EXERCISE 36a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.
1. Heather thinks she's so high-class. She____________other people all the time.
2. The situation ________ ________ after the cease-fire was declared.
3. The sun comes up around 6:00, and it ________ ________ around 8:00.
4. Here's the list of candidates for the promotion. Let's ________ ________ the list and decide.
5. The old water tower ________ ________ during the storm.
6. You must be exhausted. Why don't you ________________ and take it easy?
7. I saw a tow truck looking for illegally parked cars, so I ________ ________ to my car and moved it.
8. My office is on the ninetieth floor, so sometimes it takes me fifteen minutes to ________ ________ to the lobby.
9. It's hard to write sympathy notes. I never know what to ________ ________.
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10. The company tried to reduce benefits, but they ________ ________ when the union threatened to go on strike.
11. The Appalachian Trail starts in Maine and _____ all the way _____ to Georgia.
12. Don't ________ the baby ________ there — she might fall.
13. I was furious about what Dan said, and I ________ him ________ and told him exactly what I thought about it.
14. If you ________ $ 100,000 ________ on that house, you won't need a very large mortgage.
15. What are you so worried about? Just________ ________ — everything's going to be all right.
16. The union's proposal to reduce the workweek to four days didn't________ ________ well with the company.
17. The Food and Drug Administration is expected to ________ ________ a new set of regulations regarding seafood inspection.
18. The price of computers has _______ _______ dramatically in the last few years.
19. Those boxes are too heavy for you. ________ them ________ and let me carry them for you.
20. A pedestrian was ________ ________ by a truck on Lincoln Avenue.
21. The stock exchange had to stop trading when its computers _______ ______.
22. ________ a jet ________ on an aircraft carrier at night is very difficult.
23. Someone left this flashlight on all night, and the batteries have ______ ______.
EXERCISE 36b — Write three sentences using the objects in parentheses. Be sure to put the objects in the right place.
1. The jockey calmed down. (the horse, it)
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2. The mechanic laid down. (her tools, them)
3. I put down. (my books, them)
4. The taxi ran down. (the traffic cop, him)
EXERCISE 36c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs, participle adjectives, and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.
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1. The car dealer reviewed the list of the car's options with me. What did the car dealer do?
2. In Question 1,what did the car dealer give me?
3. The king visited the area where the two tribes were fighting, and the fighting stopped. What did the king do to the area?
4. The houses in this part of town are in very bad condition. How can you describe this part of town?
5. Management's plan got a good reaction from the workers. What impression did the plan make on the workers?
6. Frank told Nancy that she was low-class. What did Frank do to Nancy?
7. In Question 6, what was Frank's comment?
8. Sam sat in a chair. What did Sam do?
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9. The company's management stopped threatening to fire the workers and agreed to raise their wages. What did the company do?
10. The dentist's secretary wrote my name in her appointment book. What did the secretary do?
11. The soldiers stopped fighting and put their rifles on the ground. What did the soldiers do with their rifles?
12. You slipped and landed on the ground. What did you do?
EXERCISE 36d, Review — Complete the sentences with these participle adjectives from previous sections. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.
| burned up, 22 | locked in, 30 | punched in,30 | spaced-out, 30 |
| cleaned out, 32 | locked out, 30 | punched out, 30 | sorted out, 30 |
| emptied out, 32 | paid up, 22 | put out, 30 | torn off, 27 |
| left out, 32 | plugged up, 22 | shaken up, 24 |
1. David's totally ________________ today. He has even forgotten his girlfriend's name.
2. I like this coat, but I don't know what size it is because the tag's________ _______,
3. I don't know why that guy from the collection agency called me — all my bills are ________ ________.
4. Nicole hasn't ________ ________ yet. Either she's late for work or she forgot.
5. Mark borrowed Bob's car and had an accident, and Mark's really ________ ________ about it.
6. The manager wondered why I wasn't working, but after I told her I was ________ ________, she said it was okay.
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7. Take this medicine. It's great for ________ ________ noses.
8. Do you have a key? I'm ________ ________ and can't get out.
9. Do you have a key? I'm ________ ________ and can't get in.
10. Jane's really ________ ________. She just found out that her brother was murdered.
11. Jim's socks are mixed with his brother's socks. They're not ________ ________.
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12. No one wants to sit with me in the school lunchroom, and it makes me feel ________ ________.
13. My mother was really ________ ________ when Aunt Kathy said our house wasn't very clean.
14. Why isn't the basement ________ ________ yet? I told you I'm tired of looking at this junk!
15. There's nothing in the room. It's all ________ ________.
EXERCISE 36e, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.
| blow up, 33 | come about, 33 | make of, 35 | pull off, 33 |
| care for, 31 | do without, 31 | make out, 29 | put off, 31 |
| catch on, 33 | go out, 32 | narrow down, 35 | stick to, 34 |
| clean out, 32 | lock out, 30 | plan on, 31 | wash up, 30 |
1. Several bodies from the crashed plane ________ ________ the day after the crash.
2. After mother had a stroke, we had to hire nurses to ________ ________ her.
3. My father was seventy-two years old when he got his first computer, but he ________ _______ right away, and now he uses it all the time.
4. The President had a lot of big plans when he took office, but few of them ever ________ ________.
5. Mark wasn't successful as a singer. He should have ________ ________ songwriting — that's what he does best.
6. How did you ________ ________ on your final exam?
7. I had to crawl in through the window after my daughter closed the door and ________ me ________ of the house.
8. This situation is very strange. I don't know what to ________ ________ it.
9.1 have to finish my project tonight, and I haven't even started it. I ________ it _______ until the last minute.
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10. No one thought Frank could run a mile in less than four minutes, but he ________ it ________.
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11. I really depend on my laptop computer when I travel on business. I don't know how I ever _______ _________it.
12. George and Linda ________ ________ for three years before they got married.
13. Several people were killed when the bomb ________ ________.
14. Bob and Marsha aren't________ ________spending more than $250,000 for their
new house.
15. My divorce settlement cost me a lot of money. It almost _______ me _______.
16. The FBI started with a list of six suspects, but they _______ it ________ to two.
37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3
When phrasal verbs are used as nouns, the verb is usually in the infinitive form;
however, a small number use a different form of the verb.
For example, left over and grow up use the past participle:
We ate leftovers the day after Thanksgiving.
The grown-ups sat at one table, and the children sat at another.
talk to and go over use the -ing form:
Mr. Young gave his son a good talking-to.
Before I buy this car, I'm going to give it a good going-over.
and grown-up uses the past participle:
Only grown-ups are allowed to drive.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| brush off | brush off & brushes off | brushing off | brushed off | brushed off |
1. brush ...off p.v. When you brush people off, you ignore them or refuse to listen to them because you are not interested in or do not like what they are saying.
My boss just brushes me off when I try to tell her how to increase our profits.
The reporters tried to ask him some questions, but he brushed them off.
brush-off n. When you give people the brush-off, you ignore them or refuse to listen to them because you are not interested in or do not like what they are saying.
The boss just gave me the brush-off when I tried to give him some advice. 2. brush ... off p.v. When you brush off a critical remark or problem, you ignore it
and continue as before without letting it affect you.
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I told Dr. Smith that he had made a mistake, but he brushed it off.
My father's cholesterol is very high, but he just brushes it off.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| come on | come on & comes on | coming on | came on | come on |
1. come on p.v. When an electrical device or machine comes on, it begins to operate, usually automatically. Go off is the opposite of come on.
It was so cold that the heat came on last night.
When you open the refrigerator door, the light comes on automatically.
2. come on p.v. When a television or radio program comes on, it begins.
Do you know when the news will come on?
The late movie comes on at 1:00 a.m.
3. come on p.v. When you want to encourage people to do something or when you want them to do something quickly, you say "Come on!"
Believe me, you're going to love this garlic ice cream. Come on, try it!
Come on! I can't wait all day.
4. come on p.v. [informal] When you think that people have done or said something improper or unreasonable, you say "Come on."
Tom didn't study for one minute, and you're telling me he got 100 on the test? Oh, come on.
Hey, come on! I told you not to do that again.
5. come on p.v. [always continuous] When you begin to feel a headache or an illness developing, you feel the headache or illness coming on.
I might be sick tomorrow; I feel something coming on.
I feel a headache coming on. Do you have any aspirin?
6. come on p.v. When you come on a certain way, you speak or deal with people in that way.
Paul needs to learn to be more of a gentleman. He comes on too strong, and women don't like that.
Bob comes on kind of arrogant, but he's actually a nice guy.
7. come on (to) p.v. [informal] When you come on to people, you approach them and try to interest them in romance or sex.
Toad came on to Judy at the party, and she told him to get lost.
I can't stand that guy Ned. He's always coming on to me.
come-on n. [informal] A provocative comment or action intended to interest a person in romance or sex is a come-on.
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Todd uses the same come-on with all the girls, and it never works.
come-on n. A discount or special offer designed to get people to buy something is a come-on.
The bank is offering a free VCR as a come-on if you open an account with them.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past partic | |
| cover up | cover up & covers up | covering up | covered up | covered u |
1. cover... up p.v. When you cover something completely, you cover it up.
I covered the cake up so no bugs would land on it.
Cover this stuff up — I don't want anyone to see it.
covered up part.adj. After something has been completely covered, it is covered up. Is the meat covered up? I don't want flies to land on it.
2. cover... up p.v. When you cover up a crime, you do something to try to prevent other people from learning of it.
There's no point in trying to cover up the crime. Too many people already know about it.
The mayor was accused of covering up his ties to organized crime.
cover-up n. Something you do in order to prevent a crime from becoming known is a cover-up.
The mayor denied being part of a cover-up and claimed he was innocent.
Hang out
hang out & hangs out hanging out hung out hung out
1. hang out p.v. [informal] When you hang out at a place, you spend time there without any important purpose. Hang around is similar to hang out.
Doesn't Nancy have a job? It seems as if she hangs out at the beach every day.
I don't have anyplace to go. Do you mind if I hang out here for a while?
hangout n. [informal] A hangout is a place where you spend time without any important purpose.
The police closed the bar, saying it was a hangout for crooks and gang members.
Leave over left over
1. leave over p.v. [always passive] When something is left over, it remains after people have used or taken as much of it as they need or want.
I guess I made too much food; look how much is left over.
I paid all my bills and had only $ 17 left over.
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leftover part.adj. Something that is left over remains after people have used or taken as much of it as they need or want.
You can have this leftover pasta for lunch tomorrow.
leftovers n. [always plural] Food items that remain uneaten after people have finished eating are leftovers.
Leftovers again? When are we going to have something different for dinner?
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| Let down | let down & lets down | letting down | let down | let down |
1. let ...down p.v. When you promise people you will do something and then fail to do it, you let them down.
My son promised to stop using drugs, but he let me down.
I really need you to help me move tomorrow. Please don't let me down.
let down part.adj. When people promise you they will do something and then fail to do it, you feel let down. When you are disappointed because you cannot have something you want to have, because you cannot do something you want to do, or because something is less exciting than you expected it to be, you feel let down.
You broke your promise to me that you would quit smoking. I feel very let down.
letdown n. When you say that something is a letdown, you are disappointed because you cannot have or cannot do something you want to or because something is less exciting than you expected it to be.
I had tickets for the fifth game of the World Series, but my team lost in four games. What a letdown.
After the way everyone talked about how great the movie was, I thought it was something of a letdown.
payoff pay off & pays off paying off paid off paid off
1. pay... off p.v. When you pay off money that you owe or pay off the person you owe the money to, you pay all the money that you owe.
I wasn't happy with the people we hired to paint our house. I paid them off and told them not to return.
It took ten years, but I finally paid off my school loan.
paid off part.adj. After you pay all the money that you owe to someone or to a lending institution, the debt or loan is paid off.
I made my last payment yesterday, and now my car loan is paid off.
2. pay... off p.v. When you pay people money so that they will do something illegal or allow you to do something illegal, you pay them off.
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The politician tried to cover up the crime by paying off the witnesses.
Don't expect the police in this city to do anything about gambling — they're being paid off.
payoff n. A payoff is money paid to someone to do something illegal or to allow you to do something illegal.
The chief of police was videotaped accepting a payoff.
3. pay off p.v. When something you do pays off, it is successful and is worth the effort you made.
Medical school is a lot of hard work, but it'll pay off someday.
The restaurant changed its menu, and it really paid off. Business increased by 30 percent.
payoff n. A benefit you gain because of an effort you make is a payoff.
Linda doesn't get paid for the volunteer work she does.
The payoff isknowing that she has helped other people.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| talk to | talk to & talks to | talking to | talked to | talked to |
1. talk to p.v. When you talk to people, you have a conversation with them.
Are you talking to me?
I don't like Bob. He talks to me like I'm some kind of idiot.
talking-to n. A talking-to is a serious discussion in which you scold or lecture someone.
Dan's behavior is outrageous. Someone should give him a good talking-to.
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