Migration usually happens as a result of a combination of these push and pull factors.
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Patterns of migration
People migrate all the time...
Within the EU
Since the EU was formed, it is easier to migrate between countries.
Within the EU migrants may come:
· from different countries in the EU
· from outside of the EU
In 2004 Poland, and seven other Eastern European countries joined the EU. This increased migration into the UK. The largest group of migrants were from Poland.
Migration from outside the EU
Immigrants after the world wars mainly came from commonwealth countries. Immigration was encouraged by the government. Many immigrants provided labour for textile factories, transport, health or steelworks. The UK tightened migration controls in the 1970s.
Global migration
There are sometimes patterns of migration globally.
Worldwide migration trends 1918-1919
| 1. 1918-1919: | Eastern Europe to the USA and Canada | 7. 1950à: | Mexico and Central America to the USA |
| 2. 1919 à: | Britain to Australia, South Africa and New Zealand | 8. 1950-1960: | North Africa to France, Spain and Italy |
| 3. 1930-1940: | Russia to Siberia | 9. 1950-1960: | West Indies to the UK |
| 4. 1940 à: | European Jews (to the USA) | 10. 1973 à: | Ugandan Asians to the UK |
| 5. 1945 à: | Turkey to Germany | 11. 1975 à: | Vietnam to Malaysia, Australia and the USA |
| 6. 1947 à: | India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to the UK |
Migration policies
The number of migrants a country receives is influenced by the countries migration policy. Countries such as the UK operate a points based system. People are awarded points depending on their skills, previous income, and age. This has system gives some people visas to allow them entry into the UK for work - especially where there is a shortage of labour in that sector.
Migration laws are complex, and change in different countries, even within the EU.
Now study the multiple-choice questions and choose the best answer.
Test: Migration trends
1. What is migration?
A. Migration is when people travel to a place for leisure purposes.
B. Migration is when people don't like to travel.
C. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
2. What do you call it when someone leaves a country to find work/live elsewhere?
A. Emigration
B. Immigration
C. Internal migration
3. Moving away from an area to be closer to friends and family is:
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A. a social factor.
B. an economic factor.
C. a political factor.
D. an environmental factor.
4. Moving to a new location to find employment is:
A. a social factor
B. an economic factor
C. a political factor
D. an environmental factor
5. What is a pull factor?
A. A factor in their own country, such as unemployment, that persuades someone away from where they are currently living.
B. A factor in another country, such as quality of life, that encourages someone to move away from where they are currently living.
C. When people are forced out of their homes and have to set up home in a new country or new location.
6. After the world wars, migration to the UK from the commonwealth was encouraged because:
A. the UK needed more workers.
B. the UK government got paid to house people.
C. the UK needed more people in the army.
7. The UK operates a points based system for immigrants. This is:
A. to let in everyone who wants to immigrate into the UK.
B. a way to help restrict immigration, yet allowing some people in depending on age and skills.
C. a way to count immigration and emigration.
[14] Migration. bbc.co uk, 2017.
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
1 Study the ‘Grammar Reference Charts’ and make up sentences. What rules and principles of sentence structuring can you name?
A. Subjunctives
| It is important It was necessary It is advisable It is better | that | He you we I | report the case (should report the case) | It is important for him to report the case |
| Tom suggests He proposed I urge They demanded | that | She they John all of us | postpone the trip (should postpone the trip) | Tom suggests her postponing the trip |
B. Subjunctives
| Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive to advise (that) to ask (that) to command (that) to demand (that) to desire (that) to insist (that) to propose (that) to recommend (that) to request (that) to suggest (that) to urge (that) Examples: Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end of the month. Donna requested Frank come to the party. The teacher insists that her students be on time. | Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive It is best (that) It is crucial (that) It is desirable (that) It is essential (that) It is imperative (that) It is important (that) It is recommended (that) It is urgent (that) It is vital (that) It is a good idea (that) It is a bad idea (that) Examples: It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives. It is important she attend the meeting. It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon. |
| Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive Examples: The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting. The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours. I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary. | Passive Examples: Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately. Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations. We suggested that you be admitted to the organization. |
| Continuous Examples: It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane. It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over. I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home. | Should as Subjunctive Examples: The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem. Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam. |
[15] Englishpage.com, 2017
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