Predicative complexes which can be any part of the sentence
The For-to-Infinitive Constructions is a predicative constr. in which the nominal part (a noun/noun-propoun except a personal pronoun in the common case, or a personal pronoun in the objective case) is introduced by the preposition FOR while the predicate part is an infinitive with the particle TO. The construction functions as:1) Subject- it usually follows introductory IT and is very seldom placed before the predicate ( It was practically impossible for them to meet anyboy) 2) Predicative- the usual link-verb is TO BE (That is not for me to decide)3) Object- the construction can be used as an indirect non-recipient object of certain verbs (to ask,to watch) and adjectives (anxious,eager,impatient,sorry,willing) - I watched for him to appear through the bushes4) Attribute- it modifies nouns or indefinite and universal pronouns (She gave orders for everyone to stop packing)5) Adverbial modifier a) of purpose ( I rang for you to show the lady out) b) of consequence (The chance was too good for Jack to miss it) The Gerundial Predicative Construction is a predicative constr. is a predicative complex in which the nominal part is generally a noun/noun-pronoun in the possessive case or a possessive pronoun in the common case or a personal pronoun in the objective case. The construction may be:1) Subject- is used either with or without introductory IT (Your doing nothing won't help anybody)2) Predicative- (The only way out will be his taking the job)3) Object- the construction may be either direct object to a verb or an indirect non-recipient object to a verb or adjective (She liked his worrying about his wife)4) Attribute- is generally used with the preposition OF, although other prepositions are possible (The prospect of smo else getting a job moved them to strong moral indignation)5) Adv.modifier- is always introduced by a prepositions:a) of time(After his being away for some time the crisis came) b) of attendant circumstances ( The car slid away without my having to say anything)c) of concession ( In spite of its being cold the bushes swarmed with insects)
30. The compound sentence (сложносочин.).
A compound sentence consists of two or more clauses of equal rank which form one syntactic whole in meaning and intonation. Such clauses are called coordinate, or conjoins. They are regarded as independent, for there is no hierarchy in the syntactic relationship between them.
Coordination can be asyndetic (with no special connector): Two is company, three is a crowd. Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them. or syndetic — expressed by special coordinators (coordinating conjunctions or conjunctive adverbs/conjuncts). In writing, asyndetically joined coordinate clauses are separated by a semicolon (;), a colon (:) or a dash (—). The semicolon is perhaps most frequently used:
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COPULATIVE COORDINATION (сочинит.связь) The clauses are simply linked together to express two or more related facts by means of the following coordinators: and, (and) neither, neither ...nor [rare], nor, not only ...but (also), also, even, besides, furthermore [formal], moreover [formal], likewise, either, too, indeed, plus, etc A man is as old as he feels, and a woman is as old as she looks.
DISJUNCTIVE COORDINATION ((разделит.связь) Compound sentences with disjunctive coordination express. an alternative, which is achieved with the help of the following coordinators: or, or else, either...or, otherwise. Disjunctive sentences can be used to give advice, a warning or an order. (Hurry up, or you'll be late again. Don't make yourself a mouse, or the cat will eat you).
ADVERSATIVE COORDINATION (противительная связь) I the statements expressed by the clauses are contrasted in meaning. This is achieved with the help of the following coordinators:but, however, still, yet, while
causative-consecutive (причинно –следств. связь) express the idea of cause and cons. for, hence, thus, so a personal one) in the common case, or a pronoun in the nominative case. Constructions of this type are called absolute nominative constructions (Dinner over, everybody rose)
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