Tell about the TAIL UNIT and its functions:

The tail unit

consists of two surfaces

1. ……………………………..

2. ……………………………..

a Answer the questions:

1. What is a movable part of the vertical surface?

2. What does it control?

3. What are the movable parts of the horizontal surface?

4. What do they control?

Look at the pictures on this page. There is a word which corresponds to each number. Decide which of the words you know and fill in the table below.

fuselage		ailerons
landing gear (or undercarriage)		leading edge
wing tip		window
Nose gear		tail fin
engine nacelle		door
Nose		elevators
wing		spoilers
Hold (or cargo compartment) door		slats
windshield (or windscreen)		rudder
airbrakes		flaps
stabiliser		trailing edge

a Look at the picture, listen to the tape and repeat the words.

b Now test yourself. How many of the words do you remember? Listen to the tape, look at the picture and say the correct word when you hear the number. Then you will hear the right answer. Remember, do not repeat the words; try to say them before you hear them on the tape. Listen to an example.

Look at these words for parts of a plane:

wing tip door ailerons

trailing edge wheel rudder

window fuselage nose windshield

engine nacelle slats stabiliser

flaps tyre tail airbrakes

elevators landing gear leading edge

wing tail-fin nose gear

spoilers

Now fill in the ‘word tree’ below by putting a term in each box. (Some words are filled in for you.)

1 Discuss with your partner the following questions:

1. Which side of the fuselage is the starboard side?

2. Where is the cockpit?

3. What is the name of the very front part of the fuselage?

4. What is attached to the horizontal stabilizer?

5. What is the rudder attached to?

6. What is the flight compartment?

7. Is the nose wheel controllable?

8. Is the fin movable?

9. What can the nose contain?

10. Where is the toilet?

2 Fill in the blanks with the suitable words and answer the questions:

1. ………... consists of five structural units?

2. What ………... the engine and some systems?

3. What contains ………... ?

4. What ………... a fin and a horizontal stabilizer?

COCKPIT INSTRUMENTS AND DISPLAYS

What cockpit instruments and displays do you know?

Look at the pictures and complete the captions.

1. It is an …….. . 2. It is an …….. . 3. It is a…….. . 4. It is a …….. .

5. It is a …….. . 6. It is a ……... . 7. It is an ……..

3 Match the beginnings and ends of the definitions.

An altimeter is	an instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the attitude of the plane - it indicates attitude in both pitch and roll. The instrument is considered the most important for flight under the instrument flight rules (IFR), but has minimal application under the visual flight rules (VFR), except in emergencies, when the pilot may lose visual reference to the ground.
Airspeed indicator is	an instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of his heading. It is sometimes referred to by its older name, the directional gyro, or direction indicator or DI.
Vertical speed indicator is	a highly sensitive barometer, which shows an aircraft’s altitude above mean sea level by measuring atmospheric pressure.
Magnetic compass is	shows the rate and direction of a turn.
Directional gyro (Heading indicator) is	an instrument used in an aircraft to display the speed of an aircraft (typically in knots) relative to the air mass in which the aircraft is flying.
Turn and slip indicator	a navigational instrument for finding directions. It is the main method of indicating the heading or flight direction of an aircraft.
Artificial horizon (Attitude indicator) is	a variometer (also known as a rate-of-climb indicator, a vertical speed indicator (VSI), or a vertical velocity indicator (VVI)) is an instrument in an aircraft used to inform the pilot of the rate of descent or climb.

Vocabulary revision and extension. Look at the first (left) column of the table and decide how many cockpit instruments you remember. Test yourself looking at the second (right) column.

Attitude (director) indicator (AI) /artificial horizon	авиагоризонт/указатель положения;
Radio altimeter	радиовысотомер;
Altimeter	высотомер;
Vertical speed indicator (VSI)	вариометр;
Airspeed indicator (ASI)	индикатор скорости;
Compass	компас;
Engine instruments	панель приборов двигателя;
Fuel gauges	датчики горючего;
Head-up display (HUD)	проекционный бортовой индикатор/ индикатор на лобовом стекле;
Multi-function display (MFD)	многофункциональный индикатор;
Warning lights	сигнальные лампы;
Undercarriage indicator	индикация выпуска шасси;
Turn and speed indicator	указатель поворота и скольжения;
ILS indicator	указатель системы посадки по приборам;
Machmeter	указатель числа М;
Automatic direction finder (ADF)	автоматический радиокомпас;
Distance measuring equipment (DME)	дальномерное оборудование;
Clock	часы;
Horizontal situation indicator	указатель горизонтального положения;
Radio magnetic indicator	радиомагнитный указатель курсовых углов.

5 Give the English equivalent to the following word(s):

указатель системы посадки по приборам; индикация выпуска шасси; высотомер; дальномерное оборудование; индикатор скорости; указатель горизонтального положения; авиагоризонт/указатель положения; панель приборов двигателя.

1 Give explanation of the following cockpit instruments:

1. What is airspeed indicator (ASI)?

2. What is altitude indicator or artificial horizon?

3. What is altimeter?

4. What is turn and slip indicator?

5. What is a directional gyro?

6. What is a vertical speed indicator?

7. What is compass?

VIDEO DOCUMENTARY

Pre-watching activity

1 Answer the following questions before watching the film:

1. Have you ever flown on British Airways?

2. Have you got any information about this carrier?

3. What is its position in the airlines safe rating list?

4. Where is the head office of British Airways?

Watching activity

1 Watch the video “British Airways”. Get acquainted with the words and word phrases from the film.

Introduction

throughout the world по всему миру

airborne отрываться от земли

jet реактивный самолет

inherently присуще/свойственно

normal strength достаточная мощь/сила

stresses нагрузки

process of monitoring процесс наблюдения/отслеживания

Part 1 A tale of two Jumbos

routine life повседневная жизнь

care ухаживать, заботится, уход

huge jet большой реактивный самолет

within minutes в течении нескольких

for major overhaul для капитального ремонта

Part 2 XE is going back into outside world

complete an overhaul завершать ремонтные работы

Nairobi Найроби

Johannesburg Йоханнесбург

airline operations эксплуатационные требования компании

keep an airplane safe содержать самолет в состоянии безопасности

components элементы, детали

unconditional maintenance необходимое обслуживание (по факту неисправности)

mixture смешивание

Part 3 First sector London – Nairobi non-stop

non-stop flight беспосадочный перелет

Mediterranean Средиземное море

valley долина

Kenya Кения

local time местное время

ground electrics наземные електрики

cargo and baggage vehicles транспортеры для подачи багажа и грузов на борт в/с

catering бортовое питание

cabin cleaners персонал для уборки в салоне в/с

toilets disposal замена бортовых туалетов

duty officers дежурные пилоты

minor faults незначительные неисправности

hydraulic leak течь гидравлической жидкости

force of law сила закона (правил)

position actuator силовой цилиндр, привод положения (посадочного шасси)

replace изъятие (замена элементов)

meanwhile тем временем; между тем

routine transit check обычная проверка на пересадке

examine for wear проверка на износ тормозов

control services системы управления в/с

to scan carefully осматривать внимательно (внешний осмотр в/с)

refueling дозаправка

oil levels check проверка уровня масла

Part 4 Maintenance Control Centre

Maintenance control centre центр контроля за обслуживанием в/с

access доступ

exact state точное состояние (приборов или систем в/с)

serviceability годность, пригодность

personal history личная история самолета

overhaul капитальный ремонт

remarkable status чрезвычайно важный статус/положение

continuously monitored непрерывное отслеживание

transplant of organs замена частей, блоков или модулей в\с

engine warning devices система предупреждения о нарушении в работе двигателя

engine vibration вибрация (тряска) двигателя

strip down списывать (прибор)

attribute свойство, характерная черта

mechanic dependability механическая зависимость

Part 5 High safety standards

to maintain high safety standards выдерживать высокие стандарты безопасности

fibre optics фибро-оптические приборы

blade лопатка (от двигателя реактивного в/с)

schedule for removal график замены (прибора, элемента или системы)

detective work поисковая работа

gamma radiation гамма излучение

very high frequency sound waves высокочастотные волны

magnetic devices магнитные приборы

metal chips металлическая стружка

sludge грязь, ил, налет

plug пробка, втулка

engine remove замена двигателя

on top of the world на вершине мира

watch the performance наблюдать за работой приборов

airplane vital functions жизненно-важные функции самолета

fuel consumption расход топлива

fuel load заправка топлива

hydraulics гидравлика

power station аккумуляторные батареи

Part 6 From African sun into Alaska winter

freezing fog леденящий туман

despite of the cold несмотря на холод

accumulate накапливать, собирать

spray off обрабатывать (корпус и крылья в/с против обледенения)

night shift ночная смена

take the aircraft apart разбирать самолет на части

vital part жизненно-важная часть в/с

flying control system система управления полетом

maneuver the aircraft управлять самолетом

hydraulic units гидравлические узлы (системы)

Part 7 XE coming home from Japan

running up engines прогревать двигатели

complete the overhaul завершать/заканчивать капремонт

special tape cassette кассета с магнитной лентой

collect (from) изымать

magnetic tape магнитная лента

recorded data записанные данные

to analyse the tape расшифровывать/анализировать запись на кассете

to analyse a print out анализировать распечатанные данные

assigned for another trip назначен/поставлен на другой рейс

Part 8 On the final sector – warning lights – Ratio rudder possible fault

warning lights лампочки предупреждения

possible fault возможная/допустимая неисправность

sensitivity of the rudder чувствительность руля направления в/с

low altitude flight полет на низкой высоте

maintenance controller диспетчер центра обслуживания самолетов

to consult the specialist engineer получить консультацию инженера-специалиста

reassurance подтверждение

component to be changed элемент, который необходимо заменить

goes back into service возвращение к работе (эксплуатации)

like everything mechanical как и все механическое

unique уникальный, необычный

professional resources профессиональные ресурсы

supremely high standards чрезвычайно высокие стандарты

to make sure быть уверенным

After-watching activity

1 Watch the video again in parts. Answer the questions after each part:

Part 1

1. What do the maintenance hangars serve for?

2. What reason was XG sent into the dock for?

3. What is the weight of unloaded Jumbo?

4. How much time do the engineers need to start work?

Part 2

1. Where was the first flight of XE after its overhaul completed?

2. What are the two ways of keeping an airplane safe in airline operations?

Part 3

1. How many passengers and how much cargo were on board XE when it crossed the Mediterranean?

2. What ground operations were performed at Nairobi?

3. What problems did the crew report to the ground staff?

4. What does the routine check consist of?

Part 4

Where did the signal and details about repairs go to?
How do the engineers of MCC process the income information?
What was the speed of XE when it was cruising home from Johannesburg?
How much time does XE spend every day and how many miles does it fly every year?

Part 5

What do engineers need to maintain high safety standards?
What devices do engineers use to search for small metal signs?
What purposes do the magnetic devices settled in the oil lines serve for?
What are the airplane vital functions?

Part 6

How can the low temperature influence the wing?
What is necessary to make before departure in condition of low temperature?
What is the vital part of any aircraft?

Part 7

What is the purpose of special tape cassette in the flight deck?
What data does this magnetic tape contain?
What helps the crew to keep the safe heading?
What happened to XE on landing in New Zealand?

Part 8

What was the reason for the warning light on XE?
What were the crew actions?
How much time do the engineers need to complete the overhaul on XG?
Why does the author believe that an airliner is a unique form of transport?

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