Give Russian equivalents for the following words and phrases.
Pediment; concavity; a low gable; dentils; pillar and beam construction; shaft; acanthus; modillion; capital; convex curve; three flat strips; architrave; echinus; cornice; pedestal; volute; stylobate; the squatness or slenderness; elliptical; intercolumniation; centaurs; to separate the shafts of the columns; limestone metopes; entasis; convex; semicircular; bell-shaped; perennial.
Give English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
Aнтаблемент; архитрав; aбака; акант; основание; перистиль; зубчатый орнамент; стержень колонны; стилобат; центробежная сила, центростремительная сила; вогнутая поверхность; волюта; фриз; выпуклая кривая; кайма; канелюра; навес; капитель; карниз; фронтон; цела; изгиб; окруженный двойной колоннадой; колокообразный эхин; поясок колонны, завиток; фаска; канелюра; тесьма, узкая повязка; выступающий угол, ребро; цоколь; энтазис.
Match the words and their definitions.
| 1. palmette | a. sharp edge formed by the meeting of two flat or curved surfaces |
| 2. regula | b. an ornament of radiating petals like a palm leaf |
| 3. pronaos | c. having a double peristyle |
| 4. arris | d. a fillet, continuing a triglyph beneath the taenia, from which guttae are suspended |
| 5. dipteral | e. a vestibule at the front of a classical temple, enclosed by a portico and projecting side walls |
Fill in the text with the words from the box. Give the title of the text.
| significant; architecture; annulets; traces; popular; terracotta; popular; taenia; background; furniture; effect; motifs; impression; elements; scale; order; volute. |
Greek __ made ample use of paint. Most of this has disappeared today, with the __ exception of some underground tombs, but __ remain, better preserved on __ members than on stone. Colors used were blues, reds, greens, blacks, and yellows; red and blue were __ on stone, red and black on __. In the Doric order, for example, __ were usually blue and red, the __ was red, regulae blue, guttae unpainted, triglyphs blue, backgrounds of carved metopes red, the __ to pedimental sculpture blue, and so on. The whole __ was much more varied than the __ we get today. All the decorative __ of the ‘Ionic’ order are drawn from the Eastern vocabulary. In the Near East, these __ __ had generally appeared at a small __ in wood and bronze, elaborating, for example, __. Where they had appeared on a large __, in Phoenician __ capitals, they had not belonged to any coherent __.
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Find the definitions for the following terms in the text and dictionaries.
Gutta; cornice; arris; palmette; triglyph; pediment; molding; fasciae; pronaos; pseudo-dipteral; architrave; adyton; entasis; flutes; terracotta; annulets; annulets; frieze; echinus; centaurs; acanthus.
Read the text for detail. Discuss the text in the dialogue in class.
Developments in Doric building throughout the century culminate in the Doric Temple of Aphaia on the island of Aegina. The plan has six columns on the facade, with twelve showing on the flank, columned porches front and back, and a columned cella. The temple is accordingly less elongated, and there are Doric refinements. Columns lean inward slightly, and corner columns are thicker than others. Strictly applied numerical ratios govern the heights of members of the elevation. As a rule, architects aligned the triglyphs of the frieze with the centers of the columns below, thus preserving the upward visual thrust of the columns. But they faced a problem at the corners of buildings. When they pushed the end triglyphs to the corner to avoid having half-metopes there, they were left with elongated metopes in the frieze between the corner and adjacent columns. The solution was to narrow the space between the corner columns
and adjacent columns, thus contracting the whole corner. This Doric refinement is known as angle contraction.
It had already been used in the Temple of Hera at Olympia, and it was used in the Temple of Aphaia. The temple has left fragments of three pediments, two from the east end, and one from the west. These present certain problems. The stiff, angular style of the figures of the west pediment suggests a date of around 500 bce. Those of the replacement east pediment show more natural movement and realistic expressions and may date from 480 bce. The composition was accorded a push-and-pull treatment, a contrast of centripetal and centrifugal movement in the two pediments. In the west, the action is centrifugal with the battle flying outward; in the east, it moves inward from collapsed figures in the corners to striding figures near the center. In both instances, the tableau is of the Aeginetan heroes at war, perhaps at Troy, presided over by Athena, the only figure drawn to a scale larger than others, as befits a divine being. The choice of topic allows for unity of scale, with figures striding, kneeling, lunging, and collapsing, filling the space all the way into the corners. These pediments mark the transition from the Archaic period to the Classical.
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8. Expand on the following.
The Temple of Athena at Smyrna
The Temple of Apollo at Phigaleia
The Temple of Artemis on the island of Corcyra
The Temple of Hera at Olympia
The Doric Temple of Aphaia
The Sanctuary of Apollo at Didyma
The Sanctuary of Hera at Samos
The Parthenon
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