Задание 3. Найдите эквиваленты следующих выражений на английском языке в тексте. Выпишите их.
1) Юридическое право, дающее право собственности;
2) реестр территориальных единиц, облагаемых налогом;
3) измеряли землю и устанавливали границы;
4) проводился фактический сбор данных;
5) земля – основа всех богатств.
Задание 4. a ) Выпишите из текста все предложения, где прилагательное стоит в сравнительной или превосходной степени. Подчеркните эти прилагательные.
B ) Выпишите из текста все предложения, в которых глагол находится в страдательном залоге. Подчеркните этот глагол.
Задание 5. В каждой строке есть одно лишнее слово. Подчеркните его и объясните свой выбор (письменно).
1) Concept, bring, property;
2) has, revenues, taxes;
3) according, adjudicating, mapping;
4) Euphrates, Nile, Physiocrats;
5) narrowly, precursory, probably.
Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский язык (письменно).
1) Земля – это бесценное богатство, которое мы должны сохранить.
2) Кадастр означает список или реестр чего-либо, основывается на топографической съемке границ участков недвижимой собственности.
3) Кадастр связан с понятиями учёта, оценки состояния и использованием естественных ресурсов.
4) В Древнем Египте тщательно велись оценочные списки земель, подлежащих налогообложению.
5) В 1801 году Наполеон составил комиссию для изучения справедливого распределения налога на недвижимое имущество.
Задание 7. Составьте письменно на английском языке 5 предложений:
Повествовательное,
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Отрицательное;
Вопросительное.
В каждое предложение обязательно включите слова или словосочетания, соответствующие номеру этого предложения:
1) functional solution, involve;
2) geologic consultants, program;
3) land, the European;
4) taxation, urban cadaster;
5) boundary disputes, regulate.
Задание 8. Перепишите текст, раскрыв скобки и поставив глагол в нужную форму. Подчеркните образовавшуюся форму глагола .
Concept of Urban Environment Monitoring
The urban monitoring model (to involve) the use of an effective, efficient, transparent, accountable and businesslike approach to urban development policies. It (to deal) with the development and day-to-day running of cities and (to include) topics such as planning, education, health, water supply and waste collection. Millions of words (to write) on the topic and, until recently, they (to focus) overwhelmingly on public health concerns, the social conditions of the poor, and proposals (to ameliorate) these through planning and redevelopment. Over the last thirty years these traditional issues (to supplement) by a veritable explosion of new studies (to explore) broader environmental perspectives, (to include) urban nature, the impacts of cities and towns on the wider environment and the sustainability of modern urban life.
While much of this work (to raise) concern about the ‘environmental footprint’ of towns and cities, other studies (to point out) that high human population densities (can)(to provide) citizens with access to a wide range of services with low personal transport requirements. Urban areas also (to have) the potential (to release) land for nature and there (to be) widespread appreciation of the social, economic and cultural benefits that life there (can) (to offer). The urban environment thus (to become) a compelling subject for researchers as well as a significant political issue. Urban areas (to recast) as key arenas in which the concept of sustainable development (should) (to be) (to interpret) and (to apply).
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(To look) more widely, cities only (to encompass) 2% of the world’s land surface, yet they (to be) responsible for (to consume) over 75% of the planet’s resources and (to produce) 75% of the world’s waste. Many of the cities of tomorrow (to be) more likely (to be) mega or super cities, with single mega-cities (to sprawl) urban regions (to represent) “the largest, most complex manmade structures ever (to create)”. For all of these reasons, we (to view) the urban environment as a pressing issue (to require) prompt attention.
Вариант II
Задание 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Используйте словарь, приведенный после текста.
Text « Urban Cadastre»
The urban cadastre is an inventory of the real properties with juridical purposes, fiscal and of planning, which should be used as support to decisions making that redound to advantages for the community of the municipality. The real estate information contemplates four fundamental aspects: physics, related with the position, dimension, form and general characteristics of the real estates; juridical, referred to the legal situation of property; fiscal, concerning to the taxing in function of the real state value; and social-economical, associated to the occupants of the real estates. The cadastre should support the tasks of planning and decisions making in the public and private sector, besides serving like mean to capture economical resources for the benefit of the community.
The cadastral information includes spatial data like the location, area, perimeter, vicinity, form, orientation, etc. of the lots of land. The basic concept in the urban cadastre is the real estate, which could give up of diverse forms: a lot of land simply, or a lot with one or several edifications, or also an apartment type condominium (it share the same land with others). In the case of the apartments, the planimetric location of each one of the real estates within the lot is the same for all those located in a same edification.
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The requirements of the urban cadastre:
1. Hierarchical coding: Support the identification of the real estates following a hierarchical, such as the code includes information on the edification, the lot of land, the block and the sector where it is located.
2. Information of the real estates: Permit the storage and processing of information related to the spatial characteristics of the lots and edifications like dimension, form, area, and no-spatial like the attributes of the owner and the occupants, use, value, public services, construction characteristic of the real estates, among others.
3. Information of the sectors of the city: Including information on the public services, nets of streets, unit values of the land. The public services and the unit values of the land meet to street level, of such form that they associate to the real estates located in a determined street, allowing to know the services that they have and their unit values.
4. Tradition of the real estates: The historic information such as use, value, social-economical data of the people occupants, area, limits, co-ordinates of vertexes, etc., is important for legal and of planning ends.
5. Permissions of construction: Support the relative to the permissions of construction, modification or demolish of real estates in order to control this activity and make to complete the established urban norms. This will allow detecting the change on the characteristics of edification, which will serve for the updating of the real estate value.
6. Data input flexibility. The data could be obtained from several sources like air photographs, air-photogrammetric and topographical surveying, existent plans and census.
7. Robustness. 8. Extensibility. 9. Security and privacy.
Словарь
A ir photograph – аэрофотоснимок
census – перепись (населения); комплексный учёт данных народонаселения
characteristics – особенности; характерные признаки
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condominium – кондоминиум; дом-совладение; кооперативный жилой дом, в котором квартиры принадлежат владельцам как частная собственность
construction – строительство; сооружение; здание
decisions making – принятие решений
demolish – разрушать; уничтожать; сносить (здание)
etc. (сокращение от «et cetera») – и так далее
flexibility – вариативность
in order to – для того, чтобы
i n the case of – в случае с; в отношении чего-либо; что касается
occupants – жильцы; пользователи (помещений, зданий)
public services – бытовое обслуживание; коммунальные услуги; услуги общего пользования
real estate value – стоимость недвижимости; оценка недвижимого имущества
r eal properties – недвижимость; недвижимое имущество; объект недвижимости
requirements – запросы; требования
spatial data – пространственные характеристики/данные; геокосмические данные
street level – уровень улицы (величина подъема городского ландшафта относительно природного)
topographical surveying – топогеодезия; топографическая съёмка
updating – актуализация; дальнейшая доработка; корректировка; уточнение
Упражнения
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