B) Find sentences with these expressions in the text.
Write your opinion about system of education in Russia. What advantages and disadvantages can you mention? What would you improve?
When Does a Child Need Speech Therapy?
Speech Therapy for Children
I. Discuss the following before reading the text:
1. How many children need speech therapy?
2. What is the best age to start such therapy?
II. Read the text and be ready to discuss some questions after it:
Sometimes children have problems saying certain sounds or words making it hard for others to understand what they're trying to say. Some children will grow out of the problem themselves, while others will need to see a speech or language therapist to remedy the problem.
Speech pathologists, also called speech therapists, can help children of all ages with different speech and language problems. Some of the most common speech and language problems kids have are:
• Articulation: Trouble saying certain sounds words correctly
• Resonance or voice disorders: When the vocal quality of an individual is altered/changed in such a way that it is thought to be abnormal to the listener.
• Language disorders: Difficulty understanding people or having trouble putting words together to express thoughts.
• Fluency disorders: Repeating certain sounds and/or having trouble saying a complete word. Stuttering is a fluency disorder.
How can you know if your child needs speech therapy? A speech or language problem that isn't treated on time can result in serious problems for the child later in life. If you suspect your child has a speech or language problem, contact your local doctor, hospital or health agency for information about having a speech therapist assess your child.
Some medical conditions that make it difficult for children to speak are:
• hearing impairment
• weak muscles around the mouth
• cleft lip or palate
• autism
• breathing disorder
• swallowing disorder
A child with an articulation disorder often has difficulty with the physical production of individual speech sounds. An articulation disorder can often be characterized by the inaccurate production of certain sounds such as incorrect placement of the tongue, lips teeth, or soft palate during speech.
A child with an articulation disorder needs speech therapy. Without treatment, a child may struggle with lifelong vocational, learning, emotional and social problems.
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For many children the cause of oral or motor dysfunction articulation disorder comes from brain damage or neurological dysfunction. For other children, however, there is no clearly identifiable cause.
Symptoms of Articulation Disorder are:
• Distortions - An attempt is made at the correct sound but it results in a poor production
• Omissions - Sounds in words and sentences may be completely omitted
• Additions - Extra sounds or syllables are added to the word
• Dysarthria - slow, slurred speech with inaccurate movement of the articulators
• Substitutions - An incorrect (usually easier) sound may be substituted for the correct one.
When a speech problem is suspected, a child should be taken to a registered speech therapist (speech-language pathologist).
III. Give us your ideas and may be exercises which can help children with certain speech problems.
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