom in your races but are envious of Shiva, and have been bom on earth as a curse of the sage Gautama, are not worthy of being conversed with by the excellent Brahmanas.”
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At these words of lord Krisna, all the best of the Rishis declared, “This is correct.” Thus speaking, all of them left for their abodes. Thereafter, lord Krisna, the pervader of the world, sportingly dissolved his entire race, and attained that Supreme region.
Thus, I have described the races of the kings in brief, because the exhaustive description of the same can not be done. Now what else do you want to listen from me? A person, who reads or listens to the stories of these auspicious races, he is relieved of all the sins and becomes adorable even in the heaven.
Chapter 28
Partha's Encounter with Vyasa
The Rishis said, “O Suta, there are four Yugas (sons) named, Krta, Treta, Dvapara and Kaliyuga. You kindly speak out the influence of each one of them.”
Suta said, “After the departure of Narayana to his abode, Partha, the son of Pandu, the highly virtuous soul, and the destroyer of his enemies, after performing the subsequent obsequies rites, was overwhelmed with great grief. He on his way found Krisna Dvaipayana surrounded by his disciples. Arjuna, then shedding away the grief, prostrated before the sage like a staff on the ground, offering his salutation to him.
Arjuna lovingly said to the sage Vyasa, “O Great sage, where from are you coming? Where are you going in such a haste? With an auspicious audience with you my entire grief has vanished. О Vayasadeva, with lotus like eyes, you tell me in case I could be of any use to you?” Then the sage Krisna Dvaipayana Vyasa, who was surrounded by the pupils, sat over the river bank and said.
Chapter 29
Description of Yugadharma
Vyasa said, “О Son of Pandu, the terrific Kaliyuga has arrived and because of this, I am proceeding to Varanasi, the abode of Shiva. О mighty-armed one, in this horrible Kaliyuga, the people shall be devoid of the Varmsrama dharma (religious discipline of the four castes and stages of life), and shall indulge themselves into the grave sins. I do not find any other place, except Varanasi, where one could relieve himself of all the sins. There is no other place of repentances available on earth.
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During Krtayuga, Treta and Dvdpara the people will be usually noble-souled, religious- minded as well as truthful in speech. You are well known the world over, as the beloved of the people besides being patient. Therefore, you should follow your own dharma and by so doing you shall be free from the fear.
О Best of the Brahmanas, at these words of the sage Vyasa, Arjuna, the conqueror of cities of enemies, offering salutation to him, asked him about the respective duties in the different Yugas. Then Vyasa, the son of Satyavatl, offering his salutation to lord Shiva, explained to Arjuna, the eternal Yugadharmas.
Vyasa said, О King, О Partha, I shall explain the Yugadharmas to you in brief, because I cannot narrate the same exhaustively. О Partha, the learned people call Krtayuga as the first one. The second one is Tretayuga, the third one is Dvapara, while the fourth one is Kaliyuga. The means of salvation in Krtayuga is meditation, jnana or knowledge in Tretayuga, performance of sacrifices in Dvapara, while charities are prescribed only in Kaliyuga, which are the best means of salvation.
Brahma happens to be the god in Krtayuga. Similarly, Surya happens to be the god in Treta, Visnu is the god in Dvapara, while Mahesvara Rudra is the god in the age of Kali. Brahma, Visnu and Surya are adored in Kaliyuga too.
But Rudra, the holder of the Pinaka bow, is adored in all the four Yugas. The Dharma had full four feet in Krtayuga. It has three feet in Tretayuga, two feet in Dvapara. But in Kaliyuga, Dharma is deprived of the three feet and it merely exists.
During the Krtayuga, the creation was as a result of the conjugal pleasure between the man and woman. The earnings of the people were devoid of greed. The subjects were always contented and all the people enjoyed all the pleasures. There was no inferiority and superiority among them. During Krtayuga, the age, pleasure and beauty were equal. The entire people were devoid of grief and well-versed in the tattvas. They liked seclusion, engaged themselves in meditation, performed tapas, and were engaged in the worship of Mahadeva. The people performed the selfless deeds. They had the delightful hearts. О scorcher of enemies, the people stayed on mountains and in the ocean. They had no fixed abode.
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О Brahmanas, thereafter in due course of time, in Tretayuga the cheerfulness had disappeared. When that Siddhi perished, another type of Siddhi appeared. With the disappearing of the pleasure of the waters, the rain fall on the earth from thundering clouds and the lightening were apparent. Such a rain fell, early once only, the trees were grown for the benefit of the people. The things of daily use were procured from the trees.
Thus by the beginning of Tretayuga, the subjects maintained themselves through them. After the lapse of a long time, the people, due to their aberration, developed attitude of passion as well as the greed, as a result of which and due to the influence of Kala (time), all the trees that had been their habitation were destroyed.
At the destruction of the trees, the subjects bom of legal copulation became confused and perplexed. Then getting reminded of Satyayuga, all the people remembered the earlier Siddhis of Satyayuga. By so doing, the trees which had disappeared were grown again.
Those trees then started producing the garments, ornaments and the fruits. For the people, each leaf of those trees contained fragrance, colour, juice, and the powerful honey which emerged without the use of honey-bees. In this way, the people lived on the products of the trees till Tretayuga. Because of the same Siddhi, all the people became healthy, and free from ailments. In due course of time, all of them were again overpowered with greed and they started collecting the eatables and the life-saving honey forcibly from the trees, which emerged without the bees.
With the display of their greedy conduct again, several of the kalpa-vrksas (wish-yielding trees) were destroyed with the honey. Then they started suffering from cold, rain and heat. Then they suffering from heat and cold, created covers and clothes for themselves. After devising means that counteracted the contradictory climatic changes, they began to think of agriculture and trade. Thereafter in the Tretayuga, as a means for their living, another Siddhi facilitating agriculture or trade cropped up and there had been the rainfall, which suited their desires.
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The constant rains resulted into the formation of several lakes as well as the rivers. With the availability of enough of water on earth, and with the combination of the water and the earth, several types of medicinal herbs were grown. Fourteen types of cereals started growing without sowing, ploughing or irrigation besides the fruits, reeds, forest trees, creepers etc. Thereafter all the people were infested with various types of attachments and greeds.
All this was inevitable due to the influence of Tretayuga. Thereafter all the people, on the basis of their strength, forcibly occupied the river regions, mountains, creepers, bushes, trees and medicinal herbs. Because of this adverse conduct, all the medicinal herbs started merging with the earth.
Then at the command of the grandsire Brahma, Prthuthe great king, milked these out of the earth. Thereafter all the people getting enraged, started grabbing the belongings of others forcibly. Because of the influence of the time, they were perforce deprived of the good conduct. Being aware of all this, Brahma, in order to safeguard the limitations, created the Ksatriyas for the establishment of disciplined behaviour and for the welfare of the Brahmanas.
The lord established the Varnasrama during Tretayuga and changed the performance of the yajiuis without animal sacrifice. During the time of Dvapara as well, because of the difference in wisdom, there started the struggle because of attachment, jealousies, and greed. Considering the passion, covetousness, mutual fight and wrong conclusions in the mind among the people one Veda of four feet appeared as three different Vedas.
The Vedas differ due to the difference in the visions among the sons of sages or altered visions. The Saihhitas of Rk, Yajus and Santa are being recited by the great sages by introducing Mantras and Brahmanas with due changes in accents and syllables. At places there had been difference of opinion and as such those Rishis composed, Brahmanas, Kalpasutras, Vedanta, Itihasa, Puranas, besides the Dharmasastras. Then the problems of the lack of rain fall, death and several other disturbances cropped up.
Because of the ailments relating to the mind, speech and the body, there developed inactiveness, with the development of inactiveness, a person develops a desire to get rid of the ailment. This results into the development of detachment. Because of this, one visualises his own shortcoming. It is due to realization of defects that knowledge becomes possible in Dvapara.
О Brahmanas, this tendency in Dvapara emerged out of the mixture of rajoguna and tamoguna. During the Satyayuga, dharma had been established, which continued in the Tretayuga. During Dvapara, the dharma becomes agitated, while during the Kaliyuga, it totally disappeared.
Chapter 30
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