Исправьте ложные утверждения, используя информацию из текста (письменно).
1. CHDs develop as a complication after an illness.
2. Ultrasound examination helps doctors to detect all CHDs.
3. Oxygen testing can replace other tests.
4. Oxygen testing takes much time and is expensive.
5. Thanks to advances in medical science, all CHDs are operable.
6. The problem is that all the babies born with a CHD do not show any symptoms of it.
Что обозначают данные цифры, используемые в тексте?
1) 145; 2) 20,055; 3) 6; 4) 5; 5) 75; 6) 92.
Ответьте на вопросы (письменно).
1) What traditional methods of detecting CHDs does the article mention?
2) What clinical manifestations of a CHD does the article mention?
3)What factor helps to save more babies with CHDs?
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Прочитайте тексты о детских инфекциях.
Выпишите симптомы, общие для всех инфекций (письменно).
Для каждого заболевания выпишите специфическую особенность или симптом, присущий только этой инфекции (письменно).
Перескажите один из текстов на выбор.
I. CHICKENPOX
After ten to twenty-one days after the child is exposed to the virus that causes chickenpox, itchy, blisterlike rash appears and covers most of the body, scalp, face, arms and legs. The fever may be mild to rather high. Normally the blisters crust over and heal on their own, but if the child scratches them, infection may develop. The treatment includes ibuprofen or paracetamol in case of fever. To prevent additional bacterial infection of the skin it is important to trim your child’s fingernails and bathe daily with water and soap. The child is contagious one or two days before the rash starts and twenty-four hours after the last new blister appears. At this time, you should keep her or him away from those who have never had the disease.
II. HERPES SIMPLEX
When the child gets oral herpes for the first time, he or she complains of fever and pain in the throat. In a day or two blisters appear inside the mouth. The child loses appetite, swallowing becomes painful and the lymph glands enlarge. When the blisters break, they leave sore areas that need several days to heal. The treatment includes much rest, plenty of cold non-acidic fluids, paracetamol or ibuprofen in case of high temperature, mouth rinse and gargles with antiviral agents and mild painkillers. Never use aspirin to treat fever in children, because it is associated with such side effects as intestinal bleeding, brain and liver damage. Never use any ointments with steroids for herpetic sores, because these medications can cause the spread of the viral infection.
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III. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Infectious mononucleosis or "mono," is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It is spread through the contact with saliva. Typical symptoms include fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes (in the neck, underarms, or groin), and constant fatigue or weakness. Sore muscles, enlarged liver and spleen, skin rash, and loss of appetite also may occur. Mono symptoms usually go away on their own within 2-4 weeks. The best treatment is plenty of fluid and much rest. Paracetamol or ibuprofen can help to relieve the fever and aching muscles.
Most cases of mono aren't serious, but sometimes serious complications (like a ruptured spleen) can happen. Children with swollen spleen must avoid doing sports until the doctor’s recommendations.
IV. ROSEOLA INFANTUM
Roseola usually affects children between 6 months to 2 years old. The disease starts with high temperature and headache, the child may also complain of a runny nose or sore throat and slight cough. You may notice swollen lymph nodes. The temperature lasts up to three days and right after it returns to normal, spotty, pink rash appears on the trunk. The rash usually disappears in twenty-four hours. The treatment includes paracetamol or ibuprofen to control fever, nutritious diet and plenty of fluids. The key to the diagnosis is that the rash appears after the fever is gone. The child is contagious during the fever phase.
V. SCARLET FEVER
The symptoms of scarlet fever begin with a sore throat, high temperature (38.2-40 degrees Celsius), loss of appetite and headache. In twenty-four hours, red itchy rash appears on the trunk, arms and legs. The tongue may be white-coated first, and then it becomes redder than usual. The treatment usually consists of an antibiotic (it is necessary to complete the course, because if you stop earlier the bacteria can become resistant to it) and a nutritious diet with plenty of fluids. There is no need to use any ointments for the rash, it disappears in three to five days on its own. Kids with scarlet fever are contagious until they have taken antibiotics for 24 hours and should stay at home during this time.
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VI. WHOOPING COUGH (PERTUSSIS)
Whooping cough is another name for pertussis, an infection of the airways caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Kids with pertussis have attacks of cough without breathing in between. At the end of the coughing, they take a deep breath in that makes a "whooping" sound. Other symptoms of pertussis are a runny nose, sneezing, and a low-grade fever. Pertussis is very contagious. It can spread from person to person through tiny drops of fluid in the air coming from the nose or mouth when people sneeze, cough, or laugh. Children should get the pertussis shot at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15 months, and 4-6 years of age. This shot is given as part of the DTaP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis).
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